PRE-ADVANCED TEEN 1 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS … · PRE-ADVANCED TEEN 1 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS INDEX ... Card 1_06 Phrasal verbs Card 1_07 Phrasal verbs ... Put the adverbials in …

Grammar Clinic Cards Online

Last update: January 13, 2010 Copyright © 2010 - Associação Alumni

PRE-ADVANCED TEEN 1 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS

INDEX

Card 1_01 Adverbials Card 1_02 Adverbials

Card 1_03 Adverbials

Card 1_04 Word forms

Card 1_05 Word forms Card 1_06 Phrasal verbs

Card 1_07 Phrasal verbs Card 1_08 Phrasal verbs

Card 1_09 Vocabulary Card 1_10 Vocabulary


Card 2_01 Order of adjectives Card 2_02 Order of adjectives

Card 2_03 Order of adjectives Card 2_04 Past forms

Card 2_05 Past forms Card 2_06 Past forms

Card 2_07 Past forms

Card 2_08 Past forms Card 2_09 Vocabulary

Card 2_10 Vocabulary Card 2_11 Mixed verb tenses

Card 2_12 Question formation Card 2_13 Simple past / past progressive / simple present


Card 3_01 Should / ought to Card 3_02 Should / ought to


Card 3_05 Vocabulary Card 3_06 Logical assumption - must

Card 3_07 Logical assumption - must

Card 3_08 Should have Card 3_09 Vocabulary

Card 3_10 Vocabulary Card 3_11 Should / should have

Card 3_12 Should / should have



Card 3_13 Passive modals Card 3_14 Passive modals



Card 4_03 Adjective + preposition Card 4_04 Adjective + preposition

Card 4_05 Adjective + preposition Card 4_06 Vocabulary

Card 4_07 Tendencies (past and present) Card 4_08 Tendencies (past and present)

Card 4_09 Expressions with talk


Card 5_01 Unreal conditionals Card 5_02 Unreal conditionals

Card 5_03 Unreal conditionals (substituting if) Card 5_04 Unreal conditionals

Card 5_05 Unreal conditionals Card 5_06 Wishes and regrets

Card 5_07 Wishes and regrets Card 5_08 Wishes and regrets


Card 5_11 Unreal conditionals (substituting if) Card 5_12 Unreal conditionals (substituting if)

Card 5_13 Unreal conditionals (substituting if) Card 5_14 Unreal conditionals (substituting if)

Card 5_15 Wish

Card 5_16 Wish Card 5_17 Wish



Card 5_18 Wish + past perfect Card 5_19 Vocabulary

Card 5_10 Vocabulary Card 6_01 Verbs of the senses

Card 6_02 Verbs of the senses Card 6_03 Verbs of the senses

Card 6_04 Expressions with mind Card 6_05 Simple past / past perfect / past perfect

continuous Card 6_06 Review of verbs

Card 6_07 Vocabulary Card 6_08 Review of verbs

Card 6_09 Word forms Card 6_10 Word forms

Card 6_11 Word forms



PRE-ADVANCED TEEN 1 – Card 1_01

Unit 1 – ADVERBIALS

Situation: Alice and Jennifer are talking about the test they’ve just done.

Directions: Read the dialogue and identify the adverbials.

Alice: The test was extremely hard, wasn’t it?

Jennifer: Actually, I thought it would be harder.

Alice: But I bet you studied a lot.

Jennifer: I always study as much as you do. The problem is that you got sick and missed

many classes.

Alice: That’s true. I was really sick. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have been absent for so many

days.

Jennifer: I know that. You are a very responsible student.

Alice: But I’m a little bit worried about my final grades. I usually get A’s and now I’ll

probably have only C’s. That’s not enough to get in the university I want.

Jennifer: Don’t worry, Alice. I’m sure you went pretty well. In general, teachers are not

that strict when correcting tests.

Alice: I hope you are right. Luckily, Jason was at home on the weekend and he helped

me to study math, which is the most difficult subject for me.

Jennifer: And remember that we have some extra points for that project we did last month.

Alice: Oh, that’s true. I’m much more relieved now.





ANSWER KEY:

Alice: The test was extremely hard, wasn’t it?

Jennifer: Actually, I thought it would be harder.

Alice: But I bet you studied a lot.

Jennifer: I always study as much as you do. The problem is that you got sick and missed

many classes.

Alice: That’s true. I was really sick. Otherwise, I wouldn’t have been absent for so

many days.

Jennifer: I know that. You are a very responsible student.

Alice: But I’m a little bit worried about my final grades. I usually get A’s and now I’ll

probably have only C’s. That’s not enough to get in the university I want.

Jennifer: Don’t worry, Alice. I’m sure you went pretty well. In general, teachers are not

very strict when correcting tests.

Alice: I hope you are right. Luckily, Jason was at home on the weekend and he

helped me to study math, which is the most difficult subject for me.

Jennifer: And remember that we have some extra points for that project we did last

month.

Alice: Oh, that’s true. I’m much more relieved now.





Directions: Complete the sentences using one of the adverbials in the box.

never – always –frankly – really – generally speaking – unfortunately – lately – seriously – for many years – probably – by the time – extremely – a lot

1. Kevin will __________ buy a car if he saves enough money. 2. I have ________ traveled abroad. When I go to Paris next month, it will be my first

time on a plane. 3. My mother has been a. _________ busy b. ________. She doesn’t even have time to

prepare our dinner. 4. ___________, Mike won’t go to the party today. His grandfather is sick and he will

have to take care of him. 5. ___________, women are more sensitive than men. But there are some men who cry for

everything. 6. With so many cars on the streets and industries expelling pollutants, the environment

will be a.___________ damaged b.___________ my kids are grown up. 7. I a. _________ see Peter running in the park. He’s been exercising b._______ these

days. He will get in shape soon. 8. I a. _________ don’t know what David is talking about. b._________, I think he is

making up excuses to save his face. 9. Mrs. Williams has lived in that house __________. It’s obvious that she doesn’t want to

sell it.





ANSWER KEY:

1. probably 2. never 3. a. extremely

b. lately

4. Unfortunately 5. Generally speaking 6. a. seriously

b. by the time

7. a. always b. a lot

8. a. really b. Frankly

9. for many years





Directions: Put the adverbials in parentheses in the most appropriate position.

1. I don’t know if Tom was telling the truth. (Honestly)

2. The bus driver was injured after the terrible accident. (Seriously)

3. I’m grateful to my parents. They’ve supported me when I needed. (eternally/always)

4. John got hurt when he fell off the bike. (badly)

5. Adam did a job interview to work in a big company but he was not hired.

(Unfortunately)

6. The teacher is strict with the students. Few of them get an A or a B in her tests. (really)

7. That famous actress is rude to anybody who asks about her private life. (never)

8. The book we’ve just read is deep. It questions some moral standards in society in a

cruel way. (very / awfully)

9. Kids learn languages much faster than adults. (In general)

10. Ashley goes to Miami. She has a house there. (often)





ANSWER KEY:

1. Honestly, I don’t know if Tom was telling the truth.

I honestly don’t know if Tom was telling the truth.

2. The bus driver was seriously injured after the terrible accident.

3. I’m eternally grateful to my parents. They’ve always supported me when I needed.

4. John got badly hurt when he fell off the bike.

5. Adam did a job interview to work in a big company but, unfortunately, he was not

hired.

6. The teacher is really strict with the students. Few of them get an A or a B in her tests.

7. That famous actress is never rude to anybody who asks about her private life.

8. The book we’ve just read is very deep. It questions some moral standards in society in

an awfully cruel way.

9. In general, kids learn languages much faster than adults.

10. Ashley often goes to Miami. She has a house there.




Unit 1 – WORD FORMS

Directions: Complete the sentences using the right form of the words in parentheses.

1. Professor Taylor may be strict but he is very ___________ (know) about English

Literature. His classes are great.

2. A sense of ___________ (fulfill) overcomes you when you’re happy with your

professional and personal life.

3. Amy is one of our best employees. She is extremely a.___________ (efficiency) and b.

__________ (competence).

4. For Lenny, studying in Harvard is not only a remarkable ___________ (achieve). It is

a dream come true.

5. Meg has trained basketball very hard and she has improved _____________

(consider).

6. My brother’s English _________ (skilled) are not so developed. He doesn’t like to

learn languages.

7. The mother ________ (pride) applauded her son when he finished his presentation.

8. I never ________ (value) my parents’ advice but today I know how important they

were.





ANSWER KEY:

1. knowledgeable 2. fulfillment 3. a. efficient b. competent 4. achievement 5. considerably 6. skills 7. proudly 8. valued





Directions: Classify the words in bold in NOUN, ADJECTIVE, VERB or ADVERB.

Then complete the chart. Follow the example.

• You will only find fulfillment when you believe you can achieve you dreams.

• You need to take into consideration that your social skills are very important if you want to be a successful person.

• You should be proud of what you are and not of what you have.

• You must listen to what the elders have to say. They give valuable advice.

• Identifying your competence will make you know yourself better.

• It takes a long time to be recognized even if you efficiently manage the problems. So be patient.

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

fulfillment fulfill fulfilling/fulfilled ---------------





ANSWER KEY:


fulfillment fulfill fulfilling/fulfilled ---------------

achievement achieve achievable --------------- consideration consider considered/

considerable/ considerate

considerably/ considerately

skills ------- skilled / skillful skillfully

pride to pride oneself in proud proudly value -------- valuable valuably competence competent competently

knowledge know knowledgeable / knowing / known

knowingly / knowledgeably

efficiency -------- efficient efficiently




Unit 1 – PHRASAL VERBS

Directions: Match the sentences with the phrasal verbs that best substitute the words in

bold. 1. Helen is going through difficult moments but it’s hard to help her. She is the kind of

person who doesn’t show her feelings and pretends everything is OK. 2. I didn’t have time to read the book for the test. I just took a quick and superficial look

at it. 3. When Sally moved to New York, all the girls in her school despised her just because

she came from the countryside. 4. The demonstrators were arrested by the police and they couldn’t communicate their

message. 5. In a relationship, it is extremely important that the man and the woman discuss their

problems. 6. Did you know that James and Sophia split up? She couldn’t tolerate his jealousy

anymore. 7. Everybody should reflect on the mistakes they made and learn from them. 8. Watching the news always depresses me. It seems that there are only tragic things

happening in the world. a. get across b. think through c. bottles up d. gets me down e. talk over f. flipped through g. looked down on h. put up with





ANSWER KEY:

1. c

2. f

3. g

4. a

5. e

6. h

7. b

8. d





Directions: Check if the sentences make sense (S) or not (NS). Rewrite the ones who

don’t make sense. 1. The criminals are looking into the murder of the millionaire.

2. After the brainstorm, the students were able to come up with many ideas for the project.

3. The president of the company was sad because he got his message across. Nobody

understood what he had to say.

4. Nowadays, many children are brought up by their grandparents. Some parents are not

responsible enough and others need to work full-time.

5. Kathy looks up to her mother. They don’t get along very well and they are always

fighting.

6. Maggie’s classmates like her very much. She looks down on everybody.

7. I couldn’t figure out the message of the film. But that’s probably because I didn’t pay

much attention.

8. David can’t put up with his wife’s behavior anymore. Her jealousy is getting on his

nerves.

9. Kevin bottles up his feelings. He talks to everybody about his problems.

10. Ashley did very well on the test because she just flipped through the books.





ANSWER KEY:

(The correction of the sentences will vary. Check your answers with a Grammar Clinic

teacher.)

1. NS – The police are looking into the murder of the millionaire man. 2. S 3. NS – The president was happy because he got his message across. Everybody

understood what he had to say. 4. S 5. NS – Kathy looks up to her mother. They get along very well and they never fight. 6. NS – Maggie’s classmates don’t like her very much. She looks down on everybody. 7. S 8. S 9. NS – Kevin bottles up his feelings. He doesn’t talk to anybody about his problems. 10. NS – Ashley did very badly on the test because she just flipped through the books.





Directions: Complete the sentences with the phrasal verb and the object in parentheses.

Don’t forget to put the object in the right position and change the verb tense when

necessary.

