Practice Exam - Biology 30 DIploma Prepbio30diplomaprep.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/2/9/13290043/bio... · 2018. 10. 4. · The hippopotamus is a large African herbivore that spends much

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Practice Exam !

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Introduction!

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Use the following information to answer the next two questions. !

The four primary tastes are sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. A fifth taste called “umami” is gaining

recognition. Umami describes the taste of the amino acid glutamate, which is found in many proteins.

Glutamate attaches to receptors that are present in taste buds.

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1. The attachment of glutamate to receptors in a taste bud causes the sensation of taste through

A. a resting potential

B. an action potential

C. a threshold potential

D. a refractory potential

2. The division of the nervous system that transmits nerve impulses when glutamate attaches to

a receptor is the

A. motor division of the central nervous system

B. somatic division of the central nervous system

C. motor division of the peripheral nervous system

D. somatic division of the peripheral nervous system

Use the following information to answer the next two questions.

The hippopotamus is a large African herbivore that spends much of its day submerged in rivers or

lakes. It has several adaptations for life underwater. For example, when a hippopotamus feeds

underwater, bristle-like hairs that protrude from around the mouth help the hippopotamus to detect

food and other hippopotamuses. An adaptation that allows the hippopotamus to communicate under

murky water is its specialized jawbone. Underwater sounds cause the specialized jawbone to vibrate,

and these vibrations travel from the jawbone to the middle ear.

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3. When a hippopotamus is underwater, its jawbone conducts vibrations first to the

hippopotamus’s

A. cochlea

B. ossicles

C. organ of Corti

D. semicircular canals

4. When the hairs that protrude from around the mouth of a hippopotamus are stimulated by

contact with another hippopotamus, the sensory neurons

A. repolarize because sodium ions move into the neurons

B. depolarize because sodium ions move into the neurons

C. repolarize because potassium ions move into the neurons

D. depolarize because potassium ions move into the neurons

Use the following information to answer the next three questions.

A hockey player in the National Hockey League was hit in the eye by a hockey stick. The damage to

the player’s eye included a 20 mm long cut through the sclera and cornea. A large section of the

retina became detached. Some internal contents of the eye were forced out through the cut.

—based on National Post, 2000

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5. Surgeons discovered that although the injured player’s peripheral retina was damaged, the

fovea was not. Which of the following rows gives the main cell type found in an undamaged

fovea and a visual property associated with this region of the retina?

Row Cell Type Visual Property

A. Rod Fine-detail vision

B. Rod Vision in low light

C. Cone Fine-detail vision

D. Cone Vision in low light

Use the following additional information to answer the next question.

The hockey player’s injury resulted in a temporary loss of vision in his damaged eye. The light

receptors in the eye could not be stimulated by light, and therefore nerve impulses were not being

transmitted to the brain.

The Human Brain

6. In the diagram above, the area of the brain that initially receives the nerve impulses produced

by light stimulation is numbered

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4


Functions of Some Eye Structures

1 Translates light stimuli into nerve impulses

2 Bends light as it first passes into the eye

3 Regulates the amount of light entering the eye

4 Protects the eye and maintains its shape

Match three of the functions listed above with the eye structures given below.

Function: ________ ________ ________

Structure: Sclera Cornea Retina

(Record all three digits of your answer in the numerical-response section below.)

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In a research study, the pancreas was removed from six rhesus monkeys. Pancreatic cells from

unrelated donors were then transplanted into the livers of these monkeys. Four of the monkeys

received injections of a drug that blocks immune system rejection of foreign cells.

The transplanted pancreatic cells in the monkeys that received the injections were not rejected by the

monkeys’ immune systems, and the cells began secreting insulin. The transplanted pancreatic cells

in the two monkeys that were not given the injections were rejected.

—based on Kenyon et al., 1999

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7. The manipulated variable in the study above is the

A. group of monkeys that did not receive the drug

B. administration of the drug to the monkeys

C. species of monkey used in the experiment

D. rejection of the transplanted cells

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8. Besides affecting insulin secretion, removal of the pancreas directly affects the secretion of

A. aldosterone

B. glucagon

C. glycogen

D. cortisol

Use the following information to answer the next question.

