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A. PROJECTIDENTIF'ICATION

a) Title:- Pre-Project on "Sustainable and Multi purposeforestry to settle the Tribal shifting cultivators ofTripura State in India by providing viableeconomic activities"

PPD 1/1/05 Rev. I (F)

Tripura Forest Development and PlantationCorporation Limited, Abhoynagar, Agartala, Pin-799 005, Tripura, India

d) Host Government:- Government of Tripura, India.

e) Starting date:- 1st June, 2007

f) Actual Duration (months):- Six Months.

g) Actual ProjectCosts :- Us$ 54,897.00

PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT

b) Serial number:-

c) Executing Agency:-

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PART -,. Ex^CUTIVESUMMARY

I. BACKGROUND INFORMATIONABOUTTHBPROJECT:-

The Project proposal submitted by The Managing Director, Tripura ForestDevelopment & Plantation Corporation Limited ( A Government of TripuraUndertaking), Abhoynagar, Agartala on behalf of Government of Tripura titled"Sustainable and Multi purpose forestry to settle the Tribal shifting cultivatorsof Tripura State in India by providing viable economic activities" IPD 1/1/05Rev. I(F) - Pre Projectl to the International Tropical Timber Organizationthrough the Ministry of Environment 86 Forest, Government of India wasapproved for funding by the International Tropical Timber Council to the tuneof Us$48,114 (Us Dollars Forty Eight Thousand One Hundred and Fourteenonly) at 41st Session of ITFC 13.61d at Yokohama, Japan_ from 6-11 November,2006.

The pre-project was intended to assess the nature and seriousness of theproblem of shifting cultivation in the Tripura State, identify priority areas forundertaking remedial measures, primarily land rehabilitation measures (in theform of raising and managing rubber plantations, either as pure or in mixturewith hardwood species and rattan, through community participation for theirmultiple products), supplemented by activities (such as NWFP development,bio-diversity conservation, eco-tourism, income earning activities from womenetc) to support sustainable forestry in surrounding areas, conduct studies togather relevant information on social, economic, demographic and culturalissues about the forest dwelling tribal communities, consult with and sensitizethe stakeholders about the importance of rationalizing shifting cultivation,explore planners and decision makers with similar initiatives elsewhere in Asiaand to prepare a full-fledged project proposal for submission to InO.

WORK PLAN:-It comprised of the following-

I. FIELD SURVEY: - Collection of Field data and preparation off161d surveyreport covering the socio-economic situation of the tribal shifting cultivatorscommunities including their traditional rights, tenurialissues and current legalposition and nature and extent of shifting cultivation along with information onrecent trends offorestry development in Tripura State.

2. NATIONAL CONSULTANT:- Dr. Ram Prasad, Ex. Principal ChiefConservator of Forests, Madhya Pradesh and former Director, Indian Instituteof Forest Management (11FM), Bhopal worked as National Consultant fordevelopment of the fullfledged project. Dr Ram Prasad has had experience inpreparation and handling InO projects.

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3. STUDY TOUR:- Minister in-charge of Forest, Tripura, and The ManagingDirector Tripura Forest Development 86 Plantation Corporation Limited (TheProject Leader), undertook two weeks tour to tropical China and Japanlearning the experiences of processing of bamboo for value added products.The state of Tripura in North - Eastern India where the pre-project wasimplemented has lot of bamboo resources and its processing and valueaddition can provide economic engagement to shifting cultivators and this mayhelp them to leave the current practice of shifting cultivation. The team visitedthe Bamboo Research and Training Institute and other processing facilities inChina.

4. STAKEHOLDERS ME^TING:-In the 1st phase at 6 places focusedgroup discussions were held with shifting cultivators and other local stakeholders to ascertain their views on the impact of shifting cultivation practicesand how to wean out the shifting cultivators from practicing the present formof forest clearance for subsistence agriculture to lead a settled life based onagriculture and other land based activities and also to supplement this fromprocessing and value addition of Non Timber Forest Products.

In addition two days state level consultation meeting was also organizedto obtain the views of all stakeholders and from experts and policy makers

by local resources persons and presentation materials). This was(supportedto get inputs for preparation of detailed project proposal to benecessary

submitted to ITFO.

