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Intervention Warm UpWrite question & answer. You must show your work!
A cheetah can run at a rate of 30 meters per second. How far could a cheetah travel in 60 seconds? D= T x S
A. 90 metersB. 120 metersC. 150 metersD. 1800 meters
Science Warm Up1-5-16
Write question & answer
Which is the best description of where earthquakes are likely to occur?
• A in the middle of a continent• B along a coastline• C along two plate boundaries• D in the middle of an ocean
HomeworkDue Wed 1/6/16
• Page 55 in textbook • Write all Q & A
• Bring science books to class tomorrow!
GLE Review
• GLE 0707.1.1 Make observations and describe the structure and function of organelles found in plant and animal cells.
• GLE 0707.1.2 Summarize how the different levels of organization are integrated within living systems.
Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
functions.
Examples of CellsAmoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
Discovery of Cells
• The invention of the lens
• Robert Hooke (1665): observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) with a microscope. He described what he observed as “little boxes” (cells).
The Cell Theory
• What is the cell theory?1. All living things are composed of one
or more cells.2. Cells are organisms’ basic units of
structure and function.3. Cells come only from existing cells.
The Cell Theory
• Who developed the cell theory?– Matthias Schleiden (1838):
concluded that all plants are composed of cells
– Theodor Schwann (1839): concluded that all animals are composed of cells
– Rudolph Virchow (1855): determined that cells come only from other cells
Cell Diversity
• Size• Shape• Internal Organization
Cell Diversity-
Size
Cell Diversity- Size
6 inches long, 5 inches wide, 3 pounds
Smallest Cells:
Longest Cells:
Ostrich Egg
Biggest Cells:
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells• Do not have
structures surrounded by membranes
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
nucleus? NO (nucleoid) YES
membrane-bound organelles? NO YES (Many)
size 1 - 10 m 10 - 50 m
when evolved? 3.5 billion years ago 1.5 billion years ago
cytoplasm? YES YES
cell membrane? YES YES
cell wall? Some Do Plants
ribosomes? YES YES
DNA? CircularFree Floating Chromosomes in Nucleus
examples Bacteria Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists
The Parts of the Cell
• Each living cell carries out the tasks of taking food, transforming food into energy, getting rid of wastes, and reproducing.
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer • Selectively permeable• Found in all cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall• Most commonly found
in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus• Structure: the nucleus is a
sphere that contains another sphere called a nucleolus
• controls cell activities
-Contains genetic material - DNA
Nucleolus• Inside nucleus• Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes• In nucleus• Made of DNA• Contain instructions
for traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm• Gel-like mixture• Surrounded by cell membrane• Contains hereditary material
Endoplasmic Reticulum• intercellular highway (a
path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another) Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes
• Rough ER (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
* Smooth and Rough ER have different functions
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes• Each cell contains
thousands• Make proteins• Found on ribosomes
& floating throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria• Produces energy through
chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies• Protein 'packaging
plant'• Move materials within
the cell• Move materials out of
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome• Function: breaks down
food particles, invading objects, or worn out cell parts
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles• Structure: a sac of
fluid surrounded by a membrane– Very large in plants
• Function: used for temporary storage of wastes, nutrients, and water
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast• Usually found in plant
cells• Contains green
chlorophyll• Where
photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
3 organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells
TOD1-5-16
In which cell organelle does photosynthesis take place?
A. vacuole B. chloroplasts C. cell wall D. mitochondrion