Practical Uses for Mobile Technologies in the Workplace:

Practical Uses for Mobile Technologies in the Workplace:

Korey SingletonManager, Assistive Technology InitiativeGeorge Mason UniversityApril 3, 2012

Introduction

Korey Singleton, Mason’s ATI Manager

Mission of ATI: …provide individuals with disabilities an accessible university environment by supporting access to all technological, architectural, and educational resources available at George Mason University through the incorporation of assistive technologies…

What to learn more about the ATI??

http://accessibility.gmu.edu

http://ati.gmu.edu

http://webaccessibility.gmu.edu

Today’s Agenda

Introduction

What You’ll Learn

Brief Overview of Today’s Most Popular Mobile OS’

Practical Uses in the Workplace

Off-the-Shelf vs. Task-Specific

Areas for Improvement

Summary

Q&A

Learning Outcomes

1. Identify two popular mobile operating systems.

2. Identify a mobile app that is well-suited to support mild hearingloss.

3. Compare the relative cost of specially designed devices forindividuals with disabilities to the costs of those devices designed for the general population.

4. Identify one area where off-the-shelf mobile devices do not need to be improved to meet the needs of individuals with disabilities.

Mobile OS Review

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Android OS (Google)

There are several different types of phones worldwide that are running some version of the Android OS – Approximately 1 in 2 smartphones now running Android [1]

Latest Release: v4.0.3 (phone), v3.2 (tablets)

All Android versions starting with v1.6 or later have some built-in support for speech output and accessibility

Major problem in terms of accessibility: Android versions are not standardized across all manufacturers, platforms, etc.

Android OS Accessibility

Basic built-in accessibility – much improved in v4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)

Moved much closer to accessibility out of the box

New – “Explore by Touch” feature now in v4.0

v4.0 Accessibility Videos:

Turning on Accessibility

Explorer the Launcher

Using the Onscreen Keyboard

Understanding the Galaxy Nexus

Android OS Accessibility cont.…

Problems still exist overall:

User experiences may differ – Carriers and device manufacturers will sometimes create customized versions of the Android OS. For example, HTC ships phones that include a custom user interface called HTC Sense. Samsung, LG, and Motorola could also change the user interfaces if they choose.

There is no guarantee that devices with customized interfaces include accessibility support.

iOS (Apple)

Versions are same across all platforms (i.e., iPod Touch, iPhone, iPad).

What does this mean?

More uniformity in terms of accessibility

No learning curve - If you know how to use one device, it is easy to use another

User experiences are the same!

Latest Release: v5.1

Apps that come with OS (i.e. mail, messaging, calendar, contacts, notes, calculator, internet, app store, maps) are accessible




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iOS Accessibility

Many built-in features:

VoiceOver

Zoom/Contrast

Large Text

Custom Vibrations (iPhone)

Mono Audio

Assistive Touch

Tactile buttons

Siri (iPhone 4S)

Windows Phone OS (Microsoft)

Like iOS, there is uniformity in terms of the operating system. However, several different phones available (i.e., HTC, Nokia, Samsung) similar to Android OS.

Latest Release: v7.5 (Mango)

v8.0 beta out now…accessibility features much improved in this version.




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Windows Phone OS Accessibility

V7.5 update added some accessibility improvements

Tiles (contrast/color)

Improved Speech (text, web, calling)

Now includes ability to read an incoming text message

Use Speech Video

Visual voicemail

Custom ringtones

Improved media messaging

Symbian Belle OS (Nokia)

Symbian Belle is the mobile OS for all Nokia handsets.

Most popular mobile OS in 2011!![2]

Market share mostly result of overseas markets (Asia, UK, Europe, Africa)

Lower-end smartphones in terms of specs

Symbian Belle OS Accessibility

Nokia emphasizes accessibility!

http://www.nokiaaccessibility.com

Some built-in accessibility (i.e., screen reader, zoom, etc.)