Functions of Some Hormones

1 Raises the blood glucose level

2 Lowers the blood glucose level

3 Causes excess glucose to be converted into fat

4 Causes fat to be converted into fatty acids and glycerol

5 Increases permeability of cell membranes to glucose

6 Decreases permeability of cell membranes to glucose

7 Results in the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

8 Results in the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Four functions of insulin that are listed above are _____, _____, _____, and _____.

(Record all four digits of your answer in lowest-to-highest numerical order in the numerical-response section

below.) !

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Addison disease and Cushing syndrome are disorders of the adrenal gland. Addison disease results

from less-than-normal secretion of cortisol and aldosterone, whereas Cushing syndrome results from

greater-than-normal secretion of cortisol. Abnormal levels of ACTH also occur in both disorders.

Some Endocrine Glands

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9. In the diagram above, the glands that are associated with Addison disease and Cushing

syndrome are numbered

A. 1 and 2

B. 1 and 3

C. 2 and 4

D. 3 and 4

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10. Which of the following rows indicates the blood ACTH level and the blood glucose level that

would be found in a person with untreated Cushing syndrome?

Row Blood ACTH Level Blood Glucose Level

A. Lower than normal Lower than normal

B. Lower than normal Higher than normal

C. Higher than normal Lower than normal

D. Higher than normal Higher than normal


In the human body, cells of glands secrete hormones that regulate metabolism. The secretion of

hormones is regulated through a feedback mechanism.

Cells in a Feedback Loop

1 Muscle cells

2 Thyroid cells

3 Pituitary cells

4 Hypothalamus cells

Match each of the cells in the feedback loop listed above with the letter given below that

represents the cell in the diagram.!

Cell Number: _____ _____ _____ _____

Letter: A B C D

(Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section below.)

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Some men have a defect of the Y chromosome called an AZFc deletion, which results in low sperm

production. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a reproductive technology that enables men

with this genetic defect to father children. In ICSI, a sperm is injected directly into an egg.

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11. The male reproductive structure that is affected by the AZFc deletion is the

A. epididymis

B. vas deferens

C. seminal vesicle

D. seminiferous tubule

12. Men who have the AZFc deletion and who father children through the ICSI procedure will

pass on the infertility trait to

A. their sons only

B. all their children

C. their daughters only

D. none of their children


A contraceptive method being tested for males is a weekly injection of testosterone. When

testosterone is injected into a male’s bloodstream, it inhibits the release of two pituitary hormones

that stimulate sperm and testosterone production.

!

13. The pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of sperm and the pituitary hormone that

stimulates the production of testosterone are, respectively,

A. LH and FSH

B. FSH and LH

C. testosterone and LH

D. testosterone and FSH


A new, non-surgical vasectomy procedure has been developed. A plastic clip is attached to the

scrotum over the vas deferens and an ultrasound pulse is focused on the clip. The ultrasound pulse

scars tissue in the wall of the vas deferens. The resulting scar tissue forms a barrier through which

sperm cannot pass.

14. If this vasectomy procedure is successful, sperm will not be found in the

A. seminiferous tubules

B. epididymis

C. urethra

D. testes


Illustration of a Testicle

Match each of the structures numbered above with its description given below.

Structure:

Description: Site of blockage

following a

vasectomy

Site of sperm

production

Site of final

sperm

maturation

Site of

testosterone

secretion


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Use the following diagram to answer the next question.

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15. In the diagram above, a cell that undergoes meiosis is numbered

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4


Match four of the structures of the female reproductive system numbered above with the events

associated with them given below.

Structure:

Event: Pap smear Tubal

ligation

Use of

fertility

drugs

Gonorrheal

infections


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16. In the diagram above, the structure of the female reproductive system that produces an acidic

pH to protect against bacterial infection is numbered

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5


Some human pregnancies continue longer than the normal nine months. Doctors can administer

drugs that mimic the action of a female hormone to induce labour in these circumstances.

17. Which of the following rows identifies the hormone that induces labour and the structure in

the diagram of the female reproductive system that this hormone acts upon?

