Practical Considerations for designing Road Tunnel Public address Systems

Practical Considerations for designing Road Tunnel Public address SystemsPeter J Patrick

GenesisGovernments world wide have legislated intelligibility into the requirements for audio announcement systems for emergency / evacuation control. This applies to all situations and locations - including public road tunnels, bus-way tunnels and associated egress tunnels

Design Environment In spite of the critical nature of the announcement system in tunnels the cost of the system is small in overall terms. Project managers in the past have not understood the level of expertise required. Designs have been provided by manufacturers distributors and others but the outcomes have not been meritorious. In fact few if any Australian Tunnels appear to have been equipped with announcement systems which meet the requirements of AS 1670.4

The Tunnel itself

Whats the required Outcome ?1.00.750.60.450.3ExcellentGoodFairPoorBad

Design Procedure in common use

EASE & EASERA were used in this investigation - CATT and Odeon should give the same or similar results

Including Noise levels

Alternative methodAudio Signal MixerPink Noise genGraphic Equaliser

Factors affecting the outcome Reverberation Noise Early / Late energy ratio Loudspeaker arrivals Reverberant decay Echoes Masking Fidelity Distortion

The STIPa test for STI

Figure 2. Easera SysTune Display - Spectra produced by STIpa test signal generator (NTi Audio MR-PRO)

Masking with increasing SPLSTI Rating

Chart1

0.9

0.93

0.98

0.99

1

0.97

0.96

0.95

0.93

0.84

0.78

0.73

0.69

STI

SPL in dB(A)

STI reading

STI vs SPL in a perfect environment

Sheet1

Octave Band Hz125& 2505001,0002,0004,0008,000

First modulation frequency1.000.632.001.250.802.50

Second Modulation Frequency5.003.1510.006.254.0012.50

Level50556065707580859095100105110

STI0.90.930.980.9910.970.960.950.930.840.780.730.69

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

STI

SPL in dB(A)

STI reading

STI vs SPL in a perfect environment

Sheet2

Sheet3

Figure 3. SPL vs STI reading according to NTI Audio, XL2

Creating an Accurate Model

Reverberation Time

The influence of open tunnel ends

Chart1

0.0281501340.06976744190.1176470588

0.02247191010.05617977530.0956937799

0.01778154110.04477611940.0769230769

0.01427600270.03614457830.0625

0.01145350420.02912621360.0506329114

0.00897052540.02290076340.04

0.00718931870.0184049080.0322580645

0.00575973670.01477832510.025974026

0.0045766590.01176470590.0207253886

0.00360762760.00928792570.0163934426

0.00288818590.00744416870.0131578947

0.0022935780.00591715980.0104712042

0.00180707340.00466562990.0082644628

0.00144618140.003735990.0066225166

0.00115727980.00299102690.0053050398

0.00090435380.00233826970.0041493776

0.00072361390.0018714910.0033222591

0.00057897490.00149775340.0026595745

0.00045955880.00118906060.0021119324

0.00036193790.00093662190.0016638935

0.00028957130.00074943790.0013315579

0.00022983220.0005948840.0010570825

0.00018100170.00046853040.0008326395

0.00014480660.00037485940.0006662225

0.00011584860.000299910.000533049

0.0000905090.00023432010.0004164931

0.00007240850.00018746490.0003332223

Egress Tunnel

Bus Tunnel

Road Tunnel

Tunnel Length in Metres

Area of ends as portion of total surface area in percent

Sheet1

Octave Band Hz125& 2505001,0002,0004,0008,000


Second Modulation Frequency5.003.1510.006.254.0012.50Bus Tunnel 60m2 cross sectionMulti Lane road Tunnel 200 m2 cross sectionEgress Tunnel 8.4 m2 cross section

Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .01Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.01Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.01Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05

503.373.183.012.852.263.463.343.223.122.672.912.582.312.11.42

634.133.853.603.392.64.314.123.963.83.163.442.992.642.361.54

805.054.644.293.992.945.365.084.834.613.724.033.422.982.631.66

1006.025.464.994.593.276.526.125.775.454.274.613.843.292.871.75

Level505560657075808590951001051101257.126.355.735.213.587.867.306.816.384.835.214.253.593.11.83

STI0.90.930.980.9910.970.960.950.930.840.780.730.691608.467.406.575.913.99.578.768.077.485.455.894.693.93.331.91

2009.778.387.346.524.1711.3110.209.288.515.996.485.064.153.511.98

25011.149.388.107.124.4113.2111.7310.549.576.517.055.414.383.682.03

31512.5910.408.857.694.6315.3313.3811.8610.657.017.65.734.593.822.07

40014.0911.149.578.244.8317.6415.1113.2111.737.478.126.024.773.952.11

50015.4512.2810.188.694.9819.8416.7114.4212.687.858.556.254.924.052.14

63016.7913.1210.759.115.1222.1118.3015.613.588.28.946.465.054.142.16

80018.0613.8911.279.475.2424.3819.8416.7114.428.519.296.645.164.222.19

1,00019.1314.5211.689.775.3326.3921.1517.6415.118.759.576.785.254.272.2

1,25020.0915.0612.0310.015.428.2522.3418.4515.718.959.86.95.324.322.21

1,60021.0115.5712.3610.245.4730.1023.4919.2416.289.1410.0175.384.362.22

0.012,00021.7215.9612.6110.415.5231.5824.3819.8416.719.2710.177.085.424.392.23

0.0152,50022.3216.2912.8110.545.5632.8725.1520.3417.079.3910.37.145.464.422.24

0.023,15022.8416.5612.9810.665.5934.0125.8120.7817.379.4810.417.25.494.442.24

0.0254,00023.2816.8013.1210.765.6235.0126.3921.1517.639.5610.57.245.524.452.25

0.035,00023.6316.9813.2310.835.6435.7926.8321.4417.839.6210.577.275.544.462.25

6,30023.9117.1313.3210.895.6536.4627.2121.68189.6710.637.35.554.482.25

8,00024.1617.2513.410.945.6737.0227.5221.8818.149.7110.687.325.574.482.26

10,00024.3417.3413.4610.985.6837.4527.7622.0318.249.7410.717.345.574.492.26

0.03512,50024.4917.4213.511.015.6937.8027.9522.1518.339.7710.747.355.584.52.26

0.0416,00024.6217.4813.5411.045.6938.1228.1222.2618.49.7910.777.365.594.52.26

20,00024.7117.5313.5711.065.7038.3428.2522.3418.459.810.787.375.594.52.26

0.045Error caused by modelling a 500m bus tunnel at 100metres to save computation time

0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.015 = 0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.025

0.055Error on seconds9.436.825.194.101.7113.3210.593.942.411.631.18

0.06Error in %61%56%51%47%34%67%63%46%39%33%29%

0.065

0.07

0.075

0.08

Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth ConcreteEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)

503.183.012.853.343.223.122.582.312.11.42

633.853.603.394.123.963.82.992.642.361.54

804.644.293.995.084.834.613.422.982.631.66

1005.464.994.596.125.775.453.843.292.871.75

1256.355.735.217.306.816.384.253.593.11.83

1607.406.575.918.768.077.484.693.93.331.91

2008.387.346.5210.209.288.515.064.153.511.98

2509.388.107.1211.7310.549.575.414.383.682.03

31510.408.857.6913.3811.8610.655.734.593.822.07

40011.149.578.2415.1113.2111.736.024.773.952.11

50012.2810.188.6916.7114.4212.686.254.924.052.14

63013.1210.759.1118.3015.613.586.465.054.142.16

80013.8911.279.4719.8416.7114.426.645.164.222.19

1,00014.5211.689.7721.1517.6415.116.785.254.272.2

1,25015.0612.0310.0122.3418.4515.716.95.324.322.21

1,60015.5712.3610.2423.4919.2416.2875.384.362.22

2,00015.9612.6110.4124.3819.8416.717.085.424.392.23

2,50016.2912.8110.5425.1520.3417.077.145.464.422.24

3,15016.5612.9810.6625.8120.7817.377.25.494.442.24

4,00016.8013.1210.7626.3921.1517.637.245.524.452.25

5,00016.9813.2310.8326.8321.4417.837.275.544.462.25

6,30017.1313.3210.8927.2121.68187.35.554.482.25

8,00017.2513.410.9427.5221.8818.147.325.574.482.26

10,00017.3413.4610.9827.7622.0318.247.345.574.492.26

12,50017.4213.511.0127.9522.1518.337.355.584.52.26

16,00017.4813.5411.0428.1222.2618.47.365.594.52.26

20,00017.5313.5711.0628.2522.3418.457.375.594.52.26

Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015

503.183.342.58

633.854.122.99

804.645.083.42

1005.466.123.84

1256.357.304.25

1607.408.764.69

2008.3810.205.06

2509.3811.735.41

31510.4013.385.73

40011.1415.116.02

50012.2816.716.250.61

63013.1218.306.460.37

80013.8919.846.64

1,00014.5221.156.78

1,25015.0622.346.9

1,60015.5723.497

2,00015.9624.387.08

2,50016.2925.157.14

3,15016.5625.817.2

4,00016.8026.397.24

5,00016.9826.837.27

6,30017.1327.217.3

8,00017.2527.527.32

10,00017.3427.767.34

12,50017.4227.957.35

16,00017.4828.127.36

value assinged to tunnel surfacesRT60 in secondsReverberation Time vs surface absorption for 2,000 m tunnel20,00017.5328.257.37