1. When we are children, we always ____________ (look up to – our parents).

2. Sam was abandoned by his mother but luckily his aunt __________ (bring up – him).

3. Sally will __________ (pick up – her friends) at night and they will go to a party.

4. My sister is the kind of person I can count on forever. I know that she will never

___________ (let down – me).

5. A lot of people __________ (bottle up – things) and they end up getting depressed.

6. I have some issues I would like to point out but I’ll __________ (talk over – them) with

my boss first.

7. The new students are really nice but everybody ___________ (look down on – them)

because they are foreigners.

8. The researcher gave a long lecture but people were bored and he couldn’t __________

(get across – his ideas).

9. After the attacks, the CIA is carefully ____________ (look into – the suspects’ lives).

10. Helen _________ (break off – her marriage) when she fell in love with another man.





ANSWER KEY:

1. look up to our parents

2. brought him up

3. pick up her friends / pick her friends up

4. let me down

5. bottle things up

6. talk them over

7. looks down on them

8. get his ideas across

9. looking into the suspects’ lives

10. broke off her marriage




Unit 1 – VOCABULARY

Directions: Complete the sentences with the right word in the box.

touchy – foreigners – pride himself in – perceived – accomplishment – goals – issues – handle my problems – gadgets and gizmos – required

1. Being the first woman of her family to get into a university was Sandra’s greatest

_______________. 2. The director scheduled a meeting because he has some ________ to discuss with his

employees. 3. Lisa is very __________. You need to be careful when talking to her. She might be

easily upset. 4. It is ________ that the athletes do an anti-doping exam in order to compete in the

Olympic Games. 5. Everybody needs to establish ________ in life. People need something to go after. 6. In general, __________ are very welcome in Brazil. Brazilians are hospitable and

always ready to help. 7. If I’m in trouble I can ___________. I don’t ask for anybody’s help. 8. Josh can _________ his ability to persuade people. It’s amazing how he always gets

what he wants. 9. The way the world is ________ varies from person to person. That’s why people have

different views. 10. Nowadays, most children only play with these _____________. Video games,

computers are all they ask for. The old toys are no longer part of their childhood.





ANSWER KEY:

1. accomplishment

2. issues

3. touchy

4. required

5. goals

6. foreigners

7. handle my problems

8. pride himself in

9. perceived

10. gadgets and gizmos





Directions: Match the sentences with the words that best complete them.

1. Ryan and Tracy told me I behave like a spoiled girl. But I ___________ about their

opinions. They don’t know me well enough to say something like that. 2. Schools need to make students find their main ___________ so they can develop what

they do best. 3. There are people who only _________ about their perfect lives but they don’t do

anything to achieve their dreams. 4. We need to find our ___________ so we can deal with our problems in a better way. 5. Most men complain that women’s frequent ___________ are hard to put up with.

Sometimes they are nice, but sometimes they get angry for no reason. 6. Teenagers want freedom to do whatever they want but most of them are not responsible

enough to have such ____________. 7. Sarah can’t _________ so many bad feelings towards her ex-boyfriend. She needs to

forgive him and move on with her life. a. mood changes b. fantasize c. autonomy d. competence e. nurture f. couldn’t care less g. sense of self





ANSWER KEY:

1. f

2. d

3. b

4. g

5. a

6. c

7. e



PRE-ADVANCED TEEN 1 - Card 1_11


Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words from the box.

goal – bottle up – accomplish – on your own – skill – look down on – fulfill – touchy – think through – consideration

1. Mr. Brown __________________ everyone who doesn’t have a college degree.

2. It’s better to cry than to ___________________ your feelings.

3. She changed career to look for __________________ in her professional life.

4. Reading and writing are two different ________________.

5. She’s very _________________ about her past. Don’t ask her anything about it.

6. Learning to play the piano in three months is one of her many _______________________.

7. His _________________ was to set up his own business.

8. It was very ____________________ of you to let us know that you were going to be late.

9. I enjoy using my computer _________________. I hate people who try to spy on me.

10. People need time to _________________ what the changes will mean to them.





ANSWER KEY:

1. looks down on 2. bottle up 3. fulfillment 4. skills 5. touchy 6. accomplishments 7. goal 8. considerate 9. on my own 10. think through






bring up / come across as / disguise / get across / get down / handle / look into / look up to / snob / talk over

1. Police ___________________ the disappearance of two children right now.

2. Because she’s always quiet, she _________________ unfriendly.

3. His lack of social life was beginning to _________him _____________.

4. I always _____________________ Bill for his courage and determination.

5. He was _________________ by his grandparents because his parents died in a car accident.

6. We must _________________ the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.

7. The president ___________________ the economic situation very well at the moment.

8. I don’t want to sound like a __________________, but I thought she was vulgar.

9. He went to the costume party _______________ as Bill Clinton.

10. _____________________ any worries with your parents. They’re more experienced.





ANSWER KEY:

1. are looking into 2. comes across as 3. get him down 4. look up to 5. brought up 6. get across 7. is handling 8. snob 9. disguised 10. Talk over




Unit 2 – ORDER OF ADJECTIVES

Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses putting them in the

right order.

1. Ann bought a _____________ car. (new / beautiful / blue) 2. My mother always cooks ___________ meals. (healthy / delicious / vegetarian) 3. Peter has just moved in to that ____________ house. (old / big / French style) 4. A: I’m looking for my son. Did you see him?

B: Is it a ___________ boy? (blond / short / very talkative) 5. There’s a ____________ briefcase inside the classroom. Someone must have forgotten

there. (square / worn / leather) 6. The father gave his daughter an __________ doll. (expensive / Japanese / delicate) 7. That _____________ woman is about to become the director of the company. (tall /

good-looking / young) 8. Stephanie was wearing a _______________ hat the last time I saw her. (cotton / yellow

/ tiny / gorgeous) 9. I don’t want to have classes with that _____________ teacher. (boring / math / bald) 10. The child was fascinated by that ___________ dog. (large / friendly / gray)





ANSWER KEY:

1. beautiful new blue

2. delicious healthy vegetarian

3. big old French-style

4. very talkative short blond

5. worn square leather

6. expensive delicate Japanese

7. good-looking tall young

8. gorgeous tiny yellow cotton

9. boring bald math

10. friendly large gray





Directions: Unscramble the noun phrases.

1. plastic / big / a / box / round

2. Scottish / woolen / sweater / tacky / blue / a

3. book / the / old / interesting

4. German / that / restaurant / new / fancy

5. homemade / a / food / mouthwatering

6. pair of/ shoes / classic / my / sport

7. old / a / reliable / friend

8. girl / little / spoiled / blonde / that

9. chaotic / polluted / a / city / overpopulated

10. Chinese / the / amazing / fairy tales / ancient





ANSWER KEY:

1. A big round plastic box

2. A tacky blue woolen Scottish sweater

3. The interesting old book

4. That fancy new German restaurant

5. A mouthwatering homemade food

6. My pair of classic sport shoes

7. A reliable old friend

8. That spoiled little blonde girl

9. A chaotic polluted overpopulated city

10. The amazing ancient Chinese fairy tales





Directions: Describe the pictures using at least two adjectives and the words in

parentheses.

1. 2. 3. (food) (jacket) (house) 4. 5. 6.

(painting) (flower) (dress) 7. 8. (car) (watch)





ANSWER KEY:

(Answers will vary. See a Grammar Clinic teacher for correction.)




Unit 2 – PAST FORMS

Directions: Complete the sentences with the right past tense form in parentheses. 1. Jason ____________ (was jogging / jogged) when he __________ (was running into /

ran into) an old friend of his. They _________ (had studied / used to study) French together.

2. Lisa ___________ (had broken up / broke up) with her boyfriend before learning about

his affairs. 3. David __________ (bought / was going to buy) a car but he realized he ___________

(didn’t have / hadn’t had) enough money. 4. Melissa ________ (was / had been) mad at her brother because he ___________ (lost /

had lost) her jacket. 5. Sarah __________ (was playing / used to play) the guitar when she was younger. 6. I __________ (was waiting / had been waiting) for my mother for many hours when I

___________ (decided / had decided) to go shopping by myself. 7. Tom got angry with Sarah because while he _________ (was cleaning / had cleaned),

she _____________ (was going to talk / was talking) on the phone. 8. Cindy would have sold her house if she _____________ (received / had received) a

good offer. 9. The teacher ________ (had been telling / told) me I __________ (hadn’t handed in /

didn’t hand in) my last composition. 10. Vicky ___________ (cooked / was cooking) dinner when her husband _____________

(arrived / was arriving).





ANSWER KEY:

1. was jogging / ran into / used to study

2. had broken up

3. was going to buy / didn’t have

4. was / had lost

5. used to play

6. had been waiting for / decided

7. was cleaning / was talking

8. had received

9. told / hadn’t handed in

10. was cooking / arrived





Directions: Read Johnny Depp biography and complete the sentences with the verb in

parentheses.

Johnny Depp 1. ______ (be born) on June 9, 1963 in Owensboro, Kentucky. He 2.

_______ (deal) with many family problems when he 3. _________ (drop out of) school to

become a rock musician. He 4. ________ (play) in a band called “The Kids” but they 5.

_______ (split) before signing a record deal. Later, his wife 6. _________ (introduce) him

to Nicolas Cage who advised Depp to pursue an acting career. Depp's first major role 7.

______ (be) in the 1984 horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street.

After starring on the TV series 21 Jump Street during the 1980’s, he 8. _______

(become) a teen idol, a title that 9. _______ (bother) him a lot. So he 10. _________

(promise) himself that after the contract with the series 11. _________ (expire), he would

only appear in films that he 12.______ (feel) were “right” for himself.

Depp 13. ______ (leave) his teen idol image in 1990, after playing the quirky title

role in the Tim Burton film, Edward Scissorhands. The film's success 14. _______ (begin)

a long association with Burton, as Depp 15. ________ (star) in several of his films,

including Ed Wood (1994), Sleepy Hollow (1999), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

(2005) and Corpse Bride (2005). Depp's status as a major star 16. _____ (be) solidified

with the success of the 2003 Walt Disney Pictures film, Pirates of the Caribbean: The

Curse of the Black Pearl, where he was highly praised for his lead performance as the

wacky pirate Captain Jack Sparrow.

(adapted from wikipedia.org)





ANSWER KEY:

1. was born

2. was dealing

3. dropped out of

4. used to play / played

5. split

6. introduced

7. was

8. became

9. used to bother / bothered

10. promised

11. had expired

12. felt

13. left

14. began

15. starred

16. was





Directions: Complete the story below with the right form of the verbs in parentheses.

I 1. ______ (drive) home yesterday when I 2. _______(see) a terrible car accident

on the avenue. I simply 3. _____ (panic) when I 4. ________ (realize) it was my friend’s

car. I 5. ______ (call) the emergency service and when the ambulance 6. _________

(arrive), a crowd 7.______ already _______ (gather) around the destroyed car. Curious

people 8._________ (want) to see what 9. __________ (happen).

My friend 10. ________ (be) taken to the hospital immediately, where he 11.

________ (go) to surgery. He 12. ______ (break) a leg and he 13. ________ (lose) too

much blood. That 14. _____ (be) really dangerous.

A cop 15. ___________ (ask) some questions when his parents 16. _______ (get)

to the hospital. They 17. _________ (modal – understand) how he 18. __________ (suffer)

that accident. He always 19. _______ (drive) very carefully. I 20. ______ (tell) them it 21.

_____ (be) probably because he 22. ________ (have) a fight with his girlfriend a little bit

before and he 23.______ (be) nervous.

Luckily, he quickly 24. ________ (recover) after the surgery and he 25.