Improved accessibility achieved many through 3rd party vendors which support a limited number of models

Future in doubt – As of Sept. 2010, Nokia has partnered with Microsoft to market Windows Mobile 7[3] as their primary mobile OS




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Most Popular OS

Android and iOS remain two most utilized mobile OS’. iOS and Windows Phone 7 are most well-liked.[4]

Although well-liked though, Windows Phone 7 sales in 4Q 2011 were at least 20 times less than that of Android or iOS. [5]




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Mobile OS Share of Handset Sales[6]

iOS and Android market share nearly identical at 43% and 47%, respectively.

iOS increase likely due to sale of iPhone 4S




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Types of Devices – Mix of Handset Sales[6]

Smartphones now account for almost 70% of all phones sold. That’s up from 50% a year ago.

Smartphones and Tablets in the Workplace

Recent study found that iPhone now more popular than Blackberry in workplace. Android was third, but rapidly improving.[8]

Media tablets eclipsed netbook sales for first time in 2Q 2011. Almost double number of tablets sold as netbooks.[7]

iPad 2 accounts for almost 70% of tablets sold.

Laptops still dominate the workplace, but tablets are beginning to take a foothold.

Smartphones and Tablets cont.…

Why tablets over PCs??

Easier to use (baby-boomers)

Increase in functionality (more sophisticated app development)

More widespread adoption in business/education markets

Portability

Efficient (battery life, instant access)

Mobile workforce (est. 66% of information workers work remotely[9])




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General Examples of use in the Workplace

Social Media

Communication

Productivity

Cloud Storage

Organization

Etc.

Review Questions

1. Name two popular mobile OS.

1. Identify at least two reasons why you could use a tablet over a laptop PC in the workplace.

Any questions?

Today’s Agenda

Introduction

What you’ll learn

Brief overview of today’s most popular mobile OS’




Summary

Q&A

Practical Uses in the Workplace for People with Disabilities




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Practical Uses (Without 3rd Party Apps)

Before you install one app or add any accessory, here are some of the things that you can do with your mobile devices:

Cloud storage (sync data across multiple devices)

Remote access to public and private networks

Camera functionality (Take pictures/Record and edit video)

Email/Text Messaging

Web Browsing

Calendar/Task Management

Call/Text/Dictate Emails (manually and by voice)

Video Chat

Take/Record Notes

Social Networking Integration (Facebook/Twitter)

Blogging (Android)

Maps/Directions

When all else fails, add apps to improve functionality!!




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Examples (Without 3rd Party Apps)

Users with visual impairments (low vision)

On-the-go: Use built-in camera to magnify content either by taking a picture or just zooming in while Camera app is running

At desk: Plug device into larger monitor for even larger image.




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Email document to themselves

Save document in cloud-based storage and access it from mobile device

Increase and decrease magnification using by “pinch” and “zoom” gestures

Zoom/White and Black/Large Text (iOS)




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Examples cont.… (Without 3rd Party Apps)

Users with visual impairments (blind)

Manually:

iOS – Easy on/off access with set up of ‘Triple Click Home’ feature; then use onscreen keyboard

Android v4.0 – If turned off after initial set up, may require reboot to restart speech; then onscreen keyboard

Dictating text messages, email, or making phone calls:

iOS – Siri

Android – Voice Actions




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Users with cognitive impairment

Use calendars and to-do lists to color code/organize tasks, activities, and deadlines (e.g., Windows Phone Calendar)

Set audible/vibrate calendar and meeting alerts

Record meetings, voice notes (e.g., Siri, Voice Memos for iOS)

Provide written instructions (e.g., send text messages, email)




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Users with cognitive impairments

Record meeting with Voice Memos while taking notes with Notes (iOS). Voice Memos runs in background as indicated by bright-red notification area.




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Users with motor or dexterity impairments

Swype Keyboard (Android) – Alternative keyboard input method where using literally drags finger across keyboard to choose characters

Faster input method for texting, email, note-taking, etc.