0.00544.71 value assinged to tunnel surfacesRT60 in seconds

0.0131.580.002556.40

0.01524.380.00544.71

0.0219.840.007537.02

0.02516.710.0131.58

0.0314.420.01524.38

0.03512.670.0219.84

0.0411.30.02516.71

0.04510.190.0314.42

0.059.270.03512.67

0.0558.510.0411.3

0.067.850.04510.19

0.0657.290.059.27

0.076.80.0558.51

0.0756.370.067.85

0.085.990.0657.29

0.0855.650.076.8

0.095.340.0756.37

0.0955.060.085.99

0.14.820.0855.65

0.1054.590.095.34

0.114.380.0955.06

0.1154.190.14.82

0.124.010.1054.59

0.1253.850.114.38

0.133.70.1154.19

0.1353.560.124.01

0.143.430.1253.85

0.1453.310.133.7

0.153.190.1353.56

0.1553.090.143.43

0.162.980.1453.31

0.1652.890.153.19

0.172.80.1553.09

0.1752.710.162.98

0.182.630.1652.89

0.1852.560.172.8

0.192.490.1752.71

0.1952.420.182.63

0.22.350.1852.56

0.192.49

0.1952.42

0.22.35

Sheet1

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RT60 in seconds

Alpha Value of Tunnel materials

Reverberation time in seconds

RT60 in seconds vs tunnel absorption for 2,000 m tunnel

Sheet2

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RT60 in seconds

Alpha Value of tunnel surfaces except ends


Arrival time - spheres in egres

Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015

Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)



June 13 tests






Sheet4

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Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015



Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015

Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete


Sheet3

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Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)

RT60 vs Length for egress tunnel, busway tunnel & public road tunnel alpha values .015, .02, & .025

000

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Tunnel Reverberation Time vs Length of Tunnel for three tunnel types

Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (Compressed Clay Brick)Tunnel Length in metresRoad Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (compressed Clay Brick)Tunnel Length in metresEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth ConcreteEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)

503.183.012.852.26503.343.223.122.67502.582.312.11.42

633.853.603.392.6634.123.963.83.16632.992.642.361.54

804.644.293.992.94805.084.834.613.72803.422.982.631.66

1005.464.994.593.271006.125.775.454.271003.843.292.871.75

1256.355.735.213.581257.306.816.384.831254.253.593.11.83

1607.406.575.913.91608.768.077.485.451604.693.93.331.91

2008.387.346.524.1720010.209.288.515.992005.064.153.511.98

2509.388.107.124.4125011.7310.549.576.512505.414.383.682.03

31510.408.857.694.6331513.3811.8610.657.013155.734.593.822.07

40011.149.578.244.8340015.1113.2111.737.474006.024.773.952.11

50012.2810.188.694.9850016.7114.4212.687.855006.254.924.052.14

63013.1210.759.115.1263018.3015.613.588.26306.465.054.142.16

80013.8911.279.475.2480019.8416.7114.428.518006.645.164.222.19

1,00014.5211.689.775.331,00021.1517.6415.118.751,0006.785.254.272.2

1,25015.0612.0310.015.41,25022.3418.4515.718.951,2506.95.324.322.21

1,60015.5712.3610.245.471,60023.4919.2416.289.141,60075.384.362.22

2,00015.9612.6110.415.522,00024.3819.8416.719.272,0007.085.424.392.23

2,50016.2912.8110.545.562,50025.1520.3417.079.392,5007.145.464.422.24

3,15016.5612.9810.665.593,15025.8120.7817.379.483,1507.25.494.442.24

4,00016.8013.1210.765.624,00026.3921.1517.639.564,0007.245.524.452.25

5,00016.9813.2310.835.645,00026.8321.4417.839.625,0007.275.544.462.25

6,30017.1313.3210.895.656,30027.2121.68189.676,3007.35.554.482.25

8,00017.2513.410.945.678,00027.5221.8818.149.718,0007.325.574.482.26

10,00017.3413.4610.985.6810,00027.7622.0318.249.7410,0007.345.574.492.26

12,50017.4213.511.015.6912,50027.9522.1518.339.7712,5007.355.584.52.26

16,00017.4813.5411.045.6916,00028.1222.2618.49.7916,0007.365.594.52.26

20,00017.5313.5711.065.7020,00028.2522.3418.459.820,0007.375.594.52.26

Tunnel Length in metresRoad Tunnel = .015Road Tunnel = .02Road Tunnel = .025Bus Tunnel = .015Bus Tunnel = .02Bus Tunnel = .025Egress Tunnel = .015Egress Tunnel = .02Egress Tunnel = .025Egress Tunnel = .05

503.343.223.123.183.012.852.582.312.11.42

634.123.963.83.853.603.392.992.642.361.54

805.084.834.614.644.293.993.422.982.631.66

1006.125.775.455.464.994.593.843.292.871.75

1257.306.816.386.355.735.214.253.593.11.83

1608.768.077.487.406.575.914.693.93.331.91

20010.209.288.518.387.346.525.064.153.511.98

25011.7310.549.579.388.107.125.414.383.682.03

31513.3811.8610.6510.408.857.695.734.593.822.07

40015.1113.2111.7311.149.578.246.024.773.952.11

50016.7114.4212.6812.2810.188.696.254.924.052.14

63018.3015.613.5813.1210.759.116.465.054.142.16

80019.8416.7114.4213.8911.279.476.645.164.222.19

1,00021.1517.6415.1114.5211.689.776.785.254.272.2

1,25022.3418.4515.7115.0612.0310.016.95.324.322.21

1,60023.4919.2416.2815.5712.3610.2475.384.362.22

2,00024.3819.8416.7115.9612.6110.417.085.424.392.23

2,50025.1520.3417.0716.2912.8110.547.145.464.422.24

3,15025.8120.7817.3716.5612.9810.667.25.494.442.24

4,00026.3921.1517.6316.8013.1210.767.245.524.452.25

5,00026.8321.4417.8316.9813.2310.837.275.544.462.25

6,30027.2121.681817.1313.3210.897.35.554.482.25

8,00027.5221.8818.1417.2513.410.947.325.574.482.26

10,00027.7622.0318.2417.3413.4610.987.345.574.492.26

12,50027.9522.1518.3317.4213.511.017.355.584.52.26

16,00028.1222.2618.417.4813.5411.047.365.594.52.26

20,00028.2522.3418.4517.5313.5711.067.375.594.52.26




Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (Compressed Clay Brick)

Bus Tunnel - (60m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces




Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (compressed Clay Brick)

Public Tunnel ( 200 m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces





Egress Tunnel (8.4m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces

Bus Tunnel = .015

Bus Tunnel = .02

Bus Tunnel = .025

Road Tunnel = .015

Road Tunnel = .02

Road Tunnel = .025

Egress Tunnel = .015

Egress Tunnel = .02


Egress Tunnel = .05

Tunnel Length in metres

Reverberation Time in seconds

Road Tunnel = .015

Road Tunnel = .02

Road Tunnel = .025

Bus Tunnel = .015

Bus Tunnel = .02

Bus Tunnel = .025


Egress Tunnel = .02


Egress Tunnel = .05


Reverberation Time in Seconds

Loudspeaker spacing in metresSTI foR seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresSTI for seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)STI forListener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)

