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AUTOMATION OF VEHICLE
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1) INTRODUCTION.
2) HISTORY.
3) AUTOMATION FOR SAFETY.
4) SAFETY AND PERFOMACE IMPROVEMENT.
5) DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION.
6) ROAD TRANSPORT AUTOMATION SYSTEM.
7) AIR SYSTEM AUTOMATION.8) TRAIN AUTOMATION.
9) CONCLUSION.
C O N T E N T S
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WHAT IS AUTOMATION OF VEHICLES?
Automation of vehicles means to automate ,means to run by it that is vehicle
which can run without a drive r.
WHY IT IS IMPORTANT?
According to World Bank, deve loping countries lose $100 bi llion every year
due to road crashes. Further air crashes due to carelessness and human error
is very common. Derailing of train, train crashes are also a topic of great
concern these days. All the accidents which take place are mainly due to the
greater reaction time of the drivers or due to their carelessness most of times .
INTODUCTION
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1904-STURTEVANT BROTHERS.
HORSELESS GEARBOX was used ,which had two forward gear ratio.
1908-HENRY FORD.
MODELT type gearbox was used ,which had two speed plus reverse
planetary gear ratio.
1934-REO AND GENERAL MOTORS .
Semiautomatic transmission was used ,which had a power shifting
planetary gearbox which is hydraulically controlled.
H I S T O R Y
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Ways Beneficial For Driving Of Vehicle By
Automation.
There are two major ways in which automation canbe of benefit in driving motor vehicles. One is by
making it easier, to the point of not having to drive
at all. The other is by making it safer, to the point of
virtually eliminating the risk of an accident.
AUTOMATION FOR SAFETY
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HIGHWAY AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY:-
Warning Systems That Sense And Then Advise
Drivers Of Potential Hazards.
Control Assistance Systems That Augment The
Driver's Ability To Control The Vehicle.
Control Override Systems That Intervene In SomeAspect Of The Control Of The Vehicle During
Unsafe Conditions.
Automated Control Systems That Control All
Motions Of The Vehicle.
SAFETY AND PERFOMANCE
IMPROVEMENT
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The way society resolves its needs and deals with its limitations will
shape the future of the nation's vehiclehighway system. Safety,
availability, reliability, environmental considerations, land use, and
energy costs, and each of their interacting influences on pr ivate,
business, and government activities, will affect vehiclehighway
demand, actual use, and operations.
The actual future rate of implementation of veh iclehighway
automation will primarily reflect market forces such as the services
that suppliers and consumers think people need tempered by their
capacity to accept and afford them.
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ADVACE VEHI CLE C ONTRO L SYSYTEM :-
Advanced Vehicle Control Systems (AVCS or AVEC) is
part of the "Smart Highway" initiative (also known as
Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) or Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS) now receiving considerable
study worldwide.
ROAD TRANSPORT AUTOMATION
SYSTEM
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AVCSADVANTAGE OVER CURRENT
SYSTEM
1) AVCSSpace Utilization Advantage.
Space used by the cars on the highway is reduced
to 70%.
2) AVCSSafety Advantage.
Advancement in safety is increasing at the higher
rate.
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3) AVCSArchitecture Considerations.
Highways automation systems have "machine readable" signs, marks,
or electronic signals to aid in guidance and supplement any imagery
analysis system.
4) AVCSFeasibility Considerations.
A vehicle guidance system capable of delivering on the promises
outlined above would necessarily have to be highly sophisticated and
presumably involve substantial electronics, computers, and software.
But, vehicle guidance is a very safety critical function.
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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
A project funded by the European Commission is developing "road
trains"--a potentially inexpensive way to automate vehicles.
If cars were automated and networked--communicating with each
other to coordinate their speeds, to allow passing and merging, and to
warn each other of sudden stops --it might be possible for more cars
to use the same roads while at the same time reducing traffic jams,
saving fuel now wasted while idling on the freeway. Automated
vehicles could also save gas by driving steadily --avoiding gas
guzzling bursts of acceleration--or by allowing vehicles to follow so
close that they reduce overall wind drag.
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UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICAL (UAV).
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV; also known as a remotely
operated aircraft) is an aircraft that flies without a human
crew. Their largest uses are in military applications. To
distinguish UAVs from missiles, a UAV is defined as a
reusable vehicle capable of controlled, sustained, level flight
and powered by a jet or reciprocating engine.
AIR SYSTEM AUTOMATION
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Target and decoy - providing ground and aerial gunnery a target
that simulates an enemy aircraft or missile.
UAV CLASSIFICATION
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Reconnaissance - providing battlefield intelligence
Combat - providing attack capability for high-risk missions Logistics - UAVs
specifically designed for cargo and logistics operation
Research and development - used to further develop
UAV technologies to be integrated into field deployed UAV aircraft
Civil and Commercial UAVs - UAVs specifically designed for civil and commercial
applications.
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TYPES OF TRAIN AUTOMATION.
1. Semi-automation with reduced driver control
2. Fully automated control as the sole operating system for
driverless vehicles on autonomous, separate tracks
3. Fully automated driverless trains sharing a mixed
infrastructure with driver-operated vehicles
4. Fully automated control as the sole operating system.
.
TRAIN AUTOMATION
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Cost effectiveness:
Personnel costs take a high share in railway operation and can be
dramatically reduced by driverless operation .
Safety:
A clear requirement for automated rail systems is equal or improved
safety compared to conventional operation. An increased overall safety of
the system seems achievable as human failure can be minimized .
Capacity:
Train automation can help to increase network capacity through increased
punctuality, reduced slot size and moving block systems.
BENEFITS
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Acceptance on the part of drivers:
Drivers obviously associate the loss of their jobs with train
automation.
Acceptance on the part of passengers:
There is widespread unease associated with trave lling in a pilotless
vehicle. On the other hand, the spreading of driverless people movers
and automated metro systems are likely to reduce thi s skepticism. In
the long run, no major acceptance deficits are to be expected,
especially if part of the cost savings is transferred to the customer.
BARRIERS
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Technological hurdles:
Whereas automated metro operation does not seem to meet any major technological
obstacles, a driverless main line operation still meets many challenges especially as
far as safety is concerned. Serious problems arise in mixed operation and due to the
fact that there is no physical protection of the tracks (in contrast to underground
metro lines).
Transition costs:
Although driverless operation strongly reduces running costs, the initial investment
into infrastructure and vehicles is high.
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THROUGH THIS PAPER WE CONCLUDE
THAT THE AUTOMATION CAN BE OF GREAT
HELP TO THE GLOBAL CHANGING
SCENARIO. IN THE 21ST CENTURY WE WISH
TO WITNESS THIS CHANGE IN OUR DAY TO
DAY LIVES.
CONCLUSION
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www.azinet.com/articles/real98.htm
www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/terg/199
pcwin.com/downloads/ - .html
www.brothersoft.com/downloads/ .html
www.technologyreview.com/blog/tags/
www.infrastructuresecurityportal.com/infrastruct
uresecurity_news.asp?...Networking%20solution
%20for%20 %20
l inkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/S136757889
9900718
REFERENCES
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THANK YOU