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Users who are deaf/hard of hearing

Email, text messaging

ASL Users: Use Video Chat and/or Video messages using Qik (Android – certain models) or Facetime (iPhone)

Users have the ability to chat in real-time using front or rear-facing cameras

Send video mail – Can be created on phone and saved to user account at www.qik.com




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Practical Uses (With 3rd Party Apps)

The addition of apps takes all of those built-in apps (e.g., Camera, Video Chat, voice recording, GPS, etc.) to a new level of functionality in most cases.




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Examples (With 3rd Party Apps)


All kinds of magnifier apps for iPhone/Android!!

Magnifying Glass w/ Lite ($2.49) shown. Many free ones available!!

Functionality and quality depends on app

Image quality greatly reduced at higher settings

What does this mean?

Success with these kinds of tools in the workplace will depend specifically on user’s needs and vision loss

Will not benefit individuals that require sharp contrast or higher levels of magnification




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Nothing much better than “Pinch” and “Zoom” gestures or Zoom/Large Text features (iOS)

Other options:

Zoom Contacts ($4.99)

Nice app for Large Print/High contrast view of internal contacts for iOS (iPad and iPad2)




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Users with visual impairments (low vision/blind)

Alternatives:

Zoom Reader ($19.99)

App converts image to text using OCR and iPhone 4 camera. Supports VoiceOver.

Great deal of customization.

ImageToText (Free)

Take picture, send text to email or Evernote. Individual could send text or have someone send info to them.




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Evernote (Free) – note-taking app that allows you to create text notes, voice notes, store documents, take pictures, etc.

Works with nearly every computer, phone, and mobile device on the market!

Allows for search by keyword, tag or even printed and handwritten text inside images




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AudioNote (Free, $4.99 for Full version ) – Simple note-taking app that syncs audio recording with notes.

User can take notes using onscreen keyboard or freehand. Also offers shapes, symbols, and different colors.

Full version enables sharing of content by Wi-Fi and email.




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Mind Mapping Apps – Useful tools for organizing thoughts and ideas. Brainstorming tools.

iThoughtsHD ($9.99) – Fairly comprehensive tool. Offers many ways to export Mind Map to different applications/devices

SimpleMind ($6.99) – Simplified mapping app. Only exports to SimpleMind Desktop application via wi-fi




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Users with cognitive, motor, and/or dexterity impairments

VoCal XL (Free, $5.99 for Full version) – app is pretty much voice 'to-do' list/calendar.Simply speak your personal memo or appointment, set the time and date, and be reminded in your voice or a number of different sounds.

Reminders vary between once, every minute, and every hour (more in full version)

Newer interface offers nice contrast

One-way sync with iPhone calendar

Notifications even when app is not running




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Users with cognitive, motor, and/or dexterity impairments

Dragon Dictation (Free) - lets you send short text messages, longer email messages, and even update your Facebook and Twitter statuses without typing a word. Allows user to add/delete notes, cut/copy text, and add/edit text by keyboard input.




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Users with speech impairments

Proloquo2Go ($189) – Probably most well-known augmentative and alternative communication app. Easy to set up and use it provides natural sounding text-to-speech voices, high resolution up-to-date symbols, a default vocabulary of over 7,000 items and is fully expandable.




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Users with speech impairments

Predictable ($159) – Offers customizable AAC functions with social media integration (i.e., Facebook updates, Twitter updates, SMS, and Email)

Note: As of v1.2, only email can be managed in all access modes. Other methods require direct access.

3 access modes – switch/scan, direct, touch anywhere

Supports handwriting recognition as well.