5. PREPARATION OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT:- Detailed projecthas been prepared in consultation with National Consultant.

Project Planned duration :- 6 months( from 1st June 2007 to 31st December 2007)

Planned overall cost :- $ 58,675

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PROJ^CT ACHl:BVEM^11'T2.

Outputs achieved

I. . Collection of basic data from field

The Department of Tribal Welfare, Govt. of Tripura had undertaken a survey onthe Jhurnias (shifting cultivators) of Triptira in 1987. An estimated 55,049households with a population of 2,88,390 practice shifting cultivation inTripura. 'Out of these 21,677 households are fully dependent on shiftingcultivation and the other 33,372 households are only partially dependent on it.Though Jhum (shifting) cultivation was a common practice among the tribal

population in the past, now about 50% of them have turned to settledcultivation. Most the Jhum cultivators in the state belong Tripuri communityfollowed by the people of the Reang community. Among the 19 tribalcommunities only two Bhuttias and Chaimals do not practice shiftingcultivation. InterestingIy, the tribes originating from the main land - Sarithal,Munda, etc. have also adopted shifting cultivation.

The State Forest Department undertook a survey of the Jhumias all over and itis seen that the maximum number of shifting cultivators concentrate in Dhalaidistrict. The Tripuri and the Reang community are the largest of the shiftingcultivators and it is also seen that some non tribal in the West Tripura districthave adopted shifting cultivation as a means of livelihood. Maximumconcentrations are seen in the Damboornagar and Dasda Rural Developmentblocks. The latest survey carried out by forest department puts the figure ofpracticing shifting cultivators to 27530 households which are distributed inDhalai, North, South and West districts of Tripura. These households arereportedIy dependent on shifting cultivations as there is no other alternativeeconomic activity available for their livelihood. In order to ensure sustainableforest management therefore, it is essential to engage them in economicactivities such as rubber plantation which has shown maximum acceptanceamong these communities. Tripura Government has been trying with differentrehabilitation models for settlement of shifting cultivators with varying degreeof success. Tripura Forest Development and Plantation Corporation Limitedhave so far raised about 11,000 ha of rubber plantation on degraded forestlands till August 2006.

2. Focused group discussion were held in the field at many places namelyChampaknagar, Baramura, Warangbari under West Tripura District, Garifa,Kathalchari, South Vjjoypur in South Tripura District and Jeolcherra, Ambassaand Puberai Para under Dhalai Dristrict, to ascertain the views of shiftingcultivators and others for weaning out the communities from currentdestructive practices to settled life with economic package such as settledagriculture, fisheries, bamboo processing and value addition and processing ofother NWFP.

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3. Study tourto China

The Chinese visit was a very useful experience for the Indian delegation as tohow a big country with a population of more than 1.3 billion people can takeup the task of nation building. The social infrastructure of Roads, Railways,Civil Aviation, Electricity, Water, Medical and Health Care, Markets andIndustry etc are all world class and creating economical boom and triggering agrowth of more than 10% annually. The results of this were also seen in Socialdevelopment and redtiction in Poverty. The results were also visible from thepoint of view of Forestry as between the year 1990 and 2000, China recorded

an annual 1.2 percent expansion rate or 1.8 million ha of forests, whileelsewhere in the world forest were shrinking by 0.2 percent a year.

The visit to China has opened up opportunities of bilateral cooperation betweenTripura Government/Entrepreneurs and Chinese Bamboo industries. AtNanjing the Indian delegation held substantial talks with the academicians,University administration and senior scientists of Bamboo EngineeringResearch Center regarding the possible parameters of cooperation betweenTripIxra and Chinese entrepreneurs.

A team of scientists lead by Prof. Zhang Qisheng, President, BambooEngineering Research Centre of Nanjing Forestry University visited Tripura andinteracted with the stakeholders for value addition and promotion of Bambooin the state and signed a Mou for sharing of technology etc.

The ITFO pre-project consultant was requested to include, apart from Rubber,Bamboo as a source of livelihood for the tribal shifting cultivators and a modelproject be included in the ITFO project report. The project shotild have atransfer of technology component and a demonstration project as part of thedevelopment of a modelfor settlement of tribal Jhumias and sustainable forestmanagement.