3.0m0.9040.9174.0m0.8980.892

3.5m0.9070.9125.0m0.8970.886

4.0m0.9120.9146.0m0.9040.8910.897

4.5m0.9130.9127.0m0.8940.8870.888

5.0m0.9150.9098.0m0.8960.8890.892

5.25m0.9150.9079.0m0.8880.8840.894

5.5m0.9160.90410.0m0.8850.8850.885

6.0m0.9170.89611.0m0.8830.880.881

6.5m0.9220.89312.0m0.880.8820.886

7m0.9260.89213.0m0.8820.880.889

7.5m0.9310.89114.0m0.8790.8740.883

8m0.9340.89215.0m0.8780.8830.887

8.5m0.9370.88616.0m0.8770.8770.886

9m0.940.88117.0m0.8760.8730.885

9.5m0.9440.88218.0m0.8820.8730.884

10m0.9460.87819.0m0.8810.870.881

20.0m0.8830.8680.88

Loudspeaker spacing in metresEK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresEK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)EK Grad for Listener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)

3.0m0.430.446.0m0.470.570.44

3.5m0.520.557.0m0.610.620.41

4.0m0.50.538.0m0.520.640.42

4.5m0.50.539.0m0.570.750.46

5.0m0.570.5410.0m0.580.760.46

5.5m0.560.4711.0m0.630.810.49

6.0m0.480.4912.0m0.640.890.56

6.5m0.470.5113.0m0.690.940.6

7m0.480.5414.0m0.71.030.56

7.5m0.490.615.0m0.741.070.69

8m0.630.6216.0m0.761.170.71

8.5m0.690.6117.0m0.791.20.71

9m0.650.6318.0m0.811.30.75

9.5m0.670.6219.0m0.831.340.74

10.0m0.60.6520.0m0.871.420.76

Loudspeaker spacing in metresEcho Criteria directly below sphere (S1)Echo Criteria between spheres (S2)Echo Criteria directly below Horn (S1)Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresEcho Criteria between spheres (S2)Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)

3.0 / 6.0m0.430.440.470.573.0 / 6.0m0.440.57

3.5 / 7.0m0.520.550.610.623.5 / 7.0m0.550.62

4.0 / 8.0m0.50.530.520.644.0 / 8.0m0.530.64

4.5 / 9.0m0.50.530.570.754.5 / 9.0m0.530.75

5.0 / 10m0.570.540.580.765.0 / 10m0.540.76

5.5 / 11m0.560.470.630.815.5 / 11m0.470.81

6.0 / 12m0.480.490.640.896.0 / 12m0.490.89

6.5 / 13m0.470.510.690.946.5 / 13m0.510.94

7 / 14m0.480.540.71.037 / 14m0.541.03

7.5 / 15m0.490.60.741.077.5 / 15m0.61.07

8 / 16m0.630.620.761.178 / 16m0.621.17

8.5 / 17m0.690.610.791.28.5 / 17m0.611.2

9 / 18m0.650.630.811.39 / 18m0.631.3

9.5 / 19m0.670.620.831.349.5 / 19m0.621.34

10.0 / 20m0.60.650.871.4210.0 / 20m0.651.42

STI foR seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)

STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)

STI vs loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - isotropic loudspeakers

STI for seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)


STI forListener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)

STI vs Loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - back to back horn speakers

EK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)

EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)

Echo Criteria vs speaker spacing in anechoic environment - isotropic loudspeakers

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

000



EK Grad for Listener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)

Echo Criteria vs loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - back to back horn speakers



00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00



Echo Criteria vs speaker spacing in anechoice environment - back to back horn spoeakers

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

Echo Criteria directly below sphere (S1)

Echo Criteria between spheres (S2)

Echo Criteria directly below Horn (S1)

Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)

Echo Criteria for increasing loudspeaker spacing - single spaced spheres and double spaced, back to back horns



STI foR seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)


Loudspeaker separation in metres

STI reading




Calculated STI reading




Calculated Echo Criteria Reading

Loudspeakers in 20m spaced line no delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle

Echo Criteria Seat 11.151.581.331.361.160.92


STI Seat 10.6630.6080.5870.5840.5760.75

STI Seat 20.7350.640.6080.5930.5720.696

Centre Time Seat 152ms85ms113ms116ms118ms31ms


Loudspeakers back to back in 40m spaced line no delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle



STI Seat 10.8620.7370.710.690.6460.872

STI Seat 20.770.7390.6850.6860.7050.755



Loudspeakers in 40m spaced line 118ms delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle



STI Seat 10.8870.8730.9280.930.9180.963

STI Seat 20.5760.8130.8780.8980.9230.998



Anechoic tests

20 m spacedBack to back 40m118ms Sequential delay

Medium HornsMedium HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium Horns

STI Seat 10.5050.6170.7360.7320.751

STI Seat 20.5330.5950.6860.6980.758

20 m spaced medium horns

No Noise Easera calcNo Noise XL2 MeasWith Noise Easera CalcWith Noise XL2 Meas

STI Seat 10.5870.570.505.5 *

STI Seat 20.6080.570.533.51 *

40 m spaced Back to back medium horns


STI Seat 10.710.640.617.57 *

STI Seat 20.6850.650.595.61 *

40 m spaced sequential delay premium horns


STI Seat 10.9180.930.7510.76 *

Ray Trace 800ms 5000000 rays BIR test resultsSTI Seat 20.9230.940.758.86 *

20 m spaced medium hornsBack to back 40mPremium Horns with 118ms seq. delay* - readings obtained by adding signal and noise and adjusting total level to ~ 70 dB(A)

Noise offWith NoiseNoise offWith NoiseNoise offWith Noise

Echo Criteria Seat 11.43


STI Seat 10.2310.211

STI Seat 20.2390.22

Centre Time Seat 1479ms

Centre Time Seat 2453ms

Road Tunnel Anechoic tests

Back to Back medium horns @ 40mBack to Back large Horns @ 40mBack to Back Premium horns @ 40mStraight Medium Horns @ 20mStraight large Horns @ 20mStraight Premium Horns 20mBack to Back large Horns @ 30mStraight largeHorns @ 15mSequential delayed horns @ 40mSequential Delayed HP Horns @ 40m

Direct Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise added

STI Seat 10.6960.6330.7120.6340.5590.5120.5640.5590.6450.567

STI Seat 20.6640.5960.6810.670.5370.520.580.5480.640.581

Echo Criteria Seat 12.571.992.432.071.561.241.411.442.151.04

Echo Criteria Seat 22.752.722.772.241.941.341.381.582.131.04

SPL - 1 Octave Sum Seat 1116 dB(Z)116 dB(Z)113 dB(Z)113 dB(Z)

SPL - 1 Octave Sum Seat 2114 DB(Z)114 DB(Z)114dBZ(Z)114dBZ(Z)

Centre Time Seat 1124ms114MS120ms156ms97ms126ms120ms105ms122ms110ms

Centre Time Seat 267ms77ms60ms80ms107ms102ms99ms109ms78ms100ms

125 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m125 ms Sequential delayed large horns @ 40m125 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m120 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m120 ms Sequential delayed Large horns @ 40m120 msSequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m

STI Seat 10.8560.8630.8290.8960.9040.879

STI Seat 20.8480.8380.8770.8480.8750.915





118 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m full power118 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m -10dB118 ms Sequential delayed Large horns @ 40m full power118 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m full power118 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m -10dB118 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m -20dB118 ms Bus ht Sequential Delayed Large Horns @ 40m118 ms Bus ht Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m

Direct Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise added

STI Seat 10.9160.7780.9160.7720.9250.7050.920.750.920.7750.920.7660.9740.961

STI Seat 20.8720.7480.8720.7360.8960.70.920.7370.920.7670.920.7530.880.91

Echo Criteria Seat 13.082.882.912.912.842.672.332.232.252.252.252.252.62.1

Echo Criteria Seat 23.393.153.193.193.212.892.761.772.332.332.332.333.422.72

SPL - 1 Octave Sum Seat 1112 dB(Z)112 dB(Z)102dB(Z)102dB(Z)109dB(Z)109dB(Z)121dB(Z)121dB(Z)111dB(Z)111dB(Z)101 dB(Z)101dB(Z)

SPL - 1 Octave Sum Seat 2112 dB(Z)112 dB(Z)102dB(Z)102dB(Z)110dB(Z)110dB(Z)122dB(Z)122dB(Z)112 dB(Z)112 dB(Z)102 dB(Z)102 dB(Z)

Centre Time Seat 127ms27ms27ms27ms22ms22ms20ms17ms18ms18ms18ms18ms17ms16ms

Centre Time Seat 225ms25ms25ms25ms16ms18ms13ms15ms14ms14ms14ms14ms12ms6ms

Road Tunnel Anechoic tests with noise added

Back to Back medium horns @ 40mBack to Back large Horns @ 40mBack to Back Premium horns @ 40mStraight Medium Horns @ 20mNoise addedStraight large Horns @ 20mStraight Premium Horns 20m