Row Hormone Structure

A. Oxytocin 1

B. Progesterone 1

C. Oxytocin 3

D. Progesterone 3


Some Events on the Development of the Uterine Lining

1 FSH secretion increases.

2 Estrogen secretion increases.

3 Follicle development is stimulated.

4 Uterine lining growth is stimulated.

The sequence of the above events that results in the thickening of the uterine lining after

menstruation is _____, _____, _____, and _____.


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A young woman’s first two pregnancies ended in miscarriages in the second trimester. She is now pregnant for a

third time and is seeking help to avoid another second-trimester miscarriage. Three causes of reproductive problems

in females, three procedures used in diagnosing reproductive problems, and three possible treatments for

reproductive problems are randomly listed below.

Cause Procedure Treatment

1 Low levels of estrogen and

progesterone

2 Failure of the blastocyst to implant

3 Blocked Fallopian tubes

1 Amniocentesis

2 Ultrasound imaging

3 Blood analysis

1 In vitro fertilization

2 Hormone therapy

3 Caesarean section

Using the numbers given above, identify a possible cause of this woman’s previous

miscarriages, a procedure that could be used to detect the cause, and a treatment that could be

used to help avoid another second-trimester miscarriage.

Answer: ___________ ___________ ___________

Cause Procedure Treatment

(Record all three digits of your answer in the numerical-response section below.)

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18. The primary development of the nervous system occurs during

A. implantation

B. the first trimester

C. the second trimester

D. the third trimester

19. The process by which the germ layers of an embryo are formed is called

A. gastrulation

B. differentiation

C. tissue development

D. blastocyst formation

Use the following photographs to answer the next two questions.

Photographs of a Sequence of Processes That Occur in Mayapple Cells

—adapted from Braselton, 1997

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20. The sequence of processes shown in the photographs above is known as

A. mitosis

B. meiosis I

C. meiosis II

D. meiosis I and meiosis II

21. The three arrows in photograph 2 indicate where

A. nondisjunction has occurred

B. crossing over is taking place

C. chromosomes have just separated

D. chromosomes are about to pair up

Use the following diagram to answer the next two questions.

22. During which of the developmental processes numbered in this diagram of the shrimp life

cycle does mitosis occur?

A. 1 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 2 through 6 only

D. 3 through 6 only

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23. Shrimp have 92 chromosomes. When a shrimp changes from a mysis into a postlarval

juvenile, its cells during metaphase contain

A. 23 chromatids

B. 46 chromatids

C. 92 chromatids

D. 184 chromatids


The fertilized eggs of wild grass carp can be shocked to produce triploid grass carp (3n = 72).

Triploid grass carp are used to control aquatic vegetation because they are sterile and cannot disrupt

the natural ecology of an aquatic system by reproducing.

24. The diploid chromosome number of wild grass carp is

A. 24

B. 36

C. 48

D. 60

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25. The technology that can best distinguish between wild grass carp and triploid grass carp is

A. gene recombination

B. gel electrophoresis

C. gene sequencing

D. karyotyping


A diet rich in lycopene, a nutrient found in tomatoes, can reduce the risk of cancer by preventing

genetic damage and abnormal cell growth. Lycopene has been shown to reduce the size of tumours

and slow the spread of the cancerous tissue.

26. Lycopene slows the spread of cancerous growth by decreasing the rate of

A. mitosis, which produces diploid cells

B. mitosis, which produces haploid cells

C. meiosis, which produces diploid cells

D. meiosis, which produces haploid cells


The inheritance of colour in domestic pigeons involves several genes. The dominance hierarchy

of three colour alleles is ash-red > blue-black > brown. These alleles are carried on the Z sex

chromosome. A male pigeon has two Z sex chromosomes, and a female pigeon has one Z sex

chromosome and one W sex chromosome.

27. Which of the following rows indicates the expected appearance of male and female offspring

of a mating of a blue-black female pigeon and a brown male pigeon?