___________ (promise) he 26._______ never _________ (give) us such a fright again.





ANSWER KEY:

1. was driving 2. saw 3. panicked 4. realized 5. called 6. arrived 7. had already gathered 8. wanted 9. had happened 10. was 11. went 12. had broken 13. was losing 14. was / could be 15. was asking 16. got 17. couldn’t understand 18. had suffered 19. drove 20. told 21. was 22. had had 23. was 24. recovered 25. promised 26. would never give





Directions: Choose the alternative that best completes the sentences below. 1. When I was a little kid, I __________ when my mother ________ me to eat vegetables.

a. used to cry / asked b. cried / had asked c. used to cry / was asking

2. Laura __________ to cheat on the test when the teacher _______ her.

a. tried / caught b. was trying / had caught c. was trying / caught

3. Before Keanu Reeves ________ a famous movie star, he _________ as a theater actor.

a. became / already worked b. became / had already worked c. had become / already worked

4. When Jennifer __________ to move to another country, she ___________ a tempting

job offer. a. had finally decided / received b. finally decided / was receiving c. had finally decided / had received

5. Thomas __________ articles in newspaper for many years when he _______ the award

for best journalist. a. was writing / won b. had written / was winning c. had been writing / won





ANSWER KEY:

1. a

2. c

3. b

4. a

5. c





Directions: Complete the short texts about what some celebrities used to do before they

started their careers with the verbs in parentheses using a past form.

1. Before moving out to California, Brad Pitt a._________ (start) studying Journalism at

the University of Missouri. He b.________ (drop out) of college and in Los Angeles he c._________ (drive) strippers around in limos in order to make some money. He also d._______ (work) in a restaurant called “El Pollo Loco” in which he e.______ (have) to dress as a giant chicken.

2. Madonna a.________ (work) as a housekeeper. According to her, that b._______ (be)

her worst job. But while she c.________ (live) in New York, she also d._______ (have) several low-paying jobs, including working as a nude model.

3. Sean Connery a.________ (work) as a truck driver, a laborer, an artists’ model, a

weight lifter and even a life guard. But before that he b.___________ (work) as a milkman. He c._________ (compete) in the Mr. Universe competition when another contestant d.________ (suggest) he audition for the stage production of South Pacific. That’s when his TV and film career e._________ (start).

4. When Jennifer Aniston a.________ (leave) school. she b.______ (try) to establish a

career off Broadway. She c.__________ (develop) the desire of being an actress in high school. But as acting work d._____ (be) scarce during that time, she e._______ (support) herself with several part time jobs, including working as a telemarketer, waitress and bike messenger.





ANSWER KEY:

1. a. had started b. dropped out c. used to drive / drove d. worked e. had 2. a. used to work / worked b. was c. was living d. had 3. a. worked b. had worked c. was competing d. suggested e. started 4. a. left b. tried c. had developed d. was e. supported





Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

pricey – reveries – thriving – clientele – homey – surroundings – exquisite – blaring out – entrepreneur

1. Helen got rich after opening a __________ (successful) business. Today she owns the

biggest cosmetic company in the country. 2. Thomas is a great chef who loves the _________ (delicious, refined) French cuisine. 3. When my family and I traveled to Bahia, we stayed in a ________ (cozy and homelike)

little hotel. It was not expensive but very comfortable. 4. Our neighbors throw parties every weekend. It’s hard to sleep with the stereo

_________ (to make unpleasant loud noise) that horrible electronic music. 5. Although Ashley doesn’t earn a good salary, she always buys __________ (expensive)

clothes. 6. Vincent succeeded in life especially because he was a very innovative __________

(someone who starts a business which involves risks). He took some risks and started a new business.

7. Sheila was in her bedroom listening to her favorite song and lost in sweet ________

(dreams) when her mother called her to clean the house. 8. The __________ (group of clients) of the restaurant increased when the managers

changed the menu. 9. Rachel didn’t know if she wanted to move to a bigger city. She enjoyed living in those

pleasant natural __________ (a place where a person lives and the conditions they live in).





ANSWER KEY:

1. thriving

2. exquisite

3. homey

4. blaring out

5. pricey

6. entrepreneur

7. reveries

8. clientele

9. surroundings





Directions: Match the sentences with the words that best substitute the words in bold. 1. When Lucy is sad, she likes to walk around the neighborhood and think about her life 2. The accident brought the traffic on the main avenue to a stop. 3. Uninteresting paintings were all we could find in that museum. 4. People got together around the street singer and they excitedly applauded him after the

presentation had finished. 5. I could see the perspiration in John’s hands before the seminar he was going to

present. 6. When Brian got home and saw that his kids hadn’t arrived yet, he got a little worried. 7. Sarah is known for her refined taste. 8. Harry loves waking up with the sunlight reflecting through the window. a. sweat b. shining c. gathered d. wander e. slightly f. exquisite g. unremarkable h. halt





ANSWER KEY:

1. d

2. h

3. g

4. c

5. a

6. e

7. f

8. b




Unit 2 - MIXED VERB TENSES

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Use the Simple

Present, Simple Past, Present Progressive or Present Perfect). Then, circle the time

expressions.

1. Todd ____ (go) to the bookstore now because his wife ____ (need) a disk for her

computer. 2. Every morning all the children ____ (come) to school on the school bus. 3. Tom and Pam ____ (not, have) any children yet. 4. The Marks family usually ____ (travel) to Canada for their summer vacation. 5. Ann and her husband ____ (live) in Chicago before they ____ (move) to Cleveland,

Ohio. 6. My family ____ (invite) all their relatives for a family reunion last weekend. 7. Last night, my children ____ (help) me clean the house. While I ____ (wash) the

dishes, they ____ (clean) their bedrooms. 8. My parents ____ (never, take) a trip outside the US. However, last summer, they

____ (fly) to Europe for a month-long vacation. 9. I ____ (just, read) a newspaper story about my country, and I ____ (be) very angry

about it now.




Unit 2 - MIXED VERB TENSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. is going / needs (now)

2. come (every morning)

3. haven’t had (yet)

4. travels (usually)

5. lived / moved (before)

6. invited (last weekend)

7. helped / was washing/ cleaned (last night / while)

8. had never taken / flew (never / last summer)

9. have just read / am (just / now)




Unit 2 - QUESTION FORMATION

Write the appropriate question to complete the conversations. A: Chuck !? I can’t believe it! ____________ (1. do) in New York? B: Daniel ! It’s so good to see you. Well, I live here now.

A: You’re kidding. ________________________ (2. when / move)? B: About a month ago. I was going to call you sooner, but you know, it takes a while to

find the telephone book after moving. But tell me about you, _________________ (3. be / here / long)?

A: Oh, yes. I’ve been in Manhattan for a long time. After I graduated I decided to stick around. In fact, I moved out of here for a short period of time.

B: ______________________________ (4. where / live), then?

A: I lived in Boston. Great city, _____________ (5. ever / be) there?

B: No, no yet. __________________________ (6. work) there?

A: Sure. It was my first job as a lawyer. But enough about me. _____________ (7. What / do) recently - studying, working?

B: A little of both. I’ve been trying to have some fun, too. But I still have trouble moving around Manhattan.

A: I know what you mean. Listen, ________ (8. What / do) next weekend? B: Nothing special, But if I can get tickets I’ll go to the theater. I haven’t seen Chicago

yet. _______ (9. why / go / neg.) together? A: Great. But I can only make it on Friday night. On Saturday and Sunday I will be in

Massachusetts visiting old friends.

B: That’s fine ! ______________ (10. where / want / meet)? A: Let’s plan to meet at the theater.

B: _______________________ (11. would like / eat) first ? A: I’m afraid we won’t have time because I will go straight from work. Time will be really

short if we decide to eat before the play.

B: You’re right. __________ (12. can / have / phone number)? A: Oh, I almost forgot. Here you are. There’s the address too. B: I’ll give you a call on Thursday. A: OK. Take care.




Unit 2 - QUESTION FORMATION

ANSWER KEY:

1. What are you doing . . . ?

2. When did you move . . . ?

3. Have you been here long?

4. Where did you live, then?

5. Have you ever been there?

6. Did you work there?

7. What have you been doing . . . ?

8. What are you doing . . . ?

9. What are you going to do . . . ?

10. Why don’t we go . . . ?

11. Where do you want to meet?

12. Would you like to eat first?

13. Can I have your phone number?




Unit 2 - SIMPLE PAST / PAST PROGRESSIVE / SIMPLE PRESENT

Situation: You are reading an article about how chaotic family life is nowadays, and

how housewives try to keep things organized.

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs.

A Day in the Life of a Traditional Housewife

She ____ (1.arise) early, before dawn, in order to fix breakfast and to wake her family. She ____ (2.nudge), ____ (3.prod), and ____ (4.yell) until everybody ____ (5.be) finally out of bed. While everyone else ____ (6.shower), ____ (7.shave), and ____ (8.dress) ,she ____ (9.fry) eggs, ____ (10.make) coffee, and ____ (11.prepare) packed lunches. One by one, the family members ____ (12.come) down to the kitchen. When each person ____ (13.sit) down, she ____ (14.serve) breakfast. She ____ (15.hustle) and ____ (16.bustle), making sure that everyone ____ (17.be) awake to face the day. After everyone had gone, she ____ (18.begin) her day’s work.. During the day, she ____ (19.mop), ____ (20.sweep), ____ (21.do) dishes, ____ (22.vacuum), ____ (23.mend) clothes, _____ (24.wash), ____ (25.iron), ____ (26.scrub).

And today’s mother? She ____ (27.do) everything that mothers used to do and more. Over one-half of mothers in United States today ____ (28.maintain) their homes while also managing to hold down eight-hour-a-day, forty-hour-a-week jobs.




Unit 2 - SIMPLE PAST / PAST PROGRESSIVE / SIMPLE PRESENT

ANSWER KEY:

1. arose 2. nudged 3. prodded 4. yelled 5. was 6. was showering 7. (was) shaving 8. (was) dressing 9. was frying 10. (was) making 11. (was) preparing 12. came 13. sat 14. served 15. hustled 16. bustled 17. was 18. began 19. mopped 20. swept 21. did 22. vacuumed 23. mended 24. washed 25. ironed 26. scrubbed 27. does 28. maintain






smooth – price – homemade – exquisite – helping – ripe – mouthwatering – spicy – tempting

1. She has ____________ taste in art. All her objects of art are so beautiful!

2. ___________ cake is much better than shop-bought cake.

3. I’d like a double ___________ of pie, please.

4. Clothes at Daslu are marvelous, but very ____________. I can’t afford to buy anything there.

5. Mexican food is definitely _____________. They use a variety of peppers.

6. Beat the eggs and flour until they’re ___________. Be careful not to make the mixture lumpy.

7. If you leave valuables in your car, it will __________ thieves.

8. There was this ______________ aroma coming form the kitchen.

9. Those tomatoes aren’t ___________ yet. They need more time to get red and juicy.





ANSWER KEY:

1. exquisite 2. Homemade 3. helping 4. pricey 5. spicy 6. smooth 7. tempt 8. mouthwatering 9. ripe






salty – shellfish – sour – stuffed with – taste – tasty – atmosphere – bitter – creamy

1. She’s allergic to ______________. Every time she eats lobster, she gets these awful red spots all over her face.

2. Her bedroom decoration is _____________. There’s nothing tacky about it.

3. Would you rather have ____________ or crunchy peanut butter?

4. The milk is ____________. Throw it away.

5. The _____________ at home was rather tense. No one was talking.

6. This meat is too _____________. Give me more water, please.

7. I hate pasta _______________ ricotta cheese. I’d rather have it filled with beef.

8. I don’t like dark chocolate. It’s too ____________.

9. That food was so _____________. It was by far the best meal I’ve ever had.





ANSWER KEY:

1. shellfish 2. tasteful 3. creamy 4. sour 5. atmosphere 6. salty 7. stuffed with 8. bitter 9. tasty




Unit 2 - SHOULD/OUGHT TO (Past – Expectations)

We can use SHOULD or OUGHT TO + have + past participle to express expectations

about the past. It’s okay to call Darryl. He should have woken up by now. The package you sent her ought to have arrived already. I bet she will call you any minute now to thank you. Change the following sentences.

1) I think all the students have already finished their final exams. 2) We expect Tim to have filed all the documents by now. 3) We expect Dan to have already left the hospital he was operated in. 4) Call the Lost and Found. It’s probable that your wallet has already been found by

someone. 5) Let’s go out for a walk. I think the rain has already stopped. 6) Kristen and Stanley started dating 8 years ago. It’s probable that they have already got

married. Do you know if they have? 7) Scientists say they expect life on Mars to have been found by 2050. 8) The results have probably come out by now. Call and check if your name is on the list.

9) Harriet’s gone bankrupt. I think they have already closed the store.




Unit 2 - SHOULD/OUGHT TO (Past – Expectations)

ANSWER KEY:

1) All the students should have finished their final exams. 2) Tim should have filed all the documents by now. 3) Dan should have left the hospital he was operated in. 4) Call the Lost and Found. Your wallet should already have been found by someone. 5) Let’s go out for a walk. It should have stopped raining. 6) Kristen and Stanley started dating 8 years ago. They should have gotten married by

now. Do you know if they have? 7) Scientists say life on Mars should have been found by 2050. 8) The results should have come out by now. Call and check if your name is on the list.

9) Harriet’s gone bankrupt. They should have closed the store already.




Unit 3 - SHOULD/OUGHT TO (Present/Future - Expectations)

We can use SHOULD or OUGHT TO + base form to express expectations about the

present and future. We can also use SHOULD or OUGHT TO + be + present participle. It’s 4:30. I expect Bill to be home by now. Let’s call him. It’s 4:30. Bill should be home by now. Let’s call him.

If it doesn’t rain, many people will probably go away for the weekend. If it doesn't rain, many people ought to go way for the weekend.

Let’s clean up the house. I think Mom and Dad will arrive any minute now. Let’s clean up the house. Mom and Dad should be arriving any minute now.

Change the following sentences. 1. We studied hard, so I expect us to get good grades on the test. 2. Let’s not go in. The show is most probably finished by now. 3. Congratulations! It’s a great CD. I think it’ll be a sure hit. 4. Sue expects to be living in New York in a couple of months. 5. I don’t think the turkey is ready yet. Let’s wait some more. 6. Here is $50 for the book. It probably won’t cost more than $ 25. 7. We expect Stan to be enjoying his survival course right now. 8. The play starts in about 20 minutes. The actors are probably getting ready at the

moment. 9. A: I need to buy some aspirin, but there are no drugstores nearby.

B: Try the convenience store at the corner. You will probably find some there.




Unit 3 - SHOULD/OUGHT TO (Present/Future - Expectations)

ANSWER KEY:

1. We studied hard, so we should / ought to get good grades on the test. 2. Let’s not go in. The show should be finished already. 3. Congratulations! It’s a great CD. It should / ought to be a sure hit. 4. Sue should / ought to be living in New York in a couple of months. 5. The turkey shouldn’t be ready yet. Let’s wait some more. 6. Here is $50 for the book. It shouldn’t cost more than $25. 7. Stan should/ought to be enjoying his survival course right now. 8. The play starts in about 20 minutes. The actors should / ought to be getting ready at the

moment. 9. A: I need to buy some aspirin, but there are no drugstores nearby. B: Try the convenience store at the corner. You should / ought to find some there.





Directions: Match the adjectives to their correspondent nouns. Some adjectives may be

placed with more than one noun. 1. haphazard 2. awe-inspiring 3. tacky 4. grubby 5. clogged 6. bustling 7. soaring 8. in-your-face a. _________clothes b. _________town c. _________ plan d. _________ pipe e. _________ advertising campaign f. _________ decoration g. _________ view h. _________ skyscraper i. _________ street j. _________ method k. _________ tree l. _________ music





ANSWER KEY:

1. c, j 2. g 3. a, f 4. a 5. d, i 6. b, i 7. h, k 8. a, l





Directions: Complete the sentences using the words from the box.

in-your-face – soaring – bustling – clogged – grubby – tacky – haphazard – awe-inspiring

1. New York is one of the most _________ cities I’ve ever visited. You have thousands of

activities to do during the day and night. 2. If you travel to Greece, you will find a spectacular and _________ natural beauty. I’m

sure you will enjoy the trip. 3. Jim couldn’t solve the company’s problems because he acted in a _____________

manner. He didn’t organize the plans beforehand. 4. The marketing department decided to launch an__________ poster campaign. Although

it shocked some people, it helped to promote the new product. 5. When Mike arrived with those ________ sneakers at home after playing soccer the

whole afternoon, his mother told him to take them off immediately. 6. __________ skyscrapers are part of Tokyo’s scenery. 7. My aunt always buys me _________ clothes, dresses and T-shirts that I would never

wear. But I have to smile and say that I loved the gift. 8. The doctor tried to open the patient’s _______ artery but it was impossible.





ANSWER KEY:

1. bustling

2. awe-inspiring

3. haphazard

4. in-your-face

5. grubby

6. Soaring

7. tacky

8. clogged





Directions: Complete the sentences using the expressions from the box. Don’t forget to

make the necessary changes.

live on the top of one another– get your bearings – fall prey to - work its magic – put a finger on - make way for the new

1. The president promised to _________ to make this country a better place to live. 2. I know there’s something wrong in this situation but I can’t quite ____________ it. 3. The new mayor of the town wants to ____________. Many old buildings are being

replaced by modern shopping malls. 4. Sandra easily _________ when she went to live in Spain. She said the place was

wonderful, people were very friendly and the weather was nice. 5. Brazilian people are tired of ________ high interest rates. 6. It’s interesting to see that in some big cities, people ___________ and yet they don’t

talk to each other.





ANSWER KEY:

1. work his magic

2. put my finger on

3. make way for the new

4. got her bearings

5. falling prey to

6. live on top of one another




Unit 3 – LOGICAL ASSUMPTION - MUST

Read the sentences and make logical assumptions.

1. John has been running for one hour because he has to practice for São Silvestre. He

__________ tired by now.

2. Who's this little girl next to you in this picture? She looks like you. She __________

your sister.

3. Tom also says he eats well when you invite him over. Your mother __________ an

excellent cook.

4. You have had three car accidents in less than six months. You __________ a careless

driver!

5. The girl in front of the classroom is not a student, so she _________ one of the new

teachers that were hired last week.




Unit 3 – LOGICAL ASSUMPTION - MUST

ANSWER KEY:

1. must be

2. must be

3. must be

4. must be

5. must be




Unit 3 – LOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS - MUST

Situation: David Clayton lives in a large apartment building. All the apartments have

balconies. Davis often sits out on his balcony for hours. Here is what he observed on

some other balconies one day last summer.

What assumption do you think he made at the time?

Example: Apt. 7B – people singing “Happy Birthday.” They must be having a birthday party.

1. Apt. 4R – smoke and the smell of food cooking

2. Apt. 5C – rugs hanging over the railing of the balcony

3. Apt. 6S – a woman and a man shouting at each other

4. Apt. 4B – a small boy crying

5. Apt. 5N – a dog scratching the door

6. Apt. 5L – loud music, laughter, many voices




Unit 3 – LOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS - MUST

ANSWER KEY:

(answers may vary)

1. They must be preparing dinner / cooking.

2. They must be cleaning the apartment.

3. They must be having an argument

4. He must be trying to call his parents' attention.

5. It must be feeling lonely.

6. They must be having a party.




Unit 3 - SHOULD HAVE

Situation: Angela left home in a hurry this morning.

Directions: Make sentences expressing criticism.

Ex: She didn’t turn the heat down.

She should have turned the heat down.

1. She didn’t turn off the bedroom lights.

2. She didn’t feed the dog.

3. She didn’t close the windows.

4. She didn’t take out the trash.

5. She didn’t make sure the oven was off.

6. She didn’t turn the radio off.

7. She didn’t lock all the doors.

8. She didn’t take her keys with her.

9. She took a lot of money with her.




Unit 3 - SHOULD HAVE

ANSWER KEY:

1. She should have turned off the bedroom lights.

2. She should have fed the dog.

3. She should have closed the windows.

4. She should have taken out the trash.

5. She should have made sure the oven was off.

6. She should have turned the radio off.

7. She should have locked all the doors.

8. She should have taken her keys with her.

9. She shouldn’t have taken a lot of money with her.





Directions: Using the words in the box, complete the sentences below. Don’t forget to

make the necessary changes.

harmless – endless – to appeal – to run out of – though – to be mugged – chill – within – tough – lack of

1. Moving out to Italy was a ______ decision for Janet. She had to change her whole life. 2. Zack acted as _______ he was hiding something from me. 3. Lisa doesn’t like to stay out until late at night because she is afraid of __________. The

city is very dangerous. 4. I realized that I had ____________ coffee only when my guests arrived. I had to serve

tea. 5. Sam’s classmates were making ________ jokes about him but he got offended and

complained to the teacher. 6. When Karen left home she felt a _______ so she got back in to get a coat. 7. __________ attention in children may be a disorder and the case must be examined by a

doctor. 8. Literature has always __________ to me. For this reason, I decided to take an

undergraduate course in this area. 9. When the police started investigating the case, it seemed an __________ search since

they didn’t have any clues. Luckily, the witnesses helped a lot. 10. Sarah, hurry up! The train leaves _________ 10 minutes.





ANSWER KEY:

1. tough

2. though

3. being mugged

4. run out of

5. harmless

6. chill

7. Lack of

8. appealed

9. endless

10. within





Directions: Answer the questions below in a way that shows you understand the words in

bold. 1. How would you react if a person in your group gave a daft idea for a school project

you’re doing? 2. What do you like to do with your mates? 3. Do you think hugging is a Brazilian custom? How do you like that? Do you usually

hug your friends and family? 4. What should be the punishment for people who are caught joyriding? 5. What would you do if a guest entered your house in extremely mucky shoes? 6. Has anybody ever pinched your things in school? 7. Have you ever booted something so hard that you got hurt? 8. What would you do if somebody nicked your wallet while you were walking on the

street? 9. Which of your things would you flog if you desperately needed money? 10. Have you ever remained mute because you were too nervous?





ANSWER KEY:

(Answers will vary. See a Grammar Clinic teacher for correction.)




Unit 3 - SHOULD x SHOULD HAVE

Match the sentences and fill in the blanks with should or should have:

1. George is so lonely

2. Marcia is too fat.

3. Mr. Thompson, I’m sorry my homework is late.

4. Uh oh. I’m all of money and it’s Saturday night.

5. Darling, our electricity bill was really high last month.

a) We ___________ (turn) off the air conditioner at night.

b) Yeah. She ___________ (go) on a diet.

c) He ___________ (get) married.

d) You ___________ (try) to get your homework done on time.

e) You ___________ (go) to the bank yesterday afternoon.





ANSWER KEY:

1. c / should get

2. b / should go

3. d / should try

4. e / should have gone

5. a / should have turned





Situation: You are at a friend’s party and he is talking about some people present.

Directions: Circle the correct meanings.

1. Sarah should be a movie star.

Sarah is / isn’t a movie star. 2. I shouldn’t have invited Lucy to the party.

Lucy was / wasn’t invited. 3. Ben should eat more vegetables and diet food.

Ben eats / doesn’t eat lot of vegetables and diet food. 4. Harry shouldn’t smoke so much.

Harry smokes a lot / a little. 5. Tim, you should have had a better haircut.

He went to a good / poor barber. 6. Mary shouldn’t have been hired for this job.

Mary is / isn’t doing well at her job. 7. Tony shouldn’t have married such a smart woman.

Tony married an intelligent / a dumb woman.





ANSWER KEY:

1. isn’t

2. was

3. doesn’t

4. a lot

5. poor

6. isn’t

7. an intelligent




Unit 3 – PASSIVE MODALS

Directions: Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses using the passive with

modals.

1. Children ______________ (pick up) at school in the afternoon. 2. Students ______________ (teach) ethics lessons. 3. The fish ____________ (feed) at least once a day. 4. The plants ___________ (water) every day. 5. Some books __________ (keep) in the library. 6. Remember that you ___________ (neg. - catch) cheating on the test. 7. These kids know how to behave. They ___________ (leave) alone for a while. 8. Some people believe that the criminals ___________ (punish) severely but they

__________ (neg. - treat) so aggressively. 9. I think our test __________ (postpone) for next week because there are lot of things to

study. 10. Mr. Meyer is selling the house for a very low price. It _________ (buy) soon. 11. Some dogs __________ (scare) by very loud noises.





ANSWER KEY:

(Answers will vary. Here are some possible answers.)

1. must be picked up

2. should be taught

3. must be fed

4. must be watered

5. must be kept

6. can’t be caught

7. can be left

8. must/should be punished

can’t be treated

9. should be postponed

10. may/might be bought

11. may/might get scared





Situation: Kellie is giving some instructions to the new maid. Directions: Complete the dialogue using the passive modals with the verbs in

parentheses.

Maid: At what time should I pick up the kids at school? Kellie: They leave at 1, so they 1. ___________ (pick up) around this time, because I

don’t want to keep them waiting for so long. Maid: All right. And after lunch? Do they have something to do? Kellie: They usually do their homework. Then, they 2. _________ (leave) alone in the

room watching TV. They are nice kids. Maid: Really? That’s good. Kellie: After that, the kitchen and the office 3. __________ (clean). But don’t forget that

the books 4. __________ (neg. – remove) from the shelf. They 5. ____________

(keep) the way they are. Maid: OK. I won’t forget that. Kellie: Around 6 o’clock, Rex, our dog, 6. __________ (feed). As Rex doesn’t know you

very well, he 7. ___________ (scare), but he won’t bite you. Maid: Don’t worry. I’m used to dogs. Kellie: Good. After that, the dinner for the kids 8. __________ (prepare). And that’s it.

Any doubt you can call me at work. Maid: OK. No problem.





ANSWER KEY:

1. should be picked up

2. may/can be left

3. must be cleaned

4. cannot/must not be removed

5. must be kept

6. must be fed

7. might/may get scared

8. must be prepared






variety – get one’s bearings – packed – inland – surroundings – classy – skyscrapers – landmark – neighborhood – striking

1. Examples of _______________ are: the Empire State Building, the Sears Tower and the Twin Towers, which were unfortunately destroyed.

2. Bexiga is an Italian influenced ________________ in São Paulo.

3. There’s a huge ______________ of ice cream flavors at that coffee shop.

4. The Coliseum is a ________________ in Rome.

5. There are many ________________ restaurants in Jardins.

6. My sense of direction is awful. I can’t _________________ in Morumbi.

7. Would you rather spend your winter vacation ______________ or on the coast?

8. Let’s leave this place. It’s _______________ and I feel bad in crowded spaces.

9. He switched on the lights and examined his ___________________.

10. You can see a _______________ contrast between wealth and poverty on the streets of São Paulo.





ANSWER KEY:

1. skyscrapers 2. neighborhood 3. variety 4. landmark 5. classy 6. get my bearings 7. inland 8. packed 9. surroundings 10. striking






alley – hectic – homeless – mug – outskirts – pickpocket – rundown – thrill – tough

1. Barack Obama will have to make _______________ decisions to try to fix the

economic problems in the U.S.

2. She found the side ________________ where the stage door was located.

3. I’ve had a pretty _____________ day. I need to rest right now.

4. The ______________ ran away carrying my wallet. Where are the police when you

need them?

5. Winning first place must’ve been quite a _______________.

6. They should remodel those _______________ buildings. They are historic.

7. The ______________ man wandered around the city begging for money.

8. I live in the _______________ of São Paulo, so it takes me more than an hour to

get downtown.

9. A lot of people won’t go out alone at night because they’re afraid of being

____________________.





ANSWER KEY:

1. tough 2. alley 3. hectic 4. pickpocket 5. thrill 6. rundown 7. homeless 8. outskirts 9. mugged





Directions: Which adjectives from the box best describe the conversations these people

had?

animated – pointless – overheard – riveting – frustrating – enjoyable – predictable – boring – one-way

1. Jim and Susan hadn’t seen each other for a long time. They met by chance in the

supermarket and they talked for hours about everything they could. They were very happy to see each other again.

2. Ann talked to her boss to see if she could have a raise in her salary but the boss denied

her request. 3. Andrew’s aunt visited him and she started talking about a lot of uninteresting stories.

He couldn’t help yawning many times during the conversation. 4. Laura and David sat down to discuss the problems in their marriage. But as usual, none

of them admitted their mistakes. They ended up fighting and got to no solution. 5. Tom was passing by Linda’s room and accidentally he heard her and her friends talking

about a party which he was not invited to. 6. Sarah was talking to a Turkish guy who had thousands of amazing stories to tell. 7. Peter, Lucy and Gabby were discussing about their school project but there was no

interaction between them. Lucy was the only who spoke and gave her opinions. The others only listened and accepted what she said.





ANSWER KEY:

1. animated and enjoyable

2. frustrating

3. boring

4. pointless and predictable

5. overheard

6. riveting

7. one-way





Directions: Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

in-depth – recent – memorable – fascinating – lengthy – hilarious – meaningful

1. Brazilian fans will never forget the U2 concert in the country. It was a ___________

performance. 2. Some of us in the meeting were tired of that _______ discussion that would lead

nowhere. It was almost night when we left the room. 3. Nowadays, many people have difficulties finding true friends and establishing

__________ relationships. 4. The film I’ve just watched was ____________. It’s amazing how the director made an

_________ analysis of the human being in a simple way. 5. Jay Leno’s talk show is _________. You laugh from the beginning to the end. 6. Did you hear about the Austrian girl who managed to escape after 8 years she had been

kidnapped? It’s a ________ story. I read it in the newspaper last week.





ANSWER KEY:

1. memorable

2. lengthy

3. meaningful

4. fascinating / in-depth

5. hilarious

6. recent




Unit 4 – ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITIONS

Directions: Complete the sentences with the right preposition.

1. Karl has always been good _____ drawing and painting. 2. Usually, children are afraid _____ sleeping in the dark but my little brother never had

problems with that. 3. Myrian is fed up ______ her father because he didn’t let her go out with her friends. 4. Leslie loves cats although she is allergic _____ them. 5. Paul told me he is interested _____ taking an English course abroad and asked me for

suggestions. 6. Laura fell on the middle of the dance floor and she was completely embarrassed ______

it. All those people were looking at her as if they were about to laugh! 7. At the end of the spectacle, parents were very proud ____ their children. They

enthusiastically applauded their performances. 8. I’m useless ____ playing sports. I always hated practicing any kind of physical exercise. 9. Keith was very late _____ school and he left home in such a hurry that he forgot to

comb his hair. 10. Rachel seems to be serious _______ moving to her fiancé’s house. I just don’t know if

he agrees with her idea.





ANSWER KEY:

1. at 2. of 3. with 4. to 5. in 6. by 7. of 8. at 9. for 10. about




Unit 4 – ADJECTIVE +PREPOSITIONS

Directions: Match the sentences with what best complete them.

1. Susan is dependent... 2. Brenda is mad... 3. Nick was annoyed... 4. Monica is usually late... 5. My brother has never been very serious... 6. Victoria is interested... 7. Many people are allergic... 8. The boss said he was very proud...

a. with the noise. b. to seafood. c. about his studies. d. of all his staff. e. in practicing yoga. f. at her boyfriend. g. for work. h. on sleeping pills.




Unit 4 – ADJECTIVE +PREPOSITIONS

ANSWER KEY:

1. h 2. f 3. a 4. g 5. c 6. e 7. b 8. d





Directions: Complete the sentences below with information about yourself. Don’t forget

to use the right preposition.

1. I am good ________________. 2. Last year, I was interested __________________. 3. I am always late _________________. 4. When I was a kid, I was afraid ______________. 5. I am fed up _____________. 6. I am allergic ______________. 7. I am very serious ______________. 8. My parents are very proud ____________. 9. I hate to be dependent _____________. 10. I am useless ______________. 11. I always get annoyed _____________. 12. I get very embarassed _______________. 13. Today, I was mad ________________.

ANSWER KEY:

(Answers will vary. See a Grammar Clinic teacher for correction)

1. good at 2. interested in 3. late for



4. afraid of 5. fed up with 6. allergic to 7. serious about 8. proud of 9. dependent on 10. useless at 11. annoyed by / with 12. embarassed by 13. mad at





Directions: Match the words in bold with their definitions. 1. Mary and I were just chatting aimlessly when Kate angrily walked into the room

asking if we were talking about her. 2. Jim went out on a date with a girl but he is so shy that an awkward silence was all they

had during the first minutes. 3. When Rose started her classes in her new school she tried to befriend all her classmates

but they simply ignored her. 4. Leo gets angry when we call him a mumbler but we never understand a word he says. 5. Nobody could get a word in edgewise during the meeting because only Linda was

talking. 6. It’s hard to work with Peter. He is an overbearing person. 7. I hate those pushy salesmen who spend hours trying to convince you to buy their

products. 8. What made Tom get his promotion was his assertiveness. a. be friendly towards someone b. a person who tries hard to make someone do something c. when you are not able to say anything because someone else is talking continuously d. talking about nothing in particular e. confidence and self-assurance f. someone who doesn’t speak clearly g. a person who is too confident and too determined to tell other people what to do, in a

way that is unpleasant h. when neither person knows what to say, so no one says anything





ANSWER KEY:

1. d 2. h 3. a 4. f 5. c 6. g 7. b 8. e




Unit 4 – TENDENCIES (PAST AND PRESENT)

Directions: Complete the sentences with WILL or WOULD and the verbs in parentheses. 1. You can turn up or turn down the air conditioning. People __________ (complain)

about the temperature anyway. 2. Laura _______ (go jogging) every day some time ago. Now she doesn’t have time to

practice any physical exercise. 3. Sally ________ (give up) attending the course at the first difficulty she finds. 4. The teacher ___________ (discuss) yesterday’s news before starting the class. He

always does that. 5. My mother _________ (sing) lullabies to make me sleep when I was a kid. 6. When Taylor was in kindergarten, he ________ (cry) every time a classmate called him

chubby. 7. Don’t be upset with Charlie. He may be rude when he is angry but he ________ (regret)

everything later and he __________ (apologize). 8. Julie _________ (drive) her brothers to parties when they were younger. 9. When my grandpa was alive, he _________ (go fishing) with me every weekend. 10. Sarah tries to go on a diet every week but she ________ (eat) all the chocolate bars in

her fridge whenever she gets nervous.




Unit 4 – TENDENCIES (PAST AND PRESENT)

ANSWER KEY:

1. will complain

2. would go jogging

3. will give up

4. will discuss

5. would sing

6. would cry

7. will regret / will apologize

8. would drive

9. would go fishing

10. will eat




Unit 4 – TENDENCIES (SIMPLE PAST AND WOULD)

Directions: Which of the following sentences in the Simple Past can be replaced with

WOULD? Find these sentences and rewrite them.

1. Cindy wrote letters to her friends when she had just moved to California. Now they

communicate by e-mail. 2. Rick traveled with his friends to the beach yesterday. 3. When we were younger, my father took my brother and me to the park every Sunday

morning. 4. Before Sandra started working in a company, she helped her mother with the household

every day. 5. Jim drank too much at the party on Saturday. 6. Alice woke up very early when she was a child. 7. Susan attended a lecture about Ecology last week. 8. Pearl Jam did a great performance in their concert in Los Angeles last weekend. 9. Dana prepared dinner for Brad every night when they were still married. 10. Gabriel went to the museum with his kids last Sunday.




Unit 4 – TENDENCIES (SIMPLE PAST AND WOULD)

ANSWER KEY:

1. Cindy would write letters to her friends when she had just moved to California. Now they communicate by e-mail.

3. When we were younger, my father would take my brother and me to the park

every Sunday morning. 4. Before Sandra started working in a company, she would help her mother with

the household every day. 6. Alice would wake up very early when she was a child. 9. Dana would prepare dinner for Brad every night when they were still married.




Unit 4 – EXPRESSIONS WITH TALK

Directions: Complete the sentences with one of the expressions from the box. One of

them is used more than once.

talking about – talking point – talkative – talk of – give a talk on – talks – small talk – talk to

1. Karen is a very _________ person. In a conversation, she doesn’t let anyone else speak. 2. ______ with the terrorists were an unsuccessful attempt to ask for peace. 3. Melanie has been the ________ the neighborhood since she arrived. People say she is

going out with a famous actor. 4. The __________ of the class today will probably be the elections. 5. Dan Brown will _________ his most famous book, The Da Vinci Code, next week. 6. Linda enjoys __________ her kids. She seems to be very proud of them. 7. All that _________ higher salary was just another rumor. 8. Sheila wants to _______ her boss because she will quit her job. 9. I met a co-worker yesterday but we didn’t discuss anything important. We just made

some __________.