STI Seat 10.3070.762

STI Seat 20.31


Echo Criteria Seat 2

Centre Time Seat 1

Centre Time Seat 2

125 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m125 ms Sequential delayed large horns @ 40m125 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m120 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m120 ms Sequential delayed Large horns @ 40m120 msSequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m

STI Seat 10.8560.8630.8290.8960.9040.879

STI Seat 20.8480.8380.8770.8480.8750.915





118 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m118 ms Sequential delayed Large horns @ 40m118 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m118 ms Bus ht Sequential Delayed Large Horns @ 40m118 ms Bus ht Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m

STI Seat 10.9160.9250.90.9740.961

STI Seat 20.8720.8960.920.880.91

Echo Criteria Seat 13.082.842.332.62.1

Echo Criteria Seat 23.393.212.763.422.72

Centre Time Seat 127ms22ms20ms17ms16ms

Centre Time Seat 225ms16ms13ms12ms6ms

STI Spheres 118 ms delaySTI Spheres 20m 0ms delay

Seat 10.8870.772

Seat 20.5760.735

Egress Tunnel

WHLEnd AreaTotal Area% end area / total areaTunnel Length in metresEgress TunnelBus TunnelRoad Tunnel

2.835016.8596.82.8150%502.82%6.98%11.76%

2.836316.8747.62.2472%632.25%5.62%9.57%

2.838016.8944.81.7782%801.78%4.48%7.69%

2.8310016.81176.81.4276%1001.43%3.61%6.25%

2.8312516.81466.81.1454%1251.15%2.91%5.06%

2.8316016.81872.80.8971%1600.90%2.29%4.00%

2.8320016.82336.80.7189%2000.72%1.84%3.23%

2.8325016.82916.80.5760%2500.58%1.48%2.60%

2.8331516.83670.80.4577%3150.46%1.18%2.07%

2.8340016.84656.80.3608%4000.36%0.93%1.64%

2.8350016.85816.80.2888%5000.29%0.74%1.32%

2.8363016.87324.80.2294%6300.23%0.59%1.05%

2.8380016.89296.80.1807%8000.18%0.47%0.83%

2.83100016.811616.80.1446%1,0000.14%0.37%0.66%

2.83125016.814516.80.1157%1,2500.12%0.30%0.53%

2.83160016.818576.80.0904%1,6000.09%0.23%0.41%

2.83200016.823216.80.0724%2,0000.07%0.19%0.33%

2.83250016.829016.80.0579%2,5000.06%0.15%0.27%

2.83315016.836556.80.0460%3,1500.05%0.12%0.21%

2.83400016.846416.80.0362%4,0000.04%0.09%0.17%

2.83500016.858016.80.0290%5,0000.03%0.07%0.13%

2.83630016.873096.80.0230%6,3000.02%0.06%0.11%

2.83800016.892816.80.0181%8,0000.02%0.05%0.08%

2.831000016.8116016.80.0145%10,0000.01%0.04%0.07%

2.831250016.8145016.80.0116%12,5000.01%0.03%0.05%

2.831600016.8185616.80.0091%16,0000.01%0.02%0.04%

2.832000016.8232016.80.0072%20,0000.01%0.02%0.03%

Bus Tunnel

WHLEnd AreaTotal Area% end area / total areaTunnel Length in metres% end area / total area

1065012017206.9767%506.9767%

1066312021365.6180%635.6180%

1068012026804.4776%804.4776%

10610012033203.6145%1003.6145%

10612512041202.9126%1252.9126%

10616012052402.2901%1602.2901%

10620012065201.8405%2001.8405%

10625012081201.4778%2501.4778%

106315120102001.1765%3151.1765%

106400120129200.9288%4000.9288%

106500120161200.7444%5000.7444%OctaveIn ShedCorrected for Free Field

106630120202800.5917%6300.5917%63 Hz80.178.4

106800120257200.4666%8000.4666%125 Hz81.181

1061000120321200.3736%1,0000.3736%250 Hz85.686.6

1061250120401200.2991%1,2500.2991%500 Hz77.478.8

1061600120513200.2338%1,6000.2338%1,000 Hz79.578.2

1062000120641200.1871%2,0000.1871%2,000 Hz78.978.5

1062500120801200.1498%2,5000.1498%4,000 Hz7575.2

10631501201009200.1189%3,1500.1189%8,000 Hz70.171.8

10640001201281200.0937%4,0000.0937%

10650001201601200.0749%5,0000.0749%

10663001202017200.0595%6,3000.0595%

10680001202561200.0469%8,0000.0469%

106100001203201200.0375%10,0000.0375%

106125001204001200.0300%12,5000.0300%

106160001205121200.0234%16,0000.0234%

106200001206401200.0187%20,0000.0187%

Road Tunnel


201050400340011.7647%5011.7647%

20106340041809.5694%639.5694%

20108040052007.6923%807.6923%

201010040064006.2500%1006.2500%

201012540079005.0633%1255.0633%

2010160400100004.0000%1604.0000%

2010200400124003.2258%2003.2258%

2010250400154002.5974%2502.5974%

2010315400193002.0725%3152.0725%

2010400400244001.6393%4001.6393%

2010500400304001.3158%5001.3158%

2010630400382001.0471%6301.0471%

2010800400484000.8264%8000.8264%

20101000400604000.6623%1,0000.6623%

20101250400754000.5305%1,2500.5305%

20101600400964000.4149%1,6000.4149%

201020004001204000.3322%2,0000.3322%

201025004001504000.2660%2,5000.2660%

201031504001894000.2112%3,1500.2112%

201040004002404000.1664%4,0000.1664%

201050004003004000.1332%5,0000.1332%

201063004003784000.1057%6,3000.1057%

201080004004804000.0833%8,0000.0833%

2010100004006004000.0666%10,0000.0666%

2010125004007504000.0533%12,5000.0533%

2010160004009604000.0416%16,0000.0416%

20102000040012004000.0333%20,0000.0333%

Egress Tunnel

Bus Tunnel

Road Tunnel


Area of ends as portion of total surface area in percent

MBD0005EA62.xls

Sheet1

Octave Band Hz125& 2505001,0002,0004,0008,000




503.373.183.012.852.263.463.343.223.122.672.912.582.312.11.42

634.133.853.603.392.64.314.123.963.83.163.442.992.642.361.54

805.054.644.293.992.945.365.084.834.613.724.033.422.982.631.66

1006.025.464.994.593.276.526.125.775.454.274.613.843.292.871.75

Level505560657075808590951001051101257.126.355.735.213.587.867.306.816.384.835.214.253.593.11.83

STI0.90.930.980.9910.970.960.950.930.840.780.730.691608.467.406.575.913.99.578.768.077.485.455.894.693.93.331.91

2009.778.387.346.524.1711.3110.209.288.515.996.485.064.153.511.98

25011.149.388.107.124.4113.2111.7310.549.576.517.055.414.383.682.03

31512.5910.408.857.694.6315.3313.3811.8610.657.017.65.734.593.822.07

40014.0911.149.578.244.8317.6415.1113.2111.737.478.126.024.773.952.11

50015.4512.2810.188.694.9819.8416.7114.4212.687.858.556.254.924.052.14

63016.7913.1210.759.115.1222.1118.3015.613.588.28.946.465.054.142.16

80018.0613.8911.279.475.2424.3819.8416.7114.428.519.296.645.164.222.19

1,00019.1314.5211.689.775.3326.3921.1517.6415.118.759.576.785.254.272.2

1,25020.0915.0612.0310.015.428.2522.3418.4515.718.959.86.95.324.322.21

1,60021.0115.5712.3610.245.4730.1023.4919.2416.289.1410.0175.384.362.22

0.012,00021.7215.9612.6110.415.5231.5824.3819.8416.719.2710.177.085.424.392.23

0.0152,50022.3216.2912.8110.545.5632.8725.1520.3417.079.3910.37.145.464.422.24

0.023,15022.8416.5612.9810.665.5934.0125.8120.7817.379.4810.417.25.494.442.24

0.0254,00023.2816.8013.1210.765.6235.0126.3921.1517.639.5610.57.245.524.452.25

0.035,00023.6316.9813.2310.835.6435.7926.8321.4417.839.6210.577.275.544.462.25

6,30023.9117.1313.3210.895.6536.4627.2121.68189.6710.637.35.554.482.25

8,00024.1617.2513.410.945.6737.0227.5221.8818.149.7110.687.325.574.482.26

10,00024.3417.3413.4610.985.6837.4527.7622.0318.249.7410.717.345.574.492.26

0.03512,50024.4917.4213.511.015.6937.8027.9522.1518.339.7710.747.355.584.52.26

0.0416,00024.6217.4813.5411.045.6938.1228.1222.2618.49.7910.777.365.594.52.26

20,00024.7117.5313.5711.065.7038.3428.2522.3418.459.810.787.375.594.52.26


0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.015 = 0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.025