A lot of customization for advanced users

Accessible via BT switch box or Therapy Switch box from RJ Cooper…supports one or two switches




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Lots of different ASL Apps – Make it easier for individuals who do not know ASL to communicate with individuals that do

Sign4Me ($9.99/$12.99 for iPad version) – Signed English translator that provides 3D playback of avatar signed what was typed (allows for rate of speed adjustments)

iASL ($1.99) – Translates English to ASL. Meant for phrases, but there is a dictionary portion for single words as well. Uses real person for video clip, not avatar

Learn To Sign (Free) – Simple sign language dictionary app



Apps that support text relay, video relay, and real-time captioning on telephone – Enable deaf/hard of hearing individuals to communicate more effectively using telecommunications tools

Hamilton Mobile CapTel (Free) – Word-for-word real-time transcriptions on your cell phone of what’s being said as you listen - http://www.hamiltoncaptel.com/mobile_captel/

Clear Capp ($0.99) – Designed for F2F conversations, app captures up to 10 seconds of audio and transcribes it in large print (Could do essentially the same thing with Dragon Dictation app, which is free)




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Users who are hard of hearing

SoundAMP (Free, $4.99 for full version) – app uses device’s microphone to amplify environmental sounds, as well as speech.

Offers a lot of customization

Records audio

Practical Uses (With Accessories)

Adding accessories further increases the functionality of mobile devices.




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Examples (Accessories)

Mounting Options

Enable users to safely secure mobile devices no matter the situation (in office, using wheelchair, etc.)

Useful for individuals with motor or dexterity issues




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Stock wired headsets (~$30)/Stereo Bluetooth headsets (price varies)

Could work for all kinds of users

Allow for control audio playback, useful for dictation, call management




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Bluetooth/Wired keyboards

Keyboards could work for all kinds of users (depending on user, not as likely for those with motor or dexterity impairments)

Typically under $100


Addition of portable BT keyboard increases functionality of note-taking apps like AudioNote and mind mapping apps like iThoughtsHD

Greatly improves access for users who are visually impaired and using VoiceOver (iOS).




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Brailliant BI32 BT Refreshable Braille Display (~$2600)

Designed for users with visual impairments who know braille; also very useful for individuals who are deafblind

Portable braille displays provide blind users with braille output when using mobile devices.

Simulate use of note-taking devices like the PacMate or BrailleNote.




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Switch4apps Switch Interface (~$260)

Pair Switch4Apps with your iPad by selecting it in the Bluetooth menu.

Connect any wired switches to one or more of the four, programmable, switch inputs.

Using the built-in display, select the function of each switch from the choice of 13 keyboard functions, 8 media functions and one OS function.

For data entry press the virtual keyboard button to deploy the on-screen keyboard.

Useful for individuals with motor impairments




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Blue2 Bluetooth Switch (~$240)

Supports single and dual switch access through direct access using the two built-in switches, or plug in your favorite switches into the available ports

Compatible with all Apple mobile devices

Useful for individuals with motor impairments




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Camera attachments (under $100)

Additional lenses offer more functionality: panaromic shots, increased zoom.

Mounts enable uses with motor impairments the ability to hold and manipulate the phone more effectively




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Video camera attachments (under $200)

Looxcie 2 Wearable Camcorder

4GB and 8GB models store 5 and 10 hours of video, respectively

Accompanying app enables user to share video via Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, or iCloud




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Microphone attachments (prices vary)

Microphone attachments improve users ability to capture audio

Useful for recording notes, meetings

Wireless and wired attachments are available




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Wireless Leash by Zomm (under $100)

A wireless leash, a speakerphone, and a personal safety device combined into one device -connects to all Bluetooth enabled phones

Alerts user anytime phone is more than 30 feet away

Speakerphone useful for hands-free call management




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H20 Audio Xplorer Portable Speaker Case (~ $35)

Case provides provides protection for smaller device like iPod/iPhone/Android device

Use with Predictable ($159) or another AAC app, this turns into a portable AAC device for users with speech impairments




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Livescribe Echo Pen (under $200) with free Pencast Player app

Integration with Livescribe Online enables user to upload pencasts to be viewed in Pencast Player on Apple mobile devices (Android devices can view pencasts at http://www.livescribe.com/community)

Useful note-taking solution for users with cognitive impairments




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Care InnovationsTM Achieve System

Using the Achieve Tablet (or Intel Reader) in combination with the Achieve software for Windows or Mac and the Achieve Camera, the user can quickly capture and access content from printed materials while on the go.

