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1-Physiological aspect on the body temperature
2-Internal body temperature
3-Clinical significance of taking of body temperature
Points of studying
-Higher animals are homeothermal (What means)
1-Physiological aspect on the body temperature
Maximum efficiency of thermoregulation occurred by
combined action between
Thermoreceptores which present on the skin and certain mucous membranes
Thermodetectores that present on the
hypothalamic part of the brain.+
Thermoregulatory mechanism mainly
-Hypothalmus-Thermoregulatory center
-Thyroid hormone-Glucagon
Neural Hormonal
Regulation of heat production and loss mechanisms
Main organs of heat
productionSkeletal muscles
(80%)Liver and heart
Heat loss-Vaporization-Sweating (not in pets)-Radiation-Respiration
2-Internal body temperature The internal body
temperature that detected clinically is not indicator to the total heat production in the body, but it is indicator to the steady stage of the thermal balance in the body between the heat loss and heat production in the body.
The body temperature in the animal taken rectally by using of the clinical blunt bulb thermometer.
If cannot be done rectally?
Apply petroleum jelly or mineral oil to the thermometer prior to taking a dog's
temperature for lubrication.
4
Normal range of the body temperature in pet animal
- Large breed dog--- 37.5-38.6 C˚.
-Small breed dog--- 38.6-39.2 C˚.
- Cat-- 37.5-39.2 C˚.
FeverA condition in which the body
temperature is higher than normal which usually due to microbial infection and it is usually accompanied with disturbances in the thermoregulating mechanism.
Biological infection (Bacteria, virus or parasites)
Production of endogenous and exogenous pyrogen
Fever by it three stages
Disturbances in thermoregulation
-Cutaneous capillaries constriction which leads to dryness and coldness of the skin in addition to:- -Decreased respiration -Decreased urine volume
-Increased heart rate -Shivering of the skeletal muscles.
(I)-Increment or onset stage
(II)- Fastigium (acme) or steady stage
-Temperature is Constant and the demand of the heat Production is subsided while the heat loss is increased that reflected in the Form of peripheral vasodilatation
-(Congested mucous membranes) -In this stage if the animal exposed to changes in the environmental Temperature itmay lead to alteration of the body temperature.
-Effect of the pyrogen is ceased or diminished after the localization of the infective microorganism in its predilection sit (i.e. .after the end of the stage of vireamia or bacteremia) then the stored heat is dissipated and
-The body temperature is fall to normal level accompanied with flaccidity in the muscles and peripheral vasodilatation (as a mechanism of heat loss).
(III)-Decrement or Defervescence Stage
Classification of feverCauses DegreeSeptic fever
(Virus or bacteria)
Aseptic fever(Vaccination, tearing of tissue or surgical
wound)
Low (Laryngitis)
Moderate(Pneumonia)
Sever (peritonitis)
Forms of feverSimple Laryngitis
Continuous Pneumonia
Remittent Suppurative cases
Intermittent Blood parasites
Recurrent Bronchopneumonia
Atypical Distemper
Taking of pulseSite of taking of pulse
Superficial
Artery from which the pulse taken should be
Medium sized
Laying in adherence of solid mass as
bone or tendon
CHARACTYERS OF THE PULSE IN PETS
Abnormal rate
Pulse (Tachycardia)
Pulse (Bradycardia)
PULSE RATE:
60-90/min In large breed
90-120/min In small breed
110-130/min In cat
Pulse (Tachycardia)
Pulse (Bradycardia)
-Acute pain - Peritonitis - Pyrexia - Pneumonia - Valvular diseases -Toxemia - Great loss of blood
-Debility - Dehydration -Low blood pressure -Some cases of jaundice -Senile dog - Gastric ulcer - Prior to death -Cerebral tumor
PULSE RHYTHM :
PULSE AMPLITUDE OR QUALITY
Normally irregular due to panting
Pulse amplitude means that it is the degree of the digital pressure that required for
obliteration of the pulse waves
ABNORMAL PULSE AMPLITUDE OR QUALITY
Strong Weak Running down
-Pyrexia -Ventricular hypertrophy -Pleurisy - Peritonitis
-Dehydration -Anemia -Myocardial debility-Toxemic condition
Prior to death
وسائل التواصل
Email: [email protected]@bu.edu.egFacebook abdelghany hefnawy
حفناوي. الغني عبد دWeb site to download lectures
www.bu.edu.eg/staff/abdelghanyhefnawy(Courses)
Tel 01011676482
CHARACTERS ABNORMAL INDICATIONS
1-Rate 15-20/min. in
dog
20-30 /min.
in cat
-Hyperpnoea
-Polypnaea
-Oligapnoea
-Fever -Exercise
-Pneumonia
-Colic -pleurisy
-Brain diseases
2-Type Costal -Wholly abdominal
-Wholly thoracic
-chest painful conditions
- painful conditions in abd.
3-Amplitude Calm -Labored or deep
-Shallow
-Dyspnoea or obstruction of
upper respiratory tract
-Low oxygen level
-Pneumonia
-Abdominal respiration
4-Rythm Irregular -Prolonged inspiration
-Prolonged expiration
-Dropped respiration
-Syncoptic respiration
-Canine distemper
-Pulmonary emphysema
- Brain diseases
-Shock and near to death