Row Female Offspring Male Offspring

A. Brown and blue-black Brown

B. Brown Brown and blue-black

C. Blue-black Brown

D. Brown Blue-black


Colour pattern in domestic pigeons is determined by autosomal alleles. The dominant pattern is

barred, with two black bars across the wings and a black bar near the end of the tail. Barless, the

pattern with no black bars, results from the inheritance of two recessive alleles.

28. If a breeder wanted to determine the genotype of an ash-red, barred male pigeon, the breeder

should mate it with a female pigeon that is

A. blue-black and barless

B. ash-red and barred

C. brown and barless

D. brown and barred


Polydactyly is a condition characterized by extra fingers and/or extra toes. It is caused by the

presence of an autosomal dominant gene. The pedigree below illustrates the inheritance of

polydactylism.

Pedigree Illustrating the Inheritance Pattern of Polydactylism

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29. Individuals III-1 and III-2 have genotypes that are, respectively,

A. unaffected and affected

B. homozygous recessive and heterozygous

C. heterozygous and homozygous recessive

D. homozygous unaffected and heterozygous affected

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30. Individuals III-1 and III-2 developed from

A. one egg fertilized by one sperm

B. one egg fertilized by two sperm

C. two eggs fertilized by one sperm

D. two eggs fertilized by two sperm

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31. If individuals II-4 and II-5 have another child, the probability of this child having the

polydactyly trait is

A. 25%

B. 33%

C. 50%

D. 75%


In chickens, the female (hen) has ZW sex chromosomes and the male (rooster) has ZZ sex

chromosomes. A sex-linked trait in white leghorn chickens is dwarfism. The allele for dwarfism

(Zdw

) is recessive to the allele for normal size (ZDw

).

A rooster with the genotype ZDw

Zdw

is bred with a hen with a genotype ZDw

W. For chicks

produced from this cross, the expected ratio of phenotypes is

Ratio: ___________ : ___________ : ___________ : ___________

Phenotype: Normal Normal Dwarf Dwarf

male female male female


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A lethal mutation called “limbless” also occurs in white leghorn chickens. Limbless is inherited in

an autosomal recessive mode.

A hen and rooster are bred, and the hen lays 64 eggs over a period of time. Sixteen of the eggs do

not hatch, and inspection of the embryos reveals that they are limbless.

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32. The number of the hatched chicks predicted to be heterozygous for the limbless trait is

A. 8

B. 16

C. 32

D. 48


A population of white leghorn chickens has the following dominant mutations:

! crested head, the condition of having elongated feathers on the crown of the head, is

dominant to normal-feathered head

! naked neck, the condition of having no neck feathers, is dominant to normal-feathered neck

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33. A rooster that has a crested head and a naked neck is heterozygous for both of these traits. It

mates with a hen that is also heterozygous for both traits. The percentage of their offspring

that are predicted to have a normal-feathered head and a naked neck is

A. 6.25%

B. 18.8%

C. 25.0%

D. 56.3%


The genome of Drosophila has been studied extensively using the technique of gene mapping.

In Drosophila, pink eyes (P), curled wings (C),hairy body (H), and ebony body (E) are determined

by alleles of genes located on the same chromosome.

Gene Combination Frequency of Recombination

E/H 44%

C/H 23%

E/P 23%

H/P 21%

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34. Which of the following gene maps shows the sequence of these genes?

A.

B.

C.

D.


One method of gene mapping uses a process called marker-assisted selection. This method tracks

DNA sequences called markers, which are located on the same chromosome as the gene that a

scientist wants to study. These markers are not always reliable for use in gene mapping because they

can change position during cell division.

35. Which of the following statements explains why there can be a high frequency of separation

of a DNA marker sequence from the gene with which it is usually associated?

A. The marker is X linked.

B. The marker is a recessive allele.

C. The marker and the gene are located relatively far apart on the

chromosome.

D. The marker and the gene are located relatively close together on the

chromosome.

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36. If the nucleotide code of a marker sequence is TAC CTT GAC AAT, then the sequence of

the amino acids in the protein produced will be

A. tyrosine—valine—glutamine—leucine

B. tyrosine—valine—aspartate—asparagine

C. methionine—glutamate—leucine—leucine

D. methionine—glutamate—glutamine—asparagine


Scientists are able to genetically engineer food crops. For example, scientists are able to delete

sections of DNA located between two genes that code for a protein. The “stop” signal can be

removed from the end of the first gene, which results in the production of an elongated strand of

mRNA containing codons from both genes. The mRNA folds onto itself and becomes double-

stranded mRNA when its bases are complementary. —based on Nature, 2003

37. The double-stranded mRNA does not function normally because the

A. mRNA cannot unzip to allow replication to occur

B. tRNA anticodons cannot attach to the mRNA codons

C. mRNA cannot attach to the DNA during transcription

D. amino acids cannot attach to the mRNA during transcription


38. In the diagram above, the part of the DNA molecule that is particularly prone to UV damage

is numbered

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

!

39. Severe sunburn can result in skin cancer because UV radiation damages

A. genes that control cell division

B. proteins that control cell division

C. thymine nucleotides that control cell division

D. DNA polymerase enzymes that control cell division


Normal pigs generate phosphorus-rich waste that can pollute lakes and streams. Scientists at the

University of Guelph have reported the successful birth and growth of three transgenic pigs, called

“Enviropigs,” which produce fecal waste that is low in phosphorus. A composite gene was made

from a bacterial gene and a mouse gene. The composite gene was inserted into each pig when each

was a single-celled zygote. The bacterial gene coded for the enzyme phytase, and the mouse gene

coded for a protein secreted in saliva. The combination of these two genes allows the pigs to

produce phytase in their saliva. Phytase is an enzyme that digests the organic phosphorus found in

their food.

—based on Golovan et al., 2001

!

40. DNA cut from bacteria and DNA cut from mouse cells were fused to form a composite gene

that was inserted into the pig cells. The enzymes used in the process of producing a

composite gene are

A. restriction and ligase enzymes

B. polymerase and ligase enzymes

C. phytase and restriction enzymes

D. polymerase and phytase enzymes

41. The composite gene that was inserted into the single-celled zygote is present in the salivary

glands and other cells of the pig because, as the embryo grew, the DNA

A. replicated in interphase and the chromatids separated in mitosis

B. replicated in interphase and the chromatids separated in meiosis

C. was transcribed in interphase and the chromatids separated in mitosis

D. was transcribed in interphase and the chromosomes separated in

meiosis


Hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by elevated

levels of iron in the blood. This disorder causes increased absorption of iron from the diet, which is

then deposited in the liver, heart, pancreas, joints, and endocrine glands.

!

42. The HHC mutation in DNA is encoded in mRNA by the process of

A. translation in the nucleus

B. translation on the ribosome

C. transcription in the nucleus

D. transcription on the ribosome


HHC is one of the most common genetic disorders. In the Caucasian population in the United

States, approximately 5 in 1 000 people carry two copies of the mutated hemochromatosis allele.

—based on DOEgenomes.org, 2002

!

43. The frequency of the dominant allele associated with HHC in the Caucasian population of the

United States is

A. 0.005

B. 0.071

C. 0.864

D. 0.929


In people of Northern European descent, 1 in 400 individuals has HHC.

—based on Feder et al., 1996

!

44. The frequency of carriers of HHC in people of Northern European descent is

A. 0.003

B. 0.050

C. 0.095

D. 0.950


The hemoglobin molecule contains iron. A portion of the DNA template that codes for the

hemoglobin molecule is shown below.

CAT GCC ATA GAG

45. The anticodon of the tRNA molecule that transports the first amino acid coded by this portion

of the DNA molecule is

A. CAU

B. CUA

C. GAU

D. GUA


Farmers continually battle weeds growing in their crops.

!

46. The relationship between weeds and crop plants growing side by side in a field is

A. mutualism

B. commensalism

C. interspecific competition

D. intraspecific competition


Peregrine falcons are swift-flying birds of prey. The

peregrine falcon population in Alberta decreased from

approximately 80 breeding pairs in the 1950s to a single

breeding pair in 1970.

DDT is an insecticide that accumulates in the tissues of

living creatures and causes reproductive problems such

as eggshell thinning in falcons. In the 1960s and 1970s,

DDT residues built up through the food chain, thereby

causing reproductive problems in the falcons.