0.055Error on seconds9.436.825.194.101.7113.3210.593.942.411.631.18

0.06Error in %61%56%51%47%34%67%63%46%39%33%29%

0.065

0.07

0.075

0.08


503.183.012.853.343.223.122.582.312.11.42

633.853.603.394.123.963.82.992.642.361.54

804.644.293.995.084.834.613.422.982.631.66

1005.464.994.596.125.775.453.843.292.871.75

1256.355.735.217.306.816.384.253.593.11.83

1607.406.575.918.768.077.484.693.93.331.91

2008.387.346.5210.209.288.515.064.153.511.98

2509.388.107.1211.7310.549.575.414.383.682.03

31510.408.857.6913.3811.8610.655.734.593.822.07

40011.149.578.2415.1113.2111.736.024.773.952.11

50012.2810.188.6916.7114.4212.686.254.924.052.14

63013.1210.759.1118.3015.613.586.465.054.142.16

80013.8911.279.4719.8416.7114.426.645.164.222.19

1,00014.5211.689.7721.1517.6415.116.785.254.272.2

1,25015.0612.0310.0122.3418.4515.716.95.324.322.21

1,60015.5712.3610.2423.4919.2416.2875.384.362.22

2,00015.9612.6110.4124.3819.8416.717.085.424.392.23

2,50016.2912.8110.5425.1520.3417.077.145.464.422.24

3,15016.5612.9810.6625.8120.7817.377.25.494.442.24

4,00016.8013.1210.7626.3921.1517.637.245.524.452.25

5,00016.9813.2310.8326.8321.4417.837.275.544.462.25

6,30017.1313.3210.8927.2121.68187.35.554.482.25

8,00017.2513.410.9427.5221.8818.147.325.574.482.26

10,00017.3413.4610.9827.7622.0318.247.345.574.492.26

12,50017.4213.511.0127.9522.1518.337.355.584.52.26

16,00017.4813.5411.0428.1222.2618.47.365.594.52.26

20,00017.5313.5711.0628.2522.3418.457.375.594.52.26


503.183.342.58

633.854.122.99

804.645.083.42

1005.466.123.84

1256.357.304.25

1607.408.764.69

2008.3810.205.06

2509.3811.735.41

31510.4013.385.73

40011.1415.116.02

50012.2816.716.250.61

63013.1218.306.460.37

80013.8919.846.64

1,00014.5221.156.78

1,25015.0622.346.9

1,60015.5723.497

2,00015.9624.387.08

2,50016.2925.157.14

3,15016.5625.817.2

4,00016.8026.397.24

5,00016.9826.837.27

6,30017.1327.217.3

8,00017.2527.527.32

10,00017.3427.767.34

12,50017.4227.957.35

16,00017.4828.127.36



0.0131.580.002556.40

0.01524.380.00544.71

0.0219.840.007537.02

0.02516.710.0131.58

0.0314.420.01524.38

0.03512.670.0219.84

0.0411.30.02516.71

0.04510.190.0314.42

0.059.270.03512.67

0.0558.510.0411.3

0.067.850.04510.19

0.0657.290.059.27

0.076.80.0558.51

0.0756.370.067.85

0.085.990.0657.29

0.0855.650.076.8

0.095.340.0756.37

0.0955.060.085.99

0.14.820.0855.65

0.1054.590.095.34

0.114.380.0955.06

0.1154.190.14.82

0.124.010.1054.59

0.1253.850.114.38

0.133.70.1154.19

0.1353.560.124.01

0.143.430.1253.85

0.1453.310.133.7

0.153.190.1353.56

0.1553.090.143.43

0.162.980.1453.31

0.1652.890.153.19

0.172.80.1553.09

0.1752.710.162.98

0.182.630.1652.89

0.1852.560.172.8

0.192.490.1752.71

0.1952.420.182.63

0.22.350.1852.56

0.192.49

0.1952.42

0.22.35

Sheet1

RT60 in seconds




Sheet2

RT60 in seconds



2,00m tunnel with 200m2 cross section - RT60 vs tunnel absorption - increments of 0.005

Sheet3










000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000

000000000




















RT60 vs Length for egress tunnel, busway tunnel & public road tunnel various materials






503.183.012.852.26503.343.223.122.67502.582.312.11.42

633.853.603.392.6634.123.963.83.16632.992.642.361.54

804.644.293.992.94805.084.834.613.72803.422.982.631.66

1005.464.994.593.271006.125.775.454.271003.843.292.871.75

1256.355.735.213.581257.306.816.384.831254.253.593.11.83

1607.406.575.913.91608.768.077.485.451604.693.93.331.91

2008.387.346.524.1720010.209.288.515.992005.064.153.511.98

2509.388.107.124.4125011.7310.549.576.512505.414.383.682.03

31510.408.857.694.6331513.3811.8610.657.013155.734.593.822.07

40011.149.578.244.8340015.1113.2111.737.474006.024.773.952.11

50012.2810.188.694.9850016.7114.4212.687.855006.254.924.052.14

63013.1210.759.115.1263018.3015.613.588.26306.465.054.142.16

80013.8911.279.475.2480019.8416.7114.428.518006.645.164.222.19

1,00014.5211.689.775.331,00021.1517.6415.118.751,0006.785.254.272.2

1,25015.0612.0310.015.41,25022.3418.4515.718.951,2506.95.324.322.21

1,60015.5712.3610.245.471,60023.4919.2416.289.141,60075.384.362.22

2,00015.9612.6110.415.522,00024.3819.8416.719.272,0007.085.424.392.23

2,50016.2912.8110.545.562,50025.1520.3417.079.392,5007.145.464.422.24

3,15016.5612.9810.665.593,15025.8120.7817.379.483,1507.25.494.442.24

4,00016.8013.1210.765.624,00026.3921.1517.639.564,0007.245.524.452.25

5,00016.9813.2310.835.645,00026.8321.4417.839.625,0007.275.544.462.25

6,30017.1313.3210.895.656,30027.2121.68189.676,3007.35.554.482.25

8,00017.2513.410.945.678,00027.5221.8818.149.718,0007.325.574.482.26

10,00017.3413.4610.985.6810,00027.7622.0318.249.7410,0007.345.574.492.26

12,50017.4213.511.015.6912,50027.9522.1518.339.7712,5007.355.584.52.26

16,00017.4813.5411.045.6916,00028.1222.2618.49.7916,0007.365.594.52.26

20,00017.5313.5711.065.7020,00028.2522.3418.459.820,0007.375.594.52.26
















Egress Tunnel

WHLEnd AreaTotal Area% end area / total areaTunnel Length in metresEgress Tunnel % end area / total areaBus Tunnel % end area / total areaRoad Tunnel % end area / total area