The Center for excellence under the JBIC Project should be involved in theprocess of development of Bamboo sector with Chinese technology and BERCshould be included as training and collaborating institute for training theIndian entrepreneurs/officers and for transfer of Bamboo industrial technology.

4. State level consultation meetingDetail report enclosed in annexure I

5. Development offuntiedged projectA detailed project report in the field of Reforestation and forest

management, sustainable forest management, rehabilitation of shiftingcultivation has been prepared and submitted to ITFO.

3. TARGETB:BNEF'ICIARY'SINVOLVEIMBNT

The pre-project involved shifting cultivators covering most tribal groups, otherline departments, NGOs, and academics. This was done by organizing fieldtours and consultation workshops. Their views were taken in formulating afullfledged project which has now been submitted to Govt. of India forsubmission to ITFO.

During field visits the national consultant and other stake holders visitedthe shifting cultivators households and also had forest transect walk to

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participatory learning about the ecological impacts of current s itingcultivation practices and how to improve the situation towards sustaina eforestry development by providing alternative economic incentives to shitingcultivators based on processing ofNWFP and bamboo.

The rehabilitation package has also been evolved through consultation withbeneficiaries. Rubber plantation, wherever feasible, has been providing goodeconomic support to shifting cultivators. They are willing to engage in this formof alternative income generation. The shifting cultivators who are generally inthe category of'dollar a day'income are getting on an average $250 per monththrough rubber plantation. Till rubber matures for harvesting of latex theintermediate crops of bamboo, medicinal herbs, and other agro forestry cropscan support the beneficiaries. This model has been advocated by all theshifting cultivators involved in discussion through the implementation of pre-project. This rehabilitation modelis the basic frame work included in the mainproject which has been submitted to Govt. of India for submission to ITTO.

The study tour particularly to China helped in understanding how bambooresources of the state particularly in shifting cultivation areas' can eprofitably LISed to provide sustained economic benefitto the beneficiarieswhen they shift from shifting cultivation to settled agriculture. The ChineseInstitutions agreed to transfer of technology and capacity building of theshifting cultivators in setting up of processing centres in state.

In addition to above practices the shifting CLIltivators also expressed theirdesire to lead a settled life through agriculture and allied activities at suitableplaces without destroying further forest areas. State Government had earlierprovided surplus agricultural land to such beneficiaries at appropriate places.State Govt. is also committed to sustainable forestry development and thereforethe income from rubber plantation is all to be passed on to the beneficiaries.

in projectCapacity building of beneficiaries and front line field forestersimplementation was also done through shortterm training.

A detailed project has been prepared incorporating the above pre-projectlearning.

4. LESSONS L^ARI, '^D (THIS Is NOT R^QUiR^D)

RECOMM^110ATION5.

A Project Proposal on "Sustainable and Multipurpose forestry to settlethe tribal shifting cultivators of Tripura State in North-Eastern India byproviding viable economic activities' has been prepared based on studies madeduring this Pre-project.

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PART -111

A fullfledge project on "Sustainable and Multipurpose forestry to settlethe tribal shifting cultivators of Tripura State in North-Eastern India byproviding viable economic activities" has been prepared based on studies madeduring this project.

The purpose of this project is to operationalize, through actualimplementation on pilot scale an appropriate package of practices for ecorestoration of shifting cultivation areas in the form of raising and managingRubber plantations, either as pure or in mixture with hard wood species andbamboo through community participation for their multiple products. This tobe coupled with activities such as NWFP development, biodiversityconservation, agro forestry and other income generating activities for thepracticing shifting cultivators so as to encourage them to adopt settled andsustainable forest based economic activities and thus contribute to

sustainable forest development in the state of Tripura. These models ofpractices are to be implemented at four pilot sites in different parts of TripIJra.In addition four common facility centres are proposed to be set up forprocessing of different forest products so as to provide sustained income toshifting cultivators. These models having being implemented, refined andadapted in the state of Trip\,. ra could then be replicated in other north-easternstates of India affected by shifting cultivation.

The factors leading to shifting cultivations and unsustainable forestmanagement in India and in the state of Tripura as evidenced in the loss offorest cover and forest degradation are the weaknesses and failures in the strictimplementation of sustainable forest management practices. These failures inturn are caused due to several constraints and SOCio economic conditions

which are not properly identified (even though they can be seen reflected inseveral indicators) or adequately addressed.