Unit 4 – EXPRESSIONS WITH TALK

ANSWER KEY:

1. talkative

2. Talks

3. talk of

4. talking point

5. give a talk on

6. talking about

7. talk of

8. talk to

9. small talk






eavesdrop – lisp – shout – talkative – overhear – awkward – speechless – whisper – chat – make a final point

1. A laugh can help people over an ______________ situation.

2. I can barely hear her. Why is she ____________________?

3. Lula speaks with a slight ____________________.

4. We __________________ the teacher say there would be a pop quiz today.

5. Mary was there, ________________ to her mother.

6. His comment left me ____________________ with rage.

7. There was Helena __________________________ outside the door.

8. There's no need to __________. I can hear you!

9. I'd like to ______________________________ ____________________before I

stop.

10. She's so __________________ that sometimes I feel like telling her to shut up. All

that talk gets on my nerves.





ANSWER KEY:

1. awkward 2. whispering 3. lisp 4. overheard 5. chatting 6. speechless 7. eavesdropping 8. shout 9. make a final point 10. talkative



Pre-Advanced Teen 1 – Card 5_01

Unit 5 – UNREAL CONDITIONALS

Directions: Make unreal conditional sentences using the situation given.

EX: James didn’t sleep early so he woke up tired. If James had slept early, he wouldn’t have woken up tired.

1. My mother didn’t move to Italy so she didn’t get the job of her dreams.

2. Sally didn’t choose medicine because she would give up the course in the 1st year.

3. Emma didn’t throw a party because she would spend a lot of money.

4. Tina didn’t go to the club so she didn’t meet her friends

5. Billy didn’t buy the tickets for the show because he arrived late.

6. Kevin didn’t watch the news so he didn’t know about the heavy traffic in town.

7. I received a fine because I drove too fast.

8. Thomas trained harder so he won the basketball championship.

9. My father didn’t talk to his boss so he couldn’t get some days off.

10. My grandma took the medicine so she didn’t have a heart attack





ANSWER KEY:

1. If my mother had moved to Italy, she would have gotten the job of her dreams.

2. If Sally had chosen medicine, she would have given up the course in the 1st year.

3. If Emma had thrown a party, she would have spent a lot of money.

4. If Tina had gone to the club, she would have met her friends.

5. Billy would have bought the tickets for the show if he had arrived earlier.

6. If Kevin had watched the news, he would have known about the heavy traffic in town.

7. I wouldn’t have received a fine if I hadn’t driven so fast.

8. If Thomas hadn’t trained harder he wouldn’t have won the basketball championship.

9. If my father had talked to his boss, he could have gotten some days off.

10. If my grandma hadn’t taken the medicine, she would have had a heart attack.





Directions: Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense.

1. Kelly _________ (prepare) a more sophisticated dinner if her husband _________ (tell)

her he would bring some friends. 2. If Aaron ________ (visit) Tokyo, he _________ (spend) all his money on those weird

gadgets. 3. I ___________ (not buy) the wrong medicine if the doctor ________ (write) the

prescription with clearer handwriting. 4. If the record company ___________ (offer) a better deal, the singer _______ (sign) the

contract. 5. The TV news program _________ (show) the shocking images of the accident if the

authorities _________ (not forbid) it to do so. 6. If Carol _________ (read) the whole book, she _________ (explain) the story in more

details. 7. If Tom _______ (enter) university right after leaving high school, he _______ (finish)

his undergraduate course last year. 8. Victoria _______ (win) the beauty contest if she __________ (participate). 9. Josh’s life ____________ (change) completely if he _________ (move) to Africa. 10. If Patsy ________ (leave) her house some minutes earlier, she ___________ (not miss)

the train.





ANSWER KEY:

1. would have prepared / had told

2. had visited / would have spent

3. wouldn’t have bought / had written

4. had offered / would have signed

5. would have shown / hadn’t forbidden

6. had read / would have explained

7. had entered / would have finished

8. would have won / had participated

9. would have changed / had moved

10. had left / wouldn’t have missed




Unit 5 – UNREAL CONDITIONALS (SUBSTITUTING IF)

Directions: Rewrite the unreal conditional sentences omitting if.

Ex: If Mathew had traveled with his friends, he would have had a great time.

Had Mathew traveled with his friends, he would have had a great time.

1. If Alice had quit her job, she would have had problems finding another one. 2. If the doctor hadn’t prescribed the medicine, the patient would have certainly died. 3. There would not be so much poverty today if our government hadn’t been so corrupt. 4. If Sheila had developed the project the way she wanted, the directors would have

bought her ideas. 5. The students wouldn’t have complained if the university had postponed the beginning

of the classes. 6. If the TV news had warned the population about the violent attacks on the street, many

people wouldn’t have left home. 7. If the scientist had given a lecture to the children, they would have enjoyed it. 8. Lady Di would have been much happier if she hadn’t married Prince Charles. 9. If the boys had realized the danger, they wouldn’t have taken the risk. 10. Carmen would have been hired by that big company if she had studied other languages.





ANSWER KEY:

1. Had Alice quit her job, she would have had problems finding another one. 2. Hadn’t the doctors prescribed the medicine, the patient would have certainly died. 3. Hadn’t our government been so corrupt, there would not be so much poverty today. 4. Had Sheila developed the project the way she wanted, the directors would have bought

her ideas. 5. Had the university postponed the beginning of the classes, the students wouldn’t have

complained. 6. Had the TV news warned the population about the violent attacks on the street, many

people wouldn’t have left home. 7. Had the scientist given a lecture to the children, they would have enjoyed it. 8. Hadn’t Lady Di married Prince Charles, she would have been much happier. 9. Had the boys realized the danger, they wouldn’t have taken the risk. 10. Had Carmen studied other languages, she would have been hired by that big company.





Directions: Make conditional sentences based on the situations below.

EX: Mike is not watching the Red Hot Chili Peppers show now because he didn’t have

money to buy the tickets.

If Mike had had money to buy the tickets he would be watching the Red Hot Chili

Peppers show now.

1. Mandy is angry because she hit her car.

2. David feels tired today because he didn’t sleep well last night.

3. I didn’t hand in the essay to the teacher because I didn’t have time to prepare it.

4. My brother works for an international company because he studied abroad for 4 years.

5. Daisy took the wrong bus because she was lost in her thoughts.

6. Ryan is not taking a university course this year because he didn’t pass the exam.

7. Victoria goes to the gym every day because the doctor told her to do so.

8. Joey missed many classes because he got a terrible cold.

9. Paul traveled to Europe because his godfather paid for the plane tickets.

10. The company is seeking new employees because they fired half of their staff.





ANSWER KEY:

1. Mandy wouldn’t be angry if she hadn’t hit the car. 2. If David had slept well last night, he would not feel tired today. 3. I would have handed in my essay to the teacher if I had had time to prepare it. 4. My brother wouldn’t work for an international company if he hadn’t studied abroad for

4 years. 5. Daisy wouldn’t have taken the wrong bus if she hadn’t been lost in her thoughts. 6. If Ryan had passed the exam, he would be taking a university course this year. 7. Victoria wouldn’t go to the gym every day if the doctor hadn’t told her to do so. 8. Joey wouldn’t have missed many classes if he hadn’t gotten a terrible cold. 9. Paul wouldn’t have traveled to Europe if his godfather hadn’t paid for the plane the

tickets. 10. If the company hadn’t fired half of their staff, they wouldn’t be seeking new

employees.





Directions: Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

1. If I had studied harder, ____________________________.

2. If my brother had lent me some money, _______________.

3. I wouldn’t have gotten sick if _______________________.

4. If I hadn’t traveled with my friends on the weekend, _____.

5. My parents would have let me go to the party if ________.

6. I would have helped my classmate if _________________.

7. If the teacher had postponed the test, _________________.

8. If I had gone on a diet some months ago, ______________.

9. My mother would have gotten very angry if ___________.

10. If I hadn’t missed so many English classes, ____________.





ANSWER KEY:

(Answers will vary. See a Grammar Clinic teacher to check your answers.)




Unit 5 – WISHES AND REGRETS

Directions: Complete the following sentences. 1. Monica is short. She wishes ________________________. 2. Peter failed the exam. He wishes __________________. 3. My friend suffered a car accident. I wish ______________. 4. Lisa works more than 8 hours a day. She wishes ________. 5. My father smokes three packs of cigarettes a day.

I wish __________________. 6. Martha can’t speak English very well. She wishes ______. 7. Politicians never keep their promises. I wish ___________. 8. Andrew had his car stolen. He wishes _______________. 9. Phil forgot his wife’s birthday and didn’t buy any gift.

He wishes ___________________. 10. It is raining a lot now. I wish ______________________.





ANSWER KEY:

(Answers will vary. Here are some suggestions.)

1. She wishes she were taller.

2. He wishes he had studied more.

3. I wish he had driven more carefully.

4. She wishes she didn’t have to work so much.

5. I wish he would stop smoking.

6. She wishes she could speak English better.

7. I wish they were more honest.

8. He wishes he hadn’t had his car stolen.

9. He wishes he hadn’t forgotten his wife’s birthday.

10. I wish it would stop raining.





Directions: Write sentences with WISH based on the following situations. EX: I drank too much at the party on Saturday.

I wish I hadn’t drunk too much at the party on Saturday.

1. Tobey ate a lot of junk food and now he is feeling sick.

2. Sally watched a film she hated.

3. I always play on the lottery but I never win.

4. Michael didn’t travel with his friends this weekend.

5. My parents never let me go out at night with my friends.

6. Karl is very upset because his girlfriend broke up with him.

7. Ben doesn’t spend much time with his kids. They miss him a lot.

8. Judy didn’t pass the job interview because she didn’t speak English.

9. People in this room are talking too loud. I can’t concentrate on my studies.

10. The doctor didn’t arrive on time to save the patient’s life.





ANSWER KEY:

(Some answers may vary. Here are some suggestions.)

1. He wishes he hadn’t eaten so much junk food.

2. She wishes she had watched another film.

3. I wish I could win the lottery.

4. He wishes he had traveled with his friends.

5. I wish they let me go out at night with my friends.

6. He wishes his girlfriend hadn’t broken up with him.

7. The kids wish their father spent more time with them.

8. She wishes she had studied English.

9. I wish they would speak more softly.

10. He wishes he had arrived earlier.





Directions: Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses in the correct form. 1. Sam regrets __________ (move) to New York. He is not happy there. 2. I regret ________ (tell) you that your time to finish the test is over. 3. We wish __________ (thank) you for all the support you’ve been giving us. 4. Mary wishes she ________ (have) enough money to buy a car, but she still can’t afford

one. 5. If only I ___________ (start) college when I was younger! 6. Karen regrets__________ (not – travel) to the beach with her girlfriends. 7. We regret __________ (announce) that the president will not be able to come to this

event. 8. If only I __________ (call) him last night! 9. I wish __________ (inform) you that your project was approved and the company is

very pleased to hire you. 10. Joey regrets _________ (buy) an apartment near Paulista Avenue. He thinks it’s too

noisy.





ANSWER KEY:

1. moving

2. to tell

3. to thank

4. had

5. had started

6. not having traveled

7. to announce

8. had called

9. to inform

10. buying





Directions: Complete the sentences with one of the words from the box.

needy – more likely – realize – hire – stray dog – stray bullets – tremble – tale – yawn – regret

1. Alice will ________ a private detective to spy on her husband. 2. Many people in Brazil are killed by ___________ every day. 3. I _______ not having accepted that job offer in Germany. 4. There are students who ________ all the time during the class. Some teachers think this

is disrespectful. 5. The auction to be held next week intends to help ________ people in town. 6. We _________ how dangerous this situation is but this is the only way out. 7. Charlie’s hands __________ every time we tell ghost stories. 8. My sister ran into a ____________ near our house and she brought it home. It’s so cute! 9. My grandpa used to tell me fascinating _________ about his childhood. 10. Kathy is planning what she will do on her vacation. It is ___________ that she will

spend some time in India.





ANSWER KEY:

1. hire

2. stray bullets

3. regret

4. yawn

5. needy

6. realize

7. tremble

8. stray dog

9. tales

10. more likely





Directions: Match the sentences with the words that best complete them.