Features:

File creation – Create a DAISY 3.0 books or .txt file for playback, a .jpg for reference, or an MP3.

Import and Read – Supports DAISY 2, 2.02, and 3; NIMAS 1:1; .txt; Learning Ally* Audiobooks; and Bookshare* digital books.


Features cont.…

High Contrast settings – Background and text color combinations include black and white, blue and white, yellow and black, and red and white, or readers can customize themes to their own personal preference.

Adaptable User Interface (Achieve Software) – Customize your reading experience with text magnification, zoomable user interface, and third-party peripherals like foot pedals and Braille displays.

Other features: Synchronized text highlighting with audio, Native MathML support, HTML support

Intel Reader available for those individuals that do not wish to use touch interface.

Pricing (Education Bundles):

Achieve Camera and Achieve Software - $599

Achieve Tablet, Achieve Camera, and Achieve Software - $1,099 ($899 – School Evaluation Kit)

Pricing (Separate):

Achieve Camera - $599, Achieve Software - $99; Achieve Advanced Software - $299; Achieve Camera - $319; Intel Reader - $599; Intel Portable Capture Station - $129

Review Questions

1. Identify a mobile app that is well suited to support mild hearingloss.

1. Identify an accessory that improves access to mobile technology for users with motor impairments.

Any questions?

Today’s Agenda

Introduction

What you’ll learn





Summary

Q&A

Task-Specific vs. Off-the-Shelf




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Portable Reading Devices for users with visual impairments vs. Mobile PhonesVictor Stream/Bookport Plus/BookSense

iOS/Android/Windows Phone Devices




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Portable Reading Devices for users with visual impairments vs. Mobile PhonesVictor Stream/Bookport Plus/BookSense• Read DTBs from NLS, Learning

Ally, Bookshare, Audible.com books, Podcasts, html, txt files

• Ability to record audio, edit recordings in some cases

• Ability to stream radio, transfer files via Wi-Fi (depending on device)

• Costs: ~$300-$500

iOS/Android/Windows Phone Devices• A blind or low vision user can

independently manage all of these tasks through use of apps (iPhone mostly)

• Additionally, these devices offer phone functionality, note-taking, IM/Email, Task Management, GPS, etc.

• Costs: ~$200-$400




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Note-taking Devices for users with visual impairments vs. Mobile Phones/TabletsBrailleNote/PacMate iPad/Android




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Note-taking Devices for users with visual impairments vs. Mobile Phones/TabletsBrailleNote Apex/PacMate

•Simple, intuitive interface for individuals with visual impairments •Full-size Braille or Qwerty keyboards•Software supports access to DTBS from NLS, unprotected EPUB books, and Audible Enhanced books.•Word processing, spreadsheet, simple database, internet, calendar, IM, GPS •Ability to directly connect to printer/embosser•Storage card capability•Wi-Fi, BT, and Ethernet capability• Instant on•Costs: Very expensive! -$4500-$7000

iOS/Android

• Devices offer similar capability through use of apps and accessories

• Additionally, these devices can offer phone functionality and ability to add more apps

• Costs: ~$450-$800 for tablet, from $1000-$2500 for refreshable braille display, under $100 for keyboard




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Portable CCTVs for users with visual impairments vs. Mobile Phones/TabletsRuby Handheld Video Magnifier Mobile Phone/Tablet Camera and

Apps




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Portable CCTVs for users with visual impairments vs. Mobile Phones/Tablets Ruby Handheld Video Magnifier

•Magnification 2x-14x•Stores up to 15 freeze frame shots•2 hours of continuous use•Full color mode and four enhanced contrast modes for reading: black text on a white background; white text on a black background; yellow text on a blue background; or yellow text on a black background.•Clear, crisp image

•Costs: Expensive! ~$550

Mobile Phone/Tablet Camera and Apps

• Live magnification up to 10x-12x, depending on app and/or camera

• Limited customization

• Ability to take pictures using camera, then increase image size after

• Image quality usually grainy in higher magnification ranges. Lower ranges will work for some users with low vision.