The specific objectives of the project, therefore, are:I. To develop and operationalize a multipurpose forestry and other land

based package and practices with community participation forrestoration of shifting cultivation areas.

2. To establish an institutional capacity for forest based sustainablelivelihood support activities through the establishment primaryprocessing facility in the vicinity of villages and secondary and tertiaryprocessing facilities at other appropriate locations.These specific objectives will be achieved through the project outputs

namely; An ecologicalIy and SOCio economicalIy feasible rehabilitation modelinselected locations representing forest types and communities; a ten yearrehabilitation plan for state of Tripura; manuals I guidelines for implementingthe rehabilitation package for application in Tripura and other places; settingup four pilot sites of 100 ha each covering 100 hotise holds at each sites for

CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMM:BNDATION

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implementation of model; development of functional and expert rehabilitationinformation system; four pilot common facility centres;increased commitmentat the national level for rehabilitation Of shifting cultivation areas; competenthuman resource development; strengthen institutional structure; organizedand functioning participatory arrangement for rehabilitation of shiftingcultivation and settlement of jhumias so as to lead to SPM/SED; developmentof an adequate system for forest valuation; an operational plan forrehabilitation related research and technology development; a system formonitoring and evaluation of implementation of rehabilitation of shiftingcultivation and settlement ofjhumias.

Shifting cultivators are proposed to be provided food and health securitythrough the different schemes of the Tripura Govt. on behalf of executinagency. This would sustain them particularly during next 3-4 years ofplantation. After aboutfouryears the plantations of Bamboo and Rubber wouldstart giving return to affected communities. The state government is committedto provide reasonable educational facility in the new settlement so that theshifting cultivators could volunteer to move to settled agriculture from shiftingcultivation. However, the project is not likely to enforce any law to move themto a new place. The entire process is proposed to be participatory and with fullinvolvement of local communities, government and NGOs. This has beenendorsed by workshop participants who included the Honorable ForestMinister on behalf of Govt. of Tripura as well as senior administrative officer ofthe state. The experience of state govt. so far has been very encouraging andwith anthe new facilities proposed to be created during project period is boundto get their (shifting cultivators) participation in full measure.

Thus, The project will be characterized by serious capacity buildingefforts and effective dissemination of information on developing package ofpractices for eco-restoration of shifting cultivation areas and sustainedeconomic engagement of Jhurnias (shifting cultivators) so as to encouragethem to participate in sustainable forest management practices in the state ofTripura and elsewhere through demonstration effects.

Responsible f

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Name : SriA. K. Sinha

Position held: Chairman and Managing DirectorDate:

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the Report

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State level consulting meeting

Tl!e Corporation has been sanctioned an international Project titledSustainable and Multi purpose forestry to settle the Tribal shifting cultivatorsof Tripura State in India by providing viable economic activities" IPD 1/1/05Rev. I(F) - Pre Projectl by the International Tropical Timber Organization. TheProject is being implemented by the Corporation with the help of NationalConsultant Research staff of Women's College under the leadership of Dr. V. K.Bahuguna, Managing Director, TFDPC Ltd who is the Project Director of theProject.

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Hon'ble Forest Minister Sri Jitendra Chowdhuryinaugurating the ITTO Workshop on 23' November2007 atPragya Bhawan

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Annexure I

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Mukhetjee, Visva BharatiUniversity, Faculty members of Tripura University, Government officials, NGO'sand Practicing Jhumias. Feedback received from the workshop was foundeffective and will be incorporated in the draft project report.

Proceedings of the workshop of the International Tropical TimberOrganization pre-Project on Sustainable and multipurpose forestry tosettle the tribal shifting cultivators of TripiLra with viable Economicactivities" organized at Pragna Bhava, I Pt. Ilehru Complex, Agartala onthe 23, d November, 07.

The Tripura Forest Development 86 Plantation Corporation Ltd. has organized aone day workshop at Pragna Bhavan, Pt. NGhru Complex, Agartala on the 23November, 07 to chart out the course for development of sustainable andmultiple forestry to settle the tribal shifting cultivator families of Tripura with

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For finalizing the project aworkshop was organized bythe Corporