By

Zaib-Ur-Rehman

Lecturer

Department of Poultry Science

PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Pre–Brooding

Managemental practices beforebrooding or before receiving the chicks

PurposeTo avoid the stress on the birds

For the sanitation and disinfection

Expose surface to the disinfectant andfumigants

Remove material that helps in multiplicationof pathogens

To avoid different diseases

Following measures are generally consideredfor taking good results1. Selection of area2. Cleaning3. Removal of litter4. Clean the equipment5. Dusting/web removal6. Repairing7. White Washing8. Disinfection9. Fumigation10. Provision of different materials11. Equipment testing12. Arrival of chicks

BROODING MANAGEMENT

Special care and management of babychicks until they do not require artificialheat is called brooding

Types

1. Colony brooding system

2. Continuous brooding system

Brooding

NATURAL ARTIFICIAL

MANAGEMENT FACTORS THAT WILL RESULT TOUNEVENNESS

1. Cold stress during the 1st week

2. Inadequate pre-heating of houses

3. Draughts

4. Low temperature settings on heaters orinadequate heaters

5. Mixing of DOCs from different DOC sources(breeds and ages of Parent Stocks)

6. Inadequate litter and/or dampness under the litter

MANAGEMENT FACTORS THAT WILL RESULT TOUNEVENNESS

7. Overcrowding (delayed floor spaceexpansion)

8. Poor cleaning and disinfection prior toplacement

9. Insufficient equipment to bird ratio andincorrect positioning of equipments. Placeequipments where the birds are.

10.Feeding mismanagement

Colony Brooding System

In this, individual brooders with thecapacity of 300-400 chicks are placed inhouse

Heat is provided with oil, coal, wood, gas orelectricity

They are of different typesi Drum typeii. Coal burningiii. Wood burningiv. Electric brooderv. Gas brooder

Continuous Brooding System

Large numbers of chicks are brooded at a timein a single house

Hot water or air heat the brooder room Different methods are1. Hover Method2. Warm Air Brooding3. Warm Room Method4. Warm Pad Brooder5. Radiant Heat or Heated Floor Brooding6. Batten Brooding7. Tier Brooding

CORRECT BROODINGMANAGEMENT

1. Clean Environment2. Pre – Heating = Minimum – 1 hour before chick

placement = 36 to 40 0 C at floor level. Optimum LPGconsumption in tunnel ventilated houses should notbe less than 18 kgs/K birds in 10 – 12 days.

3. Correct Height of Heaters is 3 feet at placement thenraise to 3.5 to 4 feet at 1st expansion.

4. Correct Curtain Management5. Litter management – To attain adequate thickness,

requirement is ½ bag of rice hulls/square meter. Itmust be dry but not dusty. Prevent/minimizewetness/caking

6. No tunnel ventilation please.

DIFFERENT MANAGEMENTALPRACTICES DURING BROODING1. Litter and paper materials2. Chick Guard3. Proper floor space4. Temperature and lighting5. Ventilation6. Humidity7. Sanitation8. Flushing and supplements9. Feeding and drinking10. Broad spectrum Antibiotics11. Vaccination12. Debeaking13. Avoid predators and pilfering14. Weighing

Day 1

Floor Temperature

Please Compare which is Better

The Aim Of Brooding

The general concept is to accelerate growth rate in

the first week (TO GAIN 4 TIMES THE INITIAL

CHICK WEIGHT) to enhance structural

development and feed capacity intake.

Allow good development of internal organs.

Encourage early uniformity.

Add to maximize genetic potential.

To improve overall health of the bird (ALLOW

ABSORPTION OF YOLK WITHIN 3 – 4 DAYS).

Immune system is developing.

Maternal antibodies in yolk.

Temperature regulation is notcompletely functional.

Low air temp = low body temp

• Feed conversion is most efficient7d = less than 0.94

14d = less than 1.27

Brooding Phase (1-14 days)

Check Crop Fill Check if chick boxes have traces of feeds.

4 hours after placement, at least 90 % of thechicks should have feeds and water in their crop

8 hours after placement, all chicks should havefeeds and water in their crop.

Crop when felt should not be too hard or too soft, itshould have a doughy feeling.

Bad Feeding Practice

2 Day Old

Introduce adult feeders and waterers as early as possible.These equipments should be placed where the chicks areMake them as hurdles so that birds can find them easily.

Light IntensityBrooding = 40 lux minimumGrow – Finish = 20 lux minimum

Light IntensityBrooding = 40 lux minimumGrow – Finish = 20 lux minimum

IDEAL FLOOR SPACE EXPANSIONConventional housing

AGE Birds/Ft2 Brooding Set Up Per Pen of % Area(Days) 30 x 30 (900 birds) 36 x 30 (1080 birds) Occupied

1 5 10 x 20 12 x 18 20%2 - 3 4 10 x 24 12 x 22 25%4 - 8 2 15 x 30 18 x 30 50%9 - 14 1.3 25 x 30 27 x 30 75%15 – 18 1 FULL PEN EXPANSION 100%

IDEAL FLOOR SPACE EXPANSIONFloor area of 11,250 Ft2 = 30 x 375 feet@ 17,000 DOCs = 0.66 birds/ Ft2

AGE Birds/Ft2 Brooding Set Up Per Pen of % Area(Days) 30 x 30 (1000 birds) Occupied

1 5.3 10 x 20 20%2 - 3 4.5 10 x 23.5 25%4 - 7 3 15 x 23.5 50%8 - 12 1.8 25 x 23.5 75%13 – 16 1.5 FULL PEN EXPANSION 100%

Rearing Management

Brooding up to sexual maturity of the birds

The performance of laying birds dependsupon the efficient management during thiscritical period, regarding housing, feeding,watering, temperature, ventilation,sanitation, lighting and disease control

Poor quality pullets at maturity will alwaysperform below breed’s standard of eggproduction, egg quality, feed conversionand size of egg.

Housing Management

Brood Grow House

Grow Lay House

Brood Grow Lay House

Partial Cage Rearing

Complete Cage Rearing

Floor Management

Litter Floor

Slat and Litter Floor

All Salt FloorLine Floor space/bird ft2 Floor space/bird m2 Birds/m2

Mini type leg-hornpullets

0.8 0.07 14.3

Leg-Horn egg typepullets to 18 weeks

1 0.09 11.1

To 22 weeks 1.5 0.14 7.1

Medium size eggtype pullets to 18weeks

1.2 0.11 9.1

To 22 weeks 1.7 0.16 6.3

Feeding

Nutrition Requirement

Feeding Method

Quantitative Restriction

Qualitative Restriction

Feeder Height

Lighting

Light intensity as well as duration affectsthe age at sexual maturity

In season

Out season flocks