2.835016.8596.82.8150%502.82%6.98%11.76%

2.836316.8747.62.2472%632.25%5.62%9.57%

2.838016.8944.81.7782%801.78%4.48%7.69%

2.8310016.81176.81.4276%1001.43%3.61%6.25%

2.8312516.81466.81.1454%1251.15%2.91%5.06%

2.8316016.81872.80.8971%1600.90%2.29%4.00%

2.8320016.82336.80.7189%2000.72%1.84%3.23%

2.8325016.82916.80.5760%2500.58%1.48%2.60%

2.8331516.83670.80.4577%3150.46%1.18%2.07%

2.8340016.84656.80.3608%4000.36%0.93%1.64%

2.8350016.85816.80.2888%5000.29%0.74%1.32%

2.8363016.87324.80.2294%6300.23%0.59%1.05%

2.8380016.89296.80.1807%8000.18%0.47%0.83%

2.83100016.811616.80.1446%1,0000.14%0.37%0.66%

2.83125016.814516.80.1157%1,2500.12%0.30%0.53%

2.83160016.818576.80.0904%1,6000.09%0.23%0.41%

2.83200016.823216.80.0724%2,0000.07%0.19%0.33%

2.83250016.829016.80.0579%2,5000.06%0.15%0.27%

2.83315016.836556.80.0460%3,1500.05%0.12%0.21%

2.83400016.846416.80.0362%4,0000.04%0.09%0.17%

2.83500016.858016.80.0290%5,0000.03%0.07%0.13%

2.83630016.873096.80.0230%6,3000.02%0.06%0.11%

2.83800016.892816.80.0181%8,0000.02%0.05%0.08%

2.831000016.8116016.80.0145%10,0000.01%0.04%0.07%

2.831250016.8145016.80.0116%12,5000.01%0.03%0.05%

2.831600016.8185616.80.0091%16,0000.01%0.02%0.04%

2.832000016.8232016.80.0072%20,0000.01%0.02%0.03%

Bus Tunnel


1065012017206.9767%506.9767%

1066312021365.6180%635.6180%

1068012026804.4776%804.4776%

10610012033203.6145%1003.6145%

10612512041202.9126%1252.9126%

10616012052402.2901%1602.2901%

10620012065201.8405%2001.8405%

10625012081201.4778%2501.4778%

106315120102001.1765%3151.1765%

106400120129200.9288%4000.9288%

106500120161200.7444%5000.7444%OctaveIn ShedCorrected for Free Field

106630120202800.5917%6300.5917%63 Hz80.178.4

106800120257200.4666%8000.4666%125 Hz81.181

1061000120321200.3736%1,0000.3736%250 Hz85.686.6

1061250120401200.2991%1,2500.2991%500 Hz77.478.8

1061600120513200.2338%1,6000.2338%1,000 Hz79.578.2

1062000120641200.1871%2,0000.1871%2,000 Hz78.978.5

1062500120801200.1498%2,5000.1498%4,000 Hz7575.2

10631501201009200.1189%3,1500.1189%8,000 Hz70.171.8

10640001201281200.0937%4,0000.0937%

10650001201601200.0749%5,0000.0749%

10663001202017200.0595%6,3000.0595%

10680001202561200.0469%8,0000.0469%

106100001203201200.0375%10,0000.0375%

106125001204001200.0300%12,5000.0300%

106160001205121200.0234%16,0000.0234%

106200001206401200.0187%20,0000.0187%

Road Tunnel


201050400340011.7647%5011.7647%

20106340041809.5694%639.5694%

20108040052007.6923%807.6923%

201010040064006.2500%1006.2500%

201012540079005.0633%1255.0633%

2010160400100004.0000%1604.0000%

2010200400124003.2258%2003.2258%

2010250400154002.5974%2502.5974%

2010315400193002.0725%3152.0725%

2010400400244001.6393%4001.6393%

2010500400304001.3158%5001.3158%

2010630400382001.0471%6301.0471%

2010800400484000.8264%8000.8264%

20101000400604000.6623%1,0000.6623%

20101250400754000.5305%1,2500.5305%

20101600400964000.4149%1,6000.4149%

201020004001204000.3322%2,0000.3322%

201025004001504000.2660%2,5000.2660%

201031504001894000.2112%3,1500.2112%

201040004002404000.1664%4,0000.1664%

201050004003004000.1332%5,0000.1332%

201063004003784000.1057%6,3000.1057%

201080004004804000.0833%8,0000.0833%

2010100004006004000.0666%10,0000.0666%

2010125004007504000.0533%12,5000.0533%

2010160004009604000.0416%16,0000.0416%

20102000040012004000.0333%20,0000.0333%

0.0281501340.06976744190.1176470588

0.02247191010.05617977530.0956937799

0.01778154110.04477611940.0769230769

0.01427600270.03614457830.0625

0.01145350420.02912621360.0506329114

0.00897052540.02290076340.04

0.00718931870.0184049080.0322580645

0.00575973670.01477832510.025974026

0.0045766590.01176470590.0207253886

0.00360762760.00928792570.0163934426

0.00288818590.00744416870.0131578947

0.0022935780.00591715980.0104712042

0.00180707340.00466562990.0082644628

0.00144618140.003735990.0066225166

0.00115727980.00299102690.0053050398

0.00090435380.00233826970.0041493776

0.00072361390.0018714910.0033222591

0.00057897490.00149775340.0026595745

0.00045955880.00118906060.0021119324

0.00036193790.00093662190.0016638935

0.00028957130.00074943790.0013315579

0.00022983220.0005948840.0010570825

0.00018100170.00046853040.0008326395

0.00014480660.00037485940.0006662225

0.00011584860.000299910.000533049

0.0000905090.00023432010.0004164931

0.00007240850.00018746490.0003332223

Egress Tunnel % end area / total area

Bus Tunnel % end area / total area

Road Tunnel % end area / total area

Cross section area as % of total surface area vs length for various tunnels

Figure 4. Graph showing proportion of total tunnel surface occupied by ends vs. length in metres for three tunnel sizes.

Putting that another wayTunnel cross section 10m (H) * 20 m (W)

Chart2

0.13

0.07

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.01

Avge

Avge vs Length for wall alpha of 0.01

D-R ratio

Direct / Reverberant Ratio in dB

Wall valueRT60 in SecondsD/R 1m from sourceD/R 10m from sourceD/R 50m from sourceSTI 1m from sourceSTI 10m from sourceSTI 50m from sourceWall valueSTI 10m from sourceSTI 50m from sourceRT60 in SecondsRT60 in SecondsRT60 in SecondsSTI 50m from source

0.90.2347.527.513.51110.9110.230.230.231

0.80.3342.922.88.8110.960.810.960.330.330.330.96

0.70.4539.919.85.7110.90.710.90.450.450.450.9

Wall valueRT60 in SecondsD/R 1m from sourceD/R 10m from sourceD/R 50m from sourceSTI 1m from sourceSTI 10m from sourceSTI 50m from sourceWall valueSTI *100, 10m from sourceSTI *100, 50m from sourceRT60 in Seconds *3RT60 in Seconds *3RT60 in Seconds *3STI *100, 50m from source

0.60.5937.517.43.3110.830.6100831.771.771.7783

.590.637.217.23110.83.59100831.81.81.883

.580.6237172.8110.82.58100821.861.861.8682

.570.6436.816.82.6110.81.57100811.921.921.9281

.560.6536.616.52.4110.8.56100801.951.951.9580

.550.6736.416.32.1110.8.55100802.012.012.01802.0180

.540.6936.116.11.9110.79.54100792.072.072.07793.0369

.530.7135.915.91.7110.79.53100792.132.132.13793.9962

.520.7335.715.71.5110.78.52100782.192.192.19785.0457

.510.7535.515.51.3110.77.51100772.252.252.25776.0653

0.50.7735.315.31.1110.76.5100762.312.312.31767.0550

.490.835.1150.86110.76.49100762.42.42.4767.848

.480.8234.814.80.65110.75.48100752.462.462.4675945

.470.8434.614.60.44110.74.47100742.522.522.527410.2943

.460.8734.414.40.2110.73.46100732.612.612.617311.142

.450.934.214.20110.72.45100722.72.72.7721240

.440.923414-0.2110.72.44100722.762.762.76721339

.430.9533.813.8-0.4110.71.43100712.852.852.85711437

.420.9833.613.6-0.610.990.7.4299702.942.942.94701536.5

.411.0133.413.4-0.810.990.69.4199693.033.033.0369

0.41.0533.213.1-110.990.680.499683.153.153.1568

.391.083312.9-1.210.990.68.3999683.243.243.2468

.381.1232.812.7-1.510.980.67.3898673.363.363.3667

.371.1532.512.5-1.6710.980.66.3798663.453.453.4566

.361.1932.312.3-1.910.970.65.3697653.573.573.5765

.351.2432.112.1-2.110.970.64.3597643.723.723.7264

.341.2831.911.8-2.310.960.63.3496633.843.843.8463

.331.3331.711.6-2.610.960.62.3396623.993.993.9962

.321.3831.411.4-2.810.950.61.3295614.144.144.1461

.311.4331.211.2-310.950.61.3195614.294.294.2961

0.31.493110.9-3.210.940.60.394604.474.474.4760

.291.5530.710.7-3.510.930.59.2993594.654.654.6559

0.281.6130.510.5-3.710.930.580.2893584.834.834.8358

.271.6830.310.2-410.920.57.2792575.045.045.0457

0.261.763010-4.210.910.560.2691565.285.285.2856

.251.8429.89.7-4.410.90.55.2590555.525.525.5255

0.241.9229.59.5-4.710.890.540.2489545.765.765.7654

.232.0229.29.2-510.890.53.2389536.066.066.0653

0.222.12298.9-5.210.880.520.2288526.366.366.3652

.212.2328.78.7-5.510.870.51.2187516.696.696.6951

0.22.3528.48.4-5.810.850.50.285507.057.057.0550

.192.528.18.1-6.110.840.49.1984497.57.57.549

.182.627.87.8-6.410.830.48.1883487.87.87.848

.172.827.57.5-6.710.820.47.1782478.48.48.447

.16327.177.1-710.810.45.16814599945

.153.1926.86.8-7.410.790.44.1579449.579.579.5744

.143.4326.56.4-7.810.780.43.14784310.2910.2910.2943

.133.726.16-8.110.770.42.13774211.111.111.142

.12425.75.6-8.510.750.4.12754012121240

.114.3825.35.2-910.740.39.11743913.1413.1413.1439

0.14.8224.84.8-9.410.720.370.1723714.4614.4614.4637

0.095.3424.34.3-9.910.710.360.09713616.0216.0216.0236

0.085.9923.83.7-10.510.690.340.08693417.9717.9717.9734

0.076.823.23.1-11.110.670.320.07673220.420.420.432

0.067.8522.52.4-11.710.650.30.06653023.5523.5523.5530

0.059.2721.71.7-12.510.630.280.05632827.8127.8127.8128

0.0411.320.80.8-13.410.60.250.04602533.933.933.925

0.0314.419.7-0.3-14.510.570.220.03572243.243.243.222

0.0219.8418.3-1.8-15.910.530.190.02531959.5259.5259.5219

0.0131.5816.2-3.8-1810.480.150.01481594.7494.7494.7415

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

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D-R ratio

STI *100, 10m from source


RT60 in Seconds *3

Absorption Coefficient in .01 increments

STI * 100, RT60 * 3

STI Vs Abs Coefficient for 2Km Tunnel w source in centre

RT50 vs avge alpha

RT60 in Seconds

D/R 1m from source

D/R 10m from source

D/R 50m from source

Absorption Coefficient in .01 steps

D-R ratio in dB, RT60 in seconds

D-R Ratio vs Abs. Coefficient for 2 Km Tunnel w source in centre

Sheet3

RT60 in Seconds *3


L in mAvge

500.13

1000.07

1500.04

2000.04

2500.04

3000.03

3500.03

4000.03

4500.02

5000.02

5500.02

6000.02

6500.02

7000.02

7500.02

8000.02

8500.02

9000.02

9500.02

10000.02

10500.02

11000.02

11500.02

12000.02

12500.02

13000.02

13500.01

L in m5010015020025030035040045050055060065070075080085090095010001050110011501200125013001350

Avge 0.130.070.040.040.040.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.01

Average alpha value vs Length for wall alpha 0.01

Avge

Avge vs Length for wall alpha of 0.01

The influence of surface material choiceReverberation Time in Seconds

Chart2

44.71

31.58

24.38

19.84

16.71

14.42

12.67

11.3

10.19

9.27

8.51

7.85

7.29

6.8

6.37

5.99

5.65

5.34

5.06

4.82

4.59

4.38

4.19

4.01

3.85

3.7

3.56

3.43

3.31

3.19

3.09

2.98

2.89

2.8

2.71

2.63

2.56

2.49

2.42

2.35

RT60 in seconds



Sheet1

Octave Band Hz125& 2505001,0002,0004,0008,000




503.373.183.012.852.263.463.343.223.122.672.912.582.312.11.42

634.133.853.603.392.64.314.123.963.83.163.442.992.642.361.54

805.054.644.293.992.945.365.084.834.613.724.033.422.982.631.66

1006.025.464.994.593.276.526.125.775.454.274.613.843.292.871.75

Level505560657075808590951001051101257.126.355.735.213.587.867.306.816.384.835.214.253.593.11.83

STI0.90.930.980.9910.970.960.950.930.840.780.730.691608.467.406.575.913.99.578.768.077.485.455.894.693.93.331.91

2009.778.387.346.524.1711.3110.209.288.515.996.485.064.153.511.98

25011.149.388.107.124.4113.2111.7310.549.576.517.055.414.383.682.03

31512.5910.408.857.694.6315.3313.3811.8610.657.017.65.734.593.822.07

40014.0911.149.578.244.8317.6415.1113.2111.737.478.126.024.773.952.11

50015.4512.2810.188.694.9819.8416.7114.4212.687.858.556.254.924.052.14

63016.7913.1210.759.115.1222.1118.3015.613.588.28.946.465.054.142.16

80018.0613.8911.279.475.2424.3819.8416.7114.428.519.296.645.164.222.19

1,00019.1314.5211.689.775.3326.3921.1517.6415.118.759.576.785.254.272.2

1,25020.0915.0612.0310.015.428.2522.3418.4515.718.959.86.95.324.322.21

1,60021.0115.5712.3610.245.4730.1023.4919.2416.289.1410.0175.384.362.22

0.012,00021.7215.9612.6110.415.5231.5824.3819.8416.719.2710.177.085.424.392.23

0.0152,50022.3216.2912.8110.545.5632.8725.1520.3417.079.3910.37.145.464.422.24

0.023,15022.8416.5612.9810.665.5934.0125.8120.7817.379.4810.417.25.494.442.24

0.0254,00023.2816.8013.1210.765.6235.0126.3921.1517.639.5610.57.245.524.452.25

0.035,00023.6316.9813.2310.835.6435.7926.8321.4417.839.6210.577.275.544.462.25

6,30023.9117.1313.3210.895.6536.4627.2121.68189.6710.637.35.554.482.25

8,00024.1617.2513.410.945.6737.0227.5221.8818.149.7110.687.325.574.482.26

10,00024.3417.3413.4610.985.6837.4527.7622.0318.249.7410.717.345.574.492.26

0.03512,50024.4917.4213.511.015.6937.8027.9522.1518.339.7710.747.355.584.52.26

0.0416,00024.6217.4813.5411.045.6938.1228.1222.2618.49.7910.777.365.594.52.26

20,00024.7117.5313.5711.065.7038.3428.2522.3418.459.810.787.375.594.52.26


0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.015 = 0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.025

0.055Error on seconds9.436.825.194.101.7113.3210.593.942.411.631.18

0.06Error in %61%56%51%47%34%67%63%46%39%33%29%

0.065

0.07

0.075

0.08


503.183.012.853.343.223.122.582.312.11.42

633.853.603.394.123.963.82.992.642.361.54

804.644.293.995.084.834.613.422.982.631.66

1005.464.994.596.125.775.453.843.292.871.75

1256.355.735.217.306.816.384.253.593.11.83

1607.406.575.918.768.077.484.693.93.331.91

2008.387.346.5210.209.288.515.064.153.511.98

2509.388.107.1211.7310.549.575.414.383.682.03

31510.408.857.6913.3811.8610.655.734.593.822.07

40011.149.578.2415.1113.2111.736.024.773.952.11

50012.2810.188.6916.7114.4212.686.254.924.052.14

63013.1210.759.1118.3015.613.586.465.054.142.16

80013.8911.279.4719.8416.7114.426.645.164.222.19

1,00014.5211.689.7721.1517.6415.116.785.254.272.2

1,25015.0612.0310.0122.3418.4515.716.95.324.322.21

1,60015.5712.3610.2423.4919.2416.2875.384.362.22

2,00015.9612.6110.4124.3819.8416.717.085.424.392.23

2,50016.2912.8110.5425.1520.3417.077.145.464.422.24

3,15016.5612.9810.6625.8120.7817.377.25.494.442.24

4,00016.8013.1210.7626.3921.1517.637.245.524.452.25

5,00016.9813.2310.8326.8321.4417.837.275.544.462.25

6,30017.1313.3210.8927.2121.68187.35.554.482.25

8,00017.2513.410.9427.5221.8818.147.325.574.482.26

10,00017.3413.4610.9827.7622.0318.247.345.574.492.26

12,50017.4213.511.0127.9522.1518.337.355.584.52.26

16,00017.4813.5411.0428.1222.2618.47.365.594.52.26

20,00017.5313.5711.0628.2522.3418.457.375.594.52.26


503.183.342.58

633.854.122.99

804.645.083.42

1005.466.123.84

1256.357.304.25

1607.408.764.69

2008.3810.205.06

2509.3811.735.41

31510.4013.385.73

40011.1415.116.02

50012.2816.716.250.61

63013.1218.306.460.37

80013.8919.846.64

1,00014.5221.156.78

1,25015.0622.346.9

1,60015.5723.497

2,00015.9624.387.08

2,50016.2925.157.14

3,15016.5625.817.2

4,00016.8026.397.24

5,00016.9826.837.27

6,30017.1327.217.3

8,00017.2527.527.32

10,00017.3427.767.34

12,50017.4227.957.35

16,00017.4828.127.36



0.0131.580.002556.40

0.01524.380.00544.71

0.0219.840.007537.02

0.02516.710.0131.58

0.0314.420.01524.38

0.03512.670.0219.84

0.0411.30.02516.71

0.04510.190.0314.42

0.059.270.03512.67

0.0558.510.0411.3

0.067.850.04510.19

0.0657.290.059.27

0.076.80.0558.51

0.0756.370.067.85

0.085.990.0657.29

0.0855.650.076.8

0.095.340.0756.37

0.0955.060.085.99

0.14.820.0855.65

0.1054.590.095.34

0.114.380.0955.06

0.1154.190.14.82

0.124.010.1054.59

0.1253.850.114.38

0.133.70.1154.19

0.1353.560.124.01

0.143.430.1253.85

0.1453.310.133.7

0.153.190.1353.56

0.1553.090.143.43

0.162.980.1453.31

0.1652.890.153.19

0.172.80.1553.09

0.1752.710.162.98

0.182.630.1652.89

0.1852.560.172.8

0.192.490.1752.71

0.1952.420.182.63

0.22.350.1852.56

0.192.49

0.1952.42

0.22.35

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RT60 in seconds




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RT60 in seconds



Arrival time - spheres in egres

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June 13 tests

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Sheet3

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RT60 vs Length for egress tunnel, busway tunnel & public road tunnel various materials

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503.183.012.852.26503.343.223.122.67502.582.312.11.42

633.853.603.392.6634.123.963.83.16632.992.642.361.54

804.644.293.992.94805.084.834.613.72803.422.982.631.66

1005.464.994.593.271006.125.775.454.271003.843.292.871.75

1256.355.735.213.581257.306.816.384.831254.253.593.11.83

1607.406.575.913.91608.768.077.485.451604.693.93.331.91

2008.387.346.524.1720010.209.288.515.992005.064.153.511.98

2509.388.107.124.4125011.7310.549.576.512505.414.383.682.03

31510.408.857.694.6331513.3811.8610.657.013155.734.593.822.07

40011.149.578.244.8340015.1113.2111.737.474006.024.773.952.11

50012.2810.188.694.9850016.7114.4212.687.855006.254.924.052.14

63013.1210.759.115.1263018.3015.613.588.26306.465.054.142.16

80013.8911.279.475.2480019.8416.7114.428.518006.645.164.222.19

1,00014.5211.689.775.331,00021.1517.6415.118.751,0006.785.254.272.2

1,25015.0612.0310.015.41,25022.3418.4515.718.951,2506.95.324.322.21

1,60015.5712.3610.245.471,60023.4919.2416.289.141,60075.384.362.22

2,00015.9612.6110.415.522,00024.3819.8416.719.272,0007.085.424.392.23

2,50016.2912.8110.545.562,50025.1520.3417.079.392,5007.145.464.422.24

3,15016.5612.9810.665.593,15025.8120.7817.379.483,1507.25.494.442.24

4,00016.8013.1210.765.624,00026.3921.1517.639.564,0007.245.524.452.25

5,00016.9813.2310.835.645,00026.8321.4417.839.625,0007.275.544.462.25

6,30017.1313.3210.895.656,30027.2121.68189.676,3007.35.554.482.25

8,00017.2513.410.945.678,00027.5221.8818.149.718,0007.325.574.482.26

10,00017.3413.4610.985.6810,00027.7622.0318.249.7410,0007.345.574.492.26

12,50017.4213.511.015.6912,50027.9522.1518.339.7712,5007.355.584.52.26

16,00017.4813.5411.045.6916,00028.1222.2618.49.7916,0007.365.594.52.26

20,00017.5313.5711.065.7020,00028.2522.3418.459.820,0007.375.594.52.26

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Loudspeaker spacing in metresSTI forListener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)STI forListener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresSTI forListener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)STI forListener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)STI forListener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)

3.0m0.9040.9174.0m0.8980.892

3.5m0.9070.9125.0m0.8970.886

4.0m0.9120.9146.0m0.9040.8910.897

4.5m0.9130.9127.0m0.8940.8870.888

5.0m0.9150.9098.0m0.8960.8890.892

5.25m0.9150.9079.0m0.8880.8840.894

5.5m0.9160.90410.0m0.8850.8850.885

6.0m0.9170.89611.0m0.8830.880.881

6.5m0.9220.89312.0m0.880.8820.886

7m0.9260.89213.0m0.8820.880.889

7.5m0.9310.89114.0m0.8790.8740.883

8m0.9340.89215.0m0.8780.8830.887

8.5m0.9370.88616.0m0.8770.8770.886

9m0.940.88117.0m0.8760.8730.885

9.5m0.9440.88218.0m0.8820.8730.884

10m0.9460.87819.0m0.8810.870.881

20.0m0.8830.8680.88

Loudspeaker spacing in metresEK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresEK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)EK Grad for Listener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)

3.0m0.430.446.0m0.470.570.44

3.5m0.520.557.0m0.610.620.41

4.0m0.50.538.0m0.520.640.42

4.5m0.50.539.0m0.570.750.46

5.0m0.570.5410.0m0.580.760.46

5.5m0.560.4711.0m0.630.810.49

6.0m0.480.4912.0m0.640.890.56

6.5m0.470.5113.0m0.690.940.6

7m0.480.5414.0m0.71.030.56

7.5m0.490.615.0m0.741.070.69

8m0.630.6216.0m0.761.170.71

8.5m0.690.6117.0m0.791.20.71

9m0.650.6318.0m0.811.30.75

9.5m0.670.6219.0m0.831.340.74

10.0m0.60.6520.0m0.871.420.76

Loudspeaker spacing in metresEcho Criteria directly below sphere (S1)Echo Criteria between spheres (S2)Echo Criteria directly below Horn (S1)Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)

3.0 / 6.0m0.430.440.470.57

3.5 / 7.0m0.520.550.610.62

4.0 / 8.0m0.50.530.520.64

4.5 / 9.0m0.50.530.570.75

5.0 / 10m0.570.540.580.76

5.5 / 11m0.560.470.630.81

6.0 / 12m0.480.490.640.89

6.5 / 13m0.470.510.690.94

7 / 14m0.480.540.71.03

7.5 / 15m0.490.60.741.07

8 / 16m0.630.620.761.17

8.5 / 17m0.690.610.791.2

9 / 18m0.650.630.811.3

9.5 / 19m0.670.620.831.34

10.0 / 20m0.60.650.871.42

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STI forListener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)

STI forListener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)

STI vs loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - isotropic loudspeakers

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STI forListener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)

STI vs Loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - back to back horn speakers

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Echo Criteria vs speaker spacing in anechoic environment - isotropic loudspeakers

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EK Grad for Listener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)

Echo Criteria vs loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - back to back horn speakers

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STI Vs Loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - Back to back horn speakers

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Echo Criteria vs speaker spacing in anechoice environment - back to back horn spoeakers

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Echo Criteria directly below sphere (S1)


Echo Criteria directly below Horn (S1)


Echo Criteria for increasing loudspeaker spacing - single spaced spheres and double spaced, back to back horns

Loudspeakers in 20m spaced line no delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle



STI Seat 10.6630.6080.5870.5840.5760.75

STI Seat 20.7350.640.6080.5930.5720.696



Loudspeakers back to back in 40m spaced line no delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle



STI Seat 10.8620.7370.710.690.6460.872

STI Seat 20.770.7390.6850.6860.7050.755



Loudspeakers in 40m spaced line 118ms delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle



STI Seat 10.8870.8730.9280.930.9180.963

STI Seat 20.5760.8130.8780.8980.9230.998



Anechoic tests

20 m spacedBack to back 40m118ms Sequential delay

Medium HornsMedium HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium Horns

STI Seat 10.5050.6170.7360.7320.751

STI Seat 20.5330.5950.6860.6980.758

20 m spaced medium horns

No Noise Easera calcNo Noise NTI MeasWith Noise Easera CalcWith Noise NTI Meas

STI Seat 10.5870.570.505.5 *

STI Seat 20.6080.570.533.51 *

40 m spaced Back to back medium horns


STI Seat 10.710.640.617.57 *

STI Seat 20.6850.650.595.61 *

40 m spaced sequential delay premium horns


STI Seat 10.9180.930.7510.76 *

Ray Trace 800ms 5000000 rays BIR test resultsSTI Seat 20.9230.940.758.86 *

20 m spaced medium hornsBack to back 40mPremium Horns with 118ms seq. delay* - readings obtaine

Documents

Practical Considerations for designing Road Tunnel Public address Systems