• Additional functionality from phone or tablet

• Costs: Free-$5 depending on app, cost of phone




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Personal amplification devices for users with hearing impairments vs. Mobile Phones/TabletsCOMTEK Personal FM Amplification apps




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Personal amplification devices for users with hearing impairments vs. Mobile Phones/TabletsCOMTEK Personal FM

•Can be used with headset or neck loop•Ability to adjust gain/sound coming into lapel microphone and/or receiver•Comes with multiple attachments to support plugging into external devices (i.e., TV, computer, stereo, hearing aid, cochlear implant)•User has receiver, speaker holds microphone•Programmable frequency

•Costs: Expensive! ~$1100

Amplification Apps

• Some apps offer customization, but minimal

• Ability to adjust gain/sound

• One-sided setup, picks up all sound. No ability to localize sound without controlling environment

• Costs: Free-$5, up to $100 for neckloop




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Augmentative Communication devices for users with speech impairments vs. Mobile Phones/Tablets

Dynavox Maestro Proloquo2Go App




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Augmentative Communication devices for users with speech impairments vs. Mobile Phones/Tablets

Dynavox Maestro

•Similar in size to iPad•Built-in digital camera, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capability, eBook capability•Several input methods; switch-scanning, headmouse, USB mouse, etc.•Ability to connect household appliances using IR receivers or X-10 controllers•Standard battery – 3 hrs.; Extended battery – 9.5 hrs.•Costs: Expensive! ~$8000…can be covered by Medicare or private insurance

Proloquo2Go App

Easy to set up and use it provides natural sounding text-to-speech voices

High resolution up-to-date symbols

Single license allows for use on iPad, iPhone, and/or iPod Touch

Default vocabulary of over 7,000 items that is fully expandable.

Battery life depends on use

Costs: $189 for app, up to $800 for iPad




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Note-taking solutions for users with cognitive impairments vs. Mobile Phones/Tablets

Handwritten Notes/Digital Recorder

Mobile Note-taking Apps




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Note-taking solutions for users with cognitive impairments vs. Mobile Phones/Tablets

Handwritten Notes/Digital Recorder

•Easy•It’s what a lot of users are used to doing

•Costs: Minimal; notepad costs, digital recorders - ~$40

Mobile Note-taking Apps

There are a large number of note-taking solutions available now

Integrated solutions like Evernote allow storage and access of content across multiple devices (i.e., mobile devices, desktop computer systems, etc.)

Cloud-based storage like DropBox and iCloud also offer access from multiple devices

Note-taking apps like AudioNote, SoundNote, GoodNotes, etc. allow for sharing of content via email or cloud-based storage, text entry as well as freehand note-taking

Costs: Free - $12, plus cost of mobile device

Review Questions

1. Specially designed devices for individuals with a disability always cost significantly higher than off-the-shelf mobile solutions.

a) True

b) False

1. There are a number of mobile solutions available for individuals with significant motor impairments.

a) True

b) False

Any questions?

Today’s Agenda

Introduction

What you’ll learn





Summary

Q&A



Built-in accessibility for Mobile OS’

iOS

Limited support for users with significant motor impairments

Assistive Touch feature is confusing to work with

Use voice recognition for greater control of built-in apps

Areas for Improvement cont.…

Built-in accessibility for Mobile OS’ cont.…

AndroidConfusion – Still too many Android versions on market!!