1. Peter’s bossy way ________________. I hope he never works with me again. 2. During a ___________, Dana hit her car, broke up with her boyfriend and she was

robbed. Everything happened in the same week. 3. In order to win the competition, the competitors have to ___________ 1000 points. 4. Gary is such a __________ boss that some employees try to take advantage of his

kindness. 5. The criminals had an _____________ plan to escape from prison. Luckily, the police

found out about it before it happened. 6. Susan trained hard to win the __________. 7. The _________ new fall collection designed by that famous stylist was influenced by

elements of African culture. 8. Before heading home, Karl wants to ________ his car near the park to take some

pictures of the frozen lake. 9. Be careful with Fred. He is still _________ his mother’s death. a. pull up g. outrageous b. rack up h. gets on my nerves c. softhearted i. jackpot d. streak of misfortune e. grieving f. snazzy





ANSWER KEY:

1. h 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. g 6. i 7. f 8. a 9. e





Directions: Omit “IF” from the following statements and make the necessary inversions

to speculate about what happened to Lucy last week.

Situation: Lucy is in a terrible situation because of a car crash. Two of her friends are

talking about it.

A: Poor Lucy! I wish I could help her.

B: So do I. I wonder how she’s feeling.

If she hadn’t been driving so fast that night, she wouldn’t have hit a taxi.

If she hadn’t hit the taxi, she wouldn’t have had to go to court to talk to the judge.

If she had been more polite to the judge, he wouldn’t have called her irresponsible.

If he hadn’t called her irresponsible, she wouldn’t have gotten mad at him.

If she hadn’t gotten mad at him, he wouldn’t have sent her to prison.

Poor Lucy!





ANSWER KEY:

Had she not been driving so fast last night, she wouldn’t have hit a taxi.

Had she not hit the taxi, she...

Had she not been more polite to the judge, he...

Had he not called her irresponsible, she...

Had she not gotten mad at him, he...





Directions: compare these two sentences:

If I had put gas in the car, it wouldn’t have stopped. Had I put gas in the car, it wouldn’t have stopped. Now answer:

a) Is there difference in meaning? Yes ( ) No ( )

b) What changed in the second sentence?

The word “If” was __________________.

c) When “If” is omitted, do we have:

( ) AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE statement WORD ORDER ( ) interrogative SENTENCE WORD ORDER

d) Thus, we can say that when speculating about the past, expressions with _________ and

__________ can be used. In this case the word “If” is ____________.





ANSWER KEY:

a) no

b) omitted

c) interrogative sentence word order

d) HAD / inverted word order / omitted




Unit 5 – UNREAL CONDITIONALS (SUBSTITUTING IF) Make speculations about the picture using HAD and inverted SUBJECT. Follow the

example:

Had he taken a shower, his feet wouldn’t have had such a bad smell.

1. ______________________________________________.

(he buy a new pair of shoes) / (he throw away the old ones)

2. ______________________________________________. (he have money) / (he buy a new pair of shoes)

3. ______________________________________________. (he at least wash his feet) / (it be so bad)

4. _____________________________________________. (he wash his shoes more often) / (they smell like that)

5. _____________________________________________. (his shoes not be so dirty) / (smell not so bad)

6. _____________________________________________. (he be more careful) / (he not step on that)





ANSWER KEY:

1. Had he bought a new pair of shoes, he wouldn’t have thrown away the old ones.

2. Had he had more money, he would have bought a new pair of shoes.

3. Had he at least washed his feet, it wouldn’t have been so bad.

4. Had he washed his shoes more often, they wouldn’t have smelled like that.

5. Had his shoes not been so dirty, they wouldn’t have smelled so bad.

6. Had he been more careful, he wouldn’t have stepped on that.





Make speculations about the picture using HAD and the inverted SUBJECT. Follow the

example:

Had her mother not died, she wouldn’t have a stepmother.

1. ________________________________________________.

(her stepmother / try to poison her) (she not run away)

2. _______________________________________________.

(she not run away) (not met the Seven Dwarfs)

3. _______________________________________________.

(she not be so big) (she not need three beds to sleep in)

4. _______________________________________________.

(they not be kind) (they not take her in)

5. _______________________________________________.

(she be so white) (she not be called Snow White)





ANSWER KEY:

1. Had her stepmother not tried to poison her, she wouldn’t have run away.

2. Had she not run away, she wouldn’t have met the Seven Dwarfs.

3. Had she not been so big, she wouldn’t have needed three beds to sleep in.

4. Had they not been so kind, they wouldn’t have taken her in.

5. Had she not been so white, she wouldn’t have been called Snow White.




Unit 5 – WISH

Situation: Barry Wood, a teacher at Clinton High School, is sorry that he is not rich. He

says, “I wish were rich.”

What does he say if he is sorry for something?

1. He doesn’t have a better job.

____________________________________________.

2. He doesn’t live in a bigger house.

____________________________________________.

3. He can’t persuade his wife to stay home.

____________________________________________.

4. His children aren’t grown up.

____________________________________________.

5. Teachers' salaries are not higher.

____________________________________________.

6. He doesn’t know how to deal with teenagers.

____________________________________________.




Unit 5 – WISH

ANSWER KEY:

1. I wish I had a better job.

2. I wish I lived / had / could buy a bigger house.

3. I wish I could persuade my wife to stay home.

4. I wish my children were grown up.

5. I wish teachers’ salaries were higher.

6. I wish I knew how to deal with teenagers.




Unit 5 – WISH

Answer the questions your friends are asking you:

1. A: Can you lend me some money? B: No, but I wish __________________________________. 2. A: Are you going to move back home?

B: No, I don’t want to, but my parents wish _____________.

3. A: Do you have any cigarettes? B: No, but I wish __________________________________.

4. A: Is George here? We have to talk to him.

B: No, but I wish __________________________________.

5. A: Do you have to work tomorrow? B: Yes, but I wish _________________________________.

6. A: My car has just broken down. Do you know anything about cars?

B: Sorry. I wish ___________________________________.

7. A: Will it snow tomorrow, do you think?

B: No, but I wish __________________________________. I love snowy weather.




Unit 5 – WISH

ANSWER KEY:

1. I could

2. I would / I were

3. I did / I had some

4. He were

5. I could stay in bed / I didn't

6. I knew something about them / I could

7. It would




Unit 5 – WISH

Situation: Your brother is in a bad mood today and is complaining a lot about his life.

Directions: Rewrite what he is telling you using wish.

1. I’m sorry I don’t live near my work.

He wishes ________________________________.

2. I’m sorry I can’t drive Dad’s car. He wishes ________________________________.

3. I’d like it to stop raining. He wishes ________________________________.

4. It’s a pity you are going to stay with Mom tonight. He wishes ________________________________.

5. I’m sorry that the theater tickets cost so much. He wishes ________________________________.

6. I’d like you to cut the dog’s hair. He wishes ________________________________.

7. I would like every country to stop killing whales. He wishes _______________________________ .

8. I’d like you to stop smoking in bed. He wishes ________________________________.

9. I’d like you to keep quiet. He wishes ________________________________.




Unit 5 – WISH

ANSWER KEY:

1. he lived near his work. 2. he could drive Dad’s car.

3. it would stop / stopped raining.

4. I could go out tonight / I weren’t going to stay with them tonight.

5. the theater tickets were cheaper / didn’t cost so much.

6. I would cut the dog’s hair.

7. every country would stop / stopped killing whales.

8. I would stop / stopped smoking in bed.

9. I would keep / kept quiet.




Unit 5 – WISH + PAST PERFECT

Situation: A woman is complaining about her husband talking about things she wishes

hadn’t happened. What does she wish?

1. She met him.

2. She fell in love with him.

3. She listened to his promises.

4. She eloped with him.

5. She married him.

6. She gave up her career.

7. She didn’t get her degree.




Unit 5 – WISH + PAST PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

She wishes she hadn’t 1.met him.

2.fallen in love with him.

3.listened to his promises.

4.eloped with him.

5.married him.

6.given up her career.

7. She wishes she had gotten her degree.






all of a sudden – good luck charm – take a shot – fortunate – play it safe – by chance – likely – jinx – lucky break – astrological chart

1. There are hundreds of young musicians out there looking for their first

___________________.

2. I bumped into him ____________________ on Fifth Avenue.

3. I’m ________________ that I have such a loving family.

4. This picture is my ______________________. I never leave the house without it.

5. I decided to _______________________ at decorating the house myself. I can’t

afford a decorator anyway.

6. The company had suffered so many disasters that some employees feared a

_____________________.

7. I’ll get my ______________________ with Quiroga. He’s the best astrologer in

Brazil.

8. Children who live in the country’s rural areas are very ______________ to be poor.

9. __________________ the lights went out. It was completely unexpected.

10. When taking a test, don’t run any risks. It’s always better to

______________________.





ANSWER KEY:

1. lucky break 2. by chance 3. fortunate 4. good luck charm 5. take a shot 6. jinx 7. astrological chart 8. likely 9. All of a sudden 10. play it safe






best bet – fate – out of nowhere – stroke of luck – random – skeptical – slim chance – streak – odds

1. The school has introduced __________________ drug testing of its students.

2. “You can trust me”, he said. Jane looked _______________________.

3. There’s only a _________________ that anyone survived the plane crash.

4. No one knows what the _______________ of the hostages will be. We hope they

won’t be killed.

5. The ________________ are that he will commit the same crime again.

6. Corinthians are on a six-game winning ________________________.

7. In a ___________________, a suitable organ donor became available.

8. Your ____________________ is to put an ad in the newspaper. That will increase

your chances of selling more.

9. The thief came _________________. I never noticed his presence behind me.





ANSWER KEY:

1. random 2. skeptical 3. slim chance 4. fate 5. odds 6. streak 7. stroke of luck 8. best bet 9. out of nowhere




Unit 6 – VERBS OF THE SENSES

Directions: Complete the sentences with one of the verbs from the box in the correct

tense. Some verbs are used more than once.

see – feel – hear – smell – taste – look at – touch – watch – listen to

1. The cake ________ good. I can’t wait to try it! 2. The girl _______ a strange noise while she was walking by an abandoned building. 3. The kids __________ the teacher’s instructions and quickly followed her orders. 4. Yesterday, I ___________ the floor and I ________ 50-dollar bill. 5. Howard __________ a soccer game on TV when he ________ the sound of a car crash. 6. Daniel ___________ a bit dizzy because of his headache. He’d better take some

medicine. 7. The mysterious man simply _______ the girl’s shoulder and asked her to follow him. 8. You must _________ this salad. It’s delicious! 9. Has anybody ______ my book? I think I’ve lost it somewhere. 10. We have to be careful with Lucy. She likes to ___________ everybody’s conversation

so she can gossip to the rest of the class.





ANSWER KEY:

1. smells

2. heard

3. listened to

4. looked at / saw

5. was watching / heard

6. is feeling

7. touched

8. taste

9. seen

10. listen to





Directions: Check whether the sentences are correct (C) or not (I). Rewrite the wrong

ones.

1. Michelle is seeing her boyfriend in front of her house. 2. Lucy is feeling much better now that she quit her job. 3. The neighbors are hearing extremely loud music. 4. The sommeliers are tasting the wine to see if it is good. 5. The house is smelling of roses. Did you buy any essence? 6. Nick is seeing the dentist tomorrow morning. 7. I’ve been hearing that U2 will make another concert in Brazil. 8. Keyla is feeling the gun pointed at her head. 9. This dessert is tasting incredibly good. 10. The dog is smelling the clues left by the criminals.





ANSWER KEY:

1. I – Michelle sees/can see her boyfriend in front of her house. 2. C 3. I – The neighbors are listening to extremely loud music. 4. C 5. I – The house smells of roses. 6. C 7. C 8. I – Keyla feels the gun pointed at her head. 9. I – This dessert tastes incredibly good. 10. C





Directions: Complete the sentences with the right alternative in parentheses.

1. Stephanie __________ (looked at / saw) at the sky and ________ (looked / saw) a

rainbow. 2. People __________ (were watching / were seeing) the soccer game when a pouring rain

made them leave the stadium. 3. We have to _________ (hear / listen to) the teacher’s explanations in order to do well

on the test. 4. The girl who has just come into the classroom __________ (smells / is smelling) bad. 5. This apple pie ___________ (is tasting / tastes) too sweet for me. 6. My grandmother can’t _________ (listen / hear) very well. We have to speak loudly. 7. Jason went to the beach and got a terrible sunburn. You can’t even _________ (touch /

feel) him. 8. I __________ (am hearing / hear) a strange noise coming from the kitchen. I think we

must check what it is. 9. Sometimes, talking to my sister gives me the creeps. Out of the blue, she says she

_________ (sees / is seeing) a strange woman waving at her. 10. Your food __________ (smells / is smelling) extremely good. It must be delicious.





ANSWER KEY:

1. looked at / saw

2. were watching

3. listen to

4. smells

5. tastes

6. hear

7. touch

8. hear

9. sees

10. smells




Unit 6 – EXPRESSIONS WITH MIND

Directions: Complete the sentences with one of the expressions in the box.

don’t mind me – mind you – come to mind – of two minds about – change my mind – make up my mind – never mind – do you mind – speak your mind – bear in mind

1. Sometimes you have to __________. You have to tell him your opinion even though it

hurts. 2. I can’t ___________ whether to travel to Europe or to Asia. 3. I can’t think of any solution to your problem right now but something will

____________ soon. 4. Old people must ___________ they have to practice a physical activity in order to be

healthy. 5. ____________! I’m sure I’ll find the way back home easily. 6. ___________ washing the dishes today? I’m overloaded with homework to correct. 7. My parents are ___________ moving to another city. They are not sure if it is the best

thing for us. 8. Couldn’t you find the documents I asked for? _________! I’ll look for them myself

later. 9. Marcia assured me I will ___________ about Argentineans when I meet some.




Unit 6 – EXPRESSIONS WITH MIND

ANSWER KEY:

1. speak your mind

2. make up my mind

3. come to mind

4. bear in mind

5. Don’t mind me

6. Do you mind

7. of two minds about

8. Never mind

9. change my mind




Unit 6 – SIMPLE PAST / PAST PERFECT / PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Directions: Complete the sentences using the simple past, past perfect or past perfect

continuous.

1. She ________ (to suffer) from flu for a few days when she ________ (to be) interviewed, so she ____ (to do – neg.) very well .

2. I ________ (to finish) some work in the garden and hadn’t seen Susan come home. 3. Bill ________ (to save) since Christmas to buy a new bike. 4. Mara ________ (to work) hard so I ________ (to feel) that she ________ (to deserve)

a vacation. 5. After three years Suzanne ________ (to save) enough money to buy the car she

________. (to want) 6. My mother and my father ________ (to travel) for about 36 hours when they finally

____ (to reach) their destination. 7. My boyfriend and I ________ (to look) at the painting for about tem minutes before

we ________ (to realize) who the artist ________ (to be). 8. They ________ (to own) the car for six months before they ________ (to discover) it

was stolen.




Unit 6 – SIMPLE PAST / PAST PERFECT / PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

ANSWER KEY:

1. had been suffering/ was/ didn’t do

2. had been finishing

3. had been saving

4. had been working/ felt/ deserved

5. had saved/ wanted

6. had been travelling/ reached

7. had been looking/ realized/ was

8. had owned/ discovered




Unit 6 – REVIEW OF VERB TENSES

Situation: Alice and Gina are talking about their graduation party. Directions: Complete the dialogue with the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense. Alice: I’m really excited about our graduation party. Gina: What 1. ______ you ___________ (wear)? Alice: I’m not sure yet. I 2. ________ (buy) a red dress and I 3. __________ (wear) it.

But my mother 4. ________ (burn) part of the dress when she 5. __________ (iron) it.

Gina: Really? The party is tomorrow. You 6. ________ (have) to hurry up! Alice: I know. Probably, a friend of mine 7. __________ (lend) me a beautiful dress she

has. Gina: Good. Oh, I 8. ______ (forget) to tell you. Pete 9. _________ (invite) me to go to

the party with him. Alice: Hmm, that’s terrific! He is cute and a very nice guy. But I 10. ________ (see –

neg) him for a long time as we 11. ________ (study – neg) together anymore. Gina: He 12. _______ (tell) me he 13. ______ me ______ (pick up) at 8. What time 14.

______ you________ (go)? Alice: Probably around this time too. Well, I have to go now. My grandma 15.

_____________ (feel – neg.) well lately and I have to take her to the doctor. Gina: OK. So, see you at the party. Alice: See you.





ANSWER KEY:

1. are you going to wear? / are you wearing? 2. had bought / bought 3. was going to wear 4. burnt 5. was ironing 6. have 7. will lend 8. forgot 9. (has) invited 10. haven’t seen 11. don’t study 12. told 13. would pick me up 14. are you going? 15. haven’t been feeling





Directions: Match the verbs in bold with their meanings.

1. I met an ex-student in a restaurant but I didn’t recognize him at first. 2. Smart people recognize their mistakes. 3. I see your point but I still think that being short on staff is not the best solution. 4. Have you seen Daniel around? I need to talk to him. 5. The science project involves observing the plants growing for one week. 6. I observed they were lying since the beginning. 7. “Gary always brings creative ideas,” the director observed. 8. Jimmy was nervous so he darted from one side of the room to another. 9. Brian spent the whole class gazing at the beautiful view outside the room. 10. The police scanned the house but they couldn’t find any clue about the thieves. a. to watch b. to move quickly c. to meet d. to look carefully to obtain information e. to know someone you’ve met before f. to notice g. to understand h. to look steadily at something for a long time i. to admit, to acknowledge j. to comment





ANSWER KEY:

1. e 2. i 3. g 4. c 5. a 6. f 7. j 8. b 9. h 10. d





Directions: Complete the sentences below about the Red Hot Chili Peppers with the right

tense of the verbs in parentheses. 1. Red Hot Chili Peppers _________ (form) in Los Angeles, California in 1983. 2. Since then, they _________ (become) one of the most popular rock band in the world. 3. The members of the band _________ (take) drugs, but today it is believed they are

sober. 4. Anthony Kids and Flea a. ________ always ________ (be) the vocalist and the bassist,

respectively. But there b.__________ (be) many changes on guitar and on drums. 5. Hillel Slovak a. _____ (be) the first guitarist and he b. ______ (die) of a heroin

overdose in 1988. 6. Before John Frusciante a.___________ (rejoin) the band he b. ___________ (sell) all

his guitars to buy drugs. 7. So far, they _________ (sell) over 60 millions records worldwide. 8. In 1998, they a. _______ (release) Californication, which b. _________ (become) the

band’s most successful album. 9. Many critics say Anthony Kiedis’ voice __________ (improve) since the beginning of

his career. 10. Next month, two of their songs, “Higher Ground” and “Around the World” _________

(play) in Disneyland’s rollercoasters.





ANSWER KEY:

1. was formed

2. have become

3. used to take

4. a. has always been / b. have been

5. a. was / b. died

6. a. rejoin / b. had sold

7. have sold

8. a. released / b. became

9. has improved

10. will be playing





Directions: Complete the sentences with the right form of the words.

1. Leslie had an ___________ get-together with her friends this weekend.

a. enjoy b. enjoyable c. enjoyment 2. Many women only find __________ in motherhood.

a. fulfillment b. fulfilling c. fulfill 3. I realized I had forgotten my keys when I got home. _________, my parents were at

home. a. Lucky b. Luck c. Luckily

4. Every time Sheila meets her parents-in-law, they __________ her with all the

compliments they pay her. a. embarrass b. embarrassing c. embarrassment

5. You have to be careful with your co-workers. Some of them are not _____________.

a. trust b. trusty c. trustworthy 6. Lucy is not talking much because her father has just died. She is still in __________.

a. grieving b. grief c. grieve





ANSWER KEY:

1. b. enjoyable

2. a. fulfillment

3. c. Luckily

4. a. embarrass

5. c. trustworthy

6. b. grief





Situation: Jordan is in a small town in France studying French. He wrote an e-mail to

his mother telling her how his first week in the city has been.

Directions: Read the e-mail and put the words in bold in the right column of the chart

below. Then complete the chart according to the example.

Hi mom, how are you doing? I’m having a great time. Some people here are not

very friendly but I was lucky because my host family is really nice and they are helping me a lot. I’ve already been through some embarrassing moments because I still have trouble with the language and the cultural difference is huge. But I’m getting used to living here and I’m not so scared as I was before.

Since I got here it’s been very cold but today it’s slightly warmer so I could go to school by bike. I enjoy the city exactly because you can go everywhere easily by bike or on foot.

Well, I have to go now. I miss you a lot. Love,

Jordan


friendship / friend

befriend friendly ------------





ANSWER KEY:


friendship / friend friendliness

befriend friendly ------------

luck luck out lucky luckily embarrassment embarrass embarrassing ------------ difference differ different differently

scare scare scared ------------- -------------------- ----------- slight slightly enjoyment enjoy enjoyable enjoyably

easiness ease easy easily





Directions: Complete the sentences with the right form of the words in parentheses.

1. It is essential to cultivate (meaningful / meaningfully) relationships in life.

2. Simon ran out of (breathe / breath) after jogging in the park for hours.

3. We’re supposed to help (needy / need) people as much as we can.

4. The (perceive / perception) of reality is (different / differently) for each one of us.

5. After the shocking news, Roy (speechless / speechlessly) went in his bedroom and

started to cry.

6. It was (strangeness / strange) to meet my ex-boyfriend after so many years.

7. Before the car crashed, all Meg could see was a (bright / brighten) light coming in her

direction.

8. The sun will (blind / blindly) my view if I turn around.

9. Kurt Cobain’s drug (addictive / addiction) led him to his death.

10. The (warm / warmth) of the mother’s hand calmed the baby down.





ANSWER KEY:

1. meaningful

2. breath

3. needy

4. perception / different

5. speechlessly

6. strange

7. bright

8. blind

9. addiction

10. warmth






out of one’s mind – fake – skull – overcome – don’t mind – bright – state of mind – change one’s mind – dramatic – blind

1. I thought he was really hurt, but he was just ______________________it.

2. Are you ___________________? You’ve spent more than 200 “reais” on cell

phone calls this month!

3. A serious accident can have a ________________ effect on your family’s finances.

4. In past times, the flags of pirate ships had a picture of a human

_____________________ with two bones crossed below it.

5. I’m not going to ____________________ about this. I’ve made my decision.

6. He struggled to ___________________ his shyness. Nowadays he’s a successful

public relations.

7. In my present ___________________ I’d better go to bed and not talk to anyone.

I’m not in the mood to socialize.

8. I _________________ doing the dishes. I hate making my bed every day, though.

9. Stevie Wonder, Ray Charles and Andrea Bocelli are all _______________.

10. Her eyes hurt from the ______________ lights.





ANSWER KEY:

1. faking 2. out of your mind 3. dramatic 4. skull 5. change my mind 6. overcome 7. state of mind 8. don’t mind 9. blind 10. bright






as a whole – bear in mind – blurry – deaf – impaired – never mind – sharp – throughout – well-known

11. IBM is a company with offices ____________________ the world.

12. This project will be of great benefit to the region __________________.

13. Physically ____________________ people are still discriminated against.

14. Oh, you’re busy. _________________. I was going to ask you to help me with my

composition, but I’ll try writing it by myself.

15. ___________________ that some of the children will need extra help. Try not to

forget about this.

16. I think mom’s going a bit ____________. I had to repeat the same thing three times

until she finally heard me.

17. He’s such a ___________________ architect. How come you’ve never heard of

him?

18. There are still a few _____________ photos of their holiday together. It’s too bad

you can’t see the images very clearly.

19. I left the test room with a ________________ sense of disappointment.





ANSWER KEY:

1. throughout 2. as a whole 3. impaired 4. Never mind 5. Bear in mind 6. deaf 7. well-known 8. blurry 9. sharp

Documents

PRE-ADVANCED TEEN 1 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS … · PRE-ADVANCED TEEN 1 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS INDEX ... Card 1_06 Phrasal verbs Card 1_07 Phrasal verbs ... Put the adverbials in …