A ban on the use of DDT, captive breeding programs,

and the subsequent release of young falcons into the

wild have resulted in the peregrine falcon being

removed from the endangered species list. In 2004,

approximately 50 to 60 pairs (over 100 individuals)

were estimated to reside in Alberta.

—based on Court, 2004

—Gordon Court, 2004

47. The decline in the peregrine falcon population in Alberta was the result of a

A. density-dependent biotic factor

B. density-dependent abiotic factor

C. density-independent biotic factor

D. density-independent abiotic factor

!

48. Which of the following rows indicates the type of reproductive strategy used by the peregrine

falcon, in comparison with insects, and two characteristics of this reproductive strategy?

Row Reproductive Strategy Characteristics of Reproductive Strategy

A. K selection Low reproductive rate and long lifespan

B. K selection Low reproductive rate and short lifespan

C. r selection High reproductive rate and long lifespan

D. r selection High reproductive rate and short lifespan

References

MC5, 6

NR1

Evenson, Brad. 2000. Berard’s best chance. National Post, NR1 March 23, sec. A,

p. 17.

MC7, 8 Kenyon, Norma S., Maria Chatzipetrou, Michele Masetti, Alessandra Ranuncoli,

Maria Oliveira, Joseph L. Wagner, Allan D. Kirk, David M. Harlan, Linda C. Burkly,

and Camillo Ricordi. 1999. Long-term survival and function of intrahepatic islet

allografts in rhesus monkeys treated with humanized anti-CD154. Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96 (July): 8132–8137.

MC37 Surridge, Christopher. 2003. RNA interference: Cereal adultery. Nature 423 (May

22): 390.

MC40, 41 Golovan, Serguei P., Roy G. Meidinger, Ayodele Ajakaiye, Michael Cottrill, Miles

Z. Wiederkehr, David J. Barney, Claire Plante, John W. Pollard, Ming Z. Fan, M.

Anthony Hayes, Jesper Laursen, J. Peter Hjorth, Roger R. Hacker, John P. Phillips,

and Cecil W. Forsberg. 2001. Pigs expressing salivary phytase produce low-

phosphorus manure. Nature Biotechnology 19 (August): 741–745.

MC43 Human Genome Project. 2002. Genetic disorder profile: Hemochromatosis. Gene

Gateway—Exploring Genes and Genetic Disorders. The U.S. Department of Energy,

Biological and Environmental Research. http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/hh.shtml.

MC44 Feder, J.N., A. Gnirke, W. Thomas, Z. Tsuchihashi, D.A. Ruddy, A. Basava, F.

Dormishian, R. Domingo, Jr., M.C. Ellis, A. Fullan, L.M. Hinton, N.L. Jones, B.E.

Kimmel, G.S. Kronmal, P. Lauer, V.K. Lee, D.B. Loeb, F.A. Mapa, E. McClelland,

Meyer, G.A. Mintier, N. Moeller, T. Moore, E. Morikang, C.E. Prass, Quintana, S.M.

Starnes, R.C. Schatzman, K.J. Brunke, D.T. Drayna, N.J. Risch, B.R. Bacon, and

R.K. Wolff. 1996. A novel MHC class I-like gene is mutated in patients with

hereditary haemochromatosis. Nature Genetics 13 (August): 399–408.

MC47, 48 Court, Gordon. 2004. Written communication with author. Alberta Fish and Wildlife

Division, Edmonton, AB. December 6, 2004. Reproduced with permission from Dr.

Gordon Court.

Credits

MC20, 21 Braselton, James P. 1997. Microscopic Procedures for Plant Meiosis. The

American Biology Teacher 59 (8): 502–506. Photographs adapted and reprinted

with permission from James P. Braselton. !""#$%%&'()*'"+)&!,&-)./-%012'+.3"&%4

MC47, 48 Photograph by Gordon Court. 2004. Reproduced with permission from Dr.

Gordon Court.

http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/posters/chromosome/hh.shtml

http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/%7Ebraselto/

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