Android v4.0 Need ability to navigate elements without having to touch them on screen

Easy way to turn on/off speech after initial setup

Android tablets offer little to no support for users with visual impairments

Limited support for users with significant motor impairmentsUse voice recognition for greater control of built-in apps


Built-in accessibility for Mobile OS’ cont.…

Windows Phone 7

Windows Phone 7 has much less support for built-in accessibility than iOS and Android (v4.0)

Should be much improved in v8.0

Improve number of accessible apps

Limited support for users with significant motor impairmentsUse voice recognition for greater control of

built-in apps


Apps

All Mobile OS’

Improved voice recognition support within apps

Lack of apps that support alternative inputs, like single switch, scanning, etc.

Few OCR apps for individuals with visual impairments

Summary

Summary

Mobile OS Review7 in 10 of the mobile phones sold today are smartphones. In the US, 90% of those are either Android devices or iPhones. [6]

7 in 10 of the tablets sold today are iPads.

Built-in AccessibilityiOS by far the most accessible “off-the-shelf” solution

iOS and Android have the highest number of accessible apps available

Windows Phone 8 (due fall 2012) should have much improved built-in accessibility

Desktop/Mobile OS Integration – Mac OS X Mountain Lion and Window 8 are moving to further integrate the functionality of the computer system with their mobile devices

Summary cont.…

Practical UsesWhat works will depend on the individual needs of the person with a disability.

For many of these mobile solutions to work, the individual really needs to be comfortable with technology.

The large number of apps and accessories available for mobile devices makes it possible to find off-the-shelf solutions that work just as well as devices designed specifically to complete a certain task.

The adoption of cloud-based storage solutions (e.g., Box, Dropbox, iCloud) has made it much easier to share information across multiple devices. As a result, mobile devices are becoming more common.

Summary cont.…


**Sometimes it is worth it to just spend the money!!

For some users, devices designed specifically for individuals with disabilities are better solutions. While mobile devices have come a long way, there still not the answer for many people.

Review Questions

1. There are very few apps that have support for alternative inputs (i.e., switches).

a) True

b) False

1. Identify an area where off-the-shelf mobile technologies do not need to be improved.

a) Built-in accessibility

b) Support for users with significant motor impairments

c) App support for cloud-based storage

Questions

Contact Information

Korey Singleton

Assistive Technology Initiative (ATI)

George Mason University

Aquia Building, Room 238

Office Phone: 703-993-2143

E-mail: [email protected]

Web: http://ati.gmu.edu

References

1. 1 of 2 Smartphones Running Android. Retrieved from http://www.techradar.com/news/phone-and-communications/mobile-phones/1-in-2-smartphones-now-running-android-1063403.

2. Nokia Symbian Officially Most Popular Mobile OS of 2011. Retrieved from http://www.electricpig.co.uk/2012/01/06/nokia-symbian-officially-the-most-popular-mobile-os-of-2011/.

3. Why Nokia can’t crack the U.S. market - Sep. 16, 2010. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2010/09/16/technology/nokia/index.htm.

4. Readers’ Choice Awards 2012: Smartphones and Mobile Carriers. Retrieved from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2402202,00.asp.

5. Windows Phone Smokes Android, but can’t sell. Retrieved from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2402264,00.asp.

6. iOS Market Share Up From 26% in Q3 to 43% in Oct/Nov 2011. Retrieved from http://techcrunch.com/2012/01/09/ios-marketshare-up-from-26-in-q3-to-43-in-octnov-2011/.

References cont.…

7. Media Tablets Eclipse Netbook Sales for First Time in 2Q11. Retrieved from http://www.abiresearch.com/press/3795-Media+Tablets+Eclipse+Netbook+Sales+for+the+First+Time+in+2Q11.

8. iPhone now more popular than Blackberry in workplace, study finds. Retrieved from http://www.itbusiness.ca/it/client/en/home/news.asp?id=64996.

9. Making Sense of the Mobile Workforce. Retrieved from http://contenthub.apa.co.uk/actionbar/27036.

Documents

Practical Uses for Mobile Technologies in the Workplace: