Practicing Biology BIG IDEA 4

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Big Idea 4.A 1. Log onto http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-biology/. Scroll down to “Big Idea 4: System.” Complete the

video review activities listed below for videos #042 through #047 under Big Idea 4. REMEMBER, EACH NUMBERED COMPONENT SHOULD HAVE A DEDICATED PAGE (that is, summarize each video on a separate piece of paper):

a. Watch Bozeman Video #042: Biological Models – summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate.

b. Watch Bozeman Video #043: Cellular Organelles – summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples. In your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate.

c. Watch Bozeman Video #044: Cellular Specialization – summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples. In your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate.

d. Watch Bozeman Video #045: Organ System – summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples. In your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate.

e. Watch Bozeman Video #046: Communities – summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples. In your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate.

f. Watch Bozeman Video #047: Ecosystems – summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples. In your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate.

2. Draw, label and describe hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis. 3. Create a chart like the one below and discuss or draw each item:

Macromolecule Monomer Bond Type between

Monomers

Draw/Label Monomer

Draw/Label Polymer

Function Types Examples

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Proteins

4. Complete the following as it relates to protein structure and function:

a. Draw, label and describe the four layers of protein structure. b. Include a detailed description of the bonds that form at each layer and how these bonds help to

determine the overall structure of the protein.

5. Complete the following as it relates to lipid structure and function: a. Compare and contrast triglycerides and phospholipids. b. Include a discussion of structure and function in triglycerides and phospholipids (i.e. why do the

LOOK different)? c. Draw and label each of the following: saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid, and a

phospholipid. d. Discuss the term “amphipathic” as it relates to all lipids.

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6. Complete the following as it relates to form/function in various biological molecules: a. Justify how structure imparts function for key biological molecules including DNA, RNA, lipids,

carbohydrates, proteins, and ATP. b. Describe how these molecules interact in key biological processes – you should use your own

illustrative/supportive examples. c. Include a discussion of directionality in each molecule and how the directionality supports the

function. 7. The nature of bonding between carbohydrate subunits determines their relative orientation in the

carbohydrate macromolecule, which then determines the secondary structure of the carbohydrate. a. In terms of structure fits function, discuss why cellulose is linear, starch is branched, and

glycogen is highly branched. b. Include a description of each molecule at the monomer and polymer levels.

8. Complete the following as it relates to structure/function in cellular organelles:

a. Justify how structure imparts function for key cell organelles…your discussion must include the following organelles…nucleus, Golgi, rough/smooth ER, mitochondria, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, lysosomes and vacuoles.

b. Describe how these organelles interact with each other in key biological processes of your choice.

9. Differentiation in development is due to external and internal cues that trigger gene regulation by proteins

that bind to DNA. Describe in general terms how cells specialize and become tissue and organs. Include in your discussion:

a. A general description of regulated gene expression such as cytoplasmic determinants and induction;

b. A description of cell potency; c. An overview of vertebrate gastrulation (include a labeled diagram); d. A description of organogenesis including the fate of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm; e. The role of the SRY protein in determining sex in mammals; f. And one example of how environmental stimuli can affect gene expression (i.e. heat shock

factor, etc.)

10. Organisms exhibit complex properties due to interactions between their constituent parts. a. Explain how interactions between constituent parts of a biological system (organs and systems)

provide essential biological activities. b. Discuss specific examples from each category (cells, tissues, and organs). You may choose to

discuss:

Organs: stomach and small intestines OR kidney and bladder OR root, stem and leaf

Systems: respiratory and circulatory OR nervous and muscular OR plant vascular and leaf

11. Explain how or why the structure of a community is measured and described in terms of species composition

and species diversity. 12. As it relates to growth trends in populations in nature:

a. Compare and contrast exponential and logistic growth models. b. Draw and label graphs for each model. c. Describe factors that cause populations in nature to grow logistically.

13. Compare and contrast density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors. Discuss several examples

for each.

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14. Draw, label and describe how age structure diagrams can be used to predict a population’s growth trends and illuminate social conditions that help countries to plan for the future.

15. Draw a model that shows organism interaction and matter and energy flow in a biological system and predict

the effects of a change in one of the components.

16. Justify the following statement with specific illustrative examples: Changes in regional and global climates and in atmospheric composition influence patterns of primary productivity.

17. Justify the following statement: Human activities impact ecosystems on local, regional and global scales. Use specific illustrative examples to support your justification. For each example, state the short term and long term effect of the human disturbance.

18. Predict the effect of a change in one of the components on the interactions within a community and matter and energy flow.

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Big Idea 4.B 19. Log onto http://www.bozemanscience.com/ap-biology/. Scroll down to “Big Idea 4: System.” Complete the

video review activities listed below for video #048 under Big Idea 4. REMEMBER, EACH NUMBERED COMPONENT SHOULD HAVE A DEDICATED PAGE (that is, summarize each video on a separate piece of paper):

a. Watch Bozeman Video #048: Enzymes – summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate.

20. Describe how enzymes work as biological catalysts.

a. Discuss the “lock and key” fit and the “induced fit” model. b. Include a drawing of each concept. c. Draw and label a graph that illustrates how enzymes help chemical reactions to overcome the

activation energy barrier.

21. Discuss how changes in enzyme structure, substrate concentration, and environmental conditions affect enzymatic activity. Predict the effects when one of the parameters is further changed.

22. Design a controlled experiment to test the effect of heat or pH on the activity of an enzyme. In your design, include the following:

a. A research question. b. A testable hypothesis. c. A statement of your independent and dependent variable d. A description of your control group with proper reasoning. e. A description of your constant variables with proper reasoning. f. A description of your data collection method – be specific.

i. What will you measure? ii. Why will you measure it?

iii. How will you measure it? iv. For how long will you measure it?

g. A description of how you will verify the validity of your results. h. A description of your expected results (include a graphical analysis).