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AgendaBackground on shotfiring, grunching and explosives in underground Coal MinesShotfiring Legislation including Licencing Shotfiring training for Deputy & Undermanager candidates Practical exercises using a Shotfiring training Model in the class room environment.
Shotfiring in the Southern District
Coal mining has a long history of mining coal with explosives particularly prior to mechanization during the 1940’s.
All Mines in the Bulli seam carry out a considerable amount of shotfiring, mainly in stone - excavating for overcasts, conveyors, workshops and Intrusions
GrunchingThe term used for mining a roadway in coal with the use of explosives by blasting of the solid, ie no slot or undercut (Only one free face )It is a method of mining coal remotely which is a mandatory requirement if above threshold coal is to be mined where gas drainage has not drained in an area effectively using traditional methods.
StructuresTight coal
Why is training important?
Shotfiring like any process in underground mines can be hazardous.Safe operating procedures, safe and fit for purpose equipment and competent well trained personnel ensure that hazards and risks from shotfiring are well managed and conducted safely.A proper designed, drilled, loaded and fired round results in very little risk
6
Explosives – What are they?
They are chemical compounds initiated by shock, heat or impact.They transform rapidly, releasing heat and (mainly) high pressure gasesThey create a stress wave and exert pressure.
1. Deflagrating (notably black powder)
2. High (permitted and non-permitted)
3. Initiating (notably PETN and ASA)
Senatel 1000
Low explosives•<2000 metres per second
High explosives•>2000 metres per second
Initiating explosives = 5000m to 7500m
Sentatel 1000 explosives are widely used in underground coal mines
a P1 explosive only approved for use in stone
Cartridge emulsion high explosive
VOD – 4200 metres /second
Very safe and stable compared with the old nitro glycerin based explosives – low sensitivity but very high energy
Detonating an explosive
Carrick II Detonators are low incendive, short delay detonators approved for use in underground coal mines.They are an electric delay detonator, containing a sleeved fusehead, a delay element (except for 0 delay), a priming composition and a Tetryl base charge inside a cylindrical copper shell.They have very high sensitivity to impact.
Approval Process – P1 in coal
Risk Assessment - MDG1010Independent review
Risk assessment and Control measures
2 weeks notice - Chief Inspector or DelegateSafety file containing risk assessment, review document, vent plan and other details
Shotfiring Training2 Units of Competency
1. Support Shotfiring – minimum pre-requisite OR
2. Conduct Shotfiring – required for Blasting Explosives User Licence (BEUL) – Shotfirer
• Certificate IV in Underground Coal Operations (Deputy)
• Dip of Underground Coal Mining Management (Undermanager)
• Adv Dip of Underground Coal Mining Management (Manager)
Shot Firing TrainingThe main difference between the units of competency is that Conduct shotfiring has:
more information of Blast hole patterns and designs requires log book evidence of assisting in the firing of at least 3 shots
Both units will contain information on grunching
Shotfiring Training Course
Class room environmentA lot of good informationA lot of PowerPoint slidesVideos, but all are hard rock blasting and open cutLearners receive the class room presentations, a copy of the notes, a study guide and are given a assessment to complete and return for marking
Key learning pointsIdentifying hazards and risksShotfiring operations – Explosives Management PlanShotfiring procedures
Ensure the area is thoroughly stonedusted Maintain housekeeping and standardsEnsure Holes are drilled to the authorised planFlush, clean and test holesLoading and stemming
How do we do this in the classroom?
Practical ExercisesTest a blast cableTest for breaks in shot holesMake up primersLoad and stemTest the circuit Deal with issues
Examine BlastholesA shothole shall not be charged unless it has been tested with an approved break detector and found to be free of breaks.
Conclusion - Practical Training
With the Model, PowerPoints, Learner Guide and the whiteboard the trainees can better learn the processes including (1) Loading and stemming the round.(2) Testing the round.(3) Dealing with problems(4) Understand the process 3 ways,
SeeingReadingDoing
Before
exposure
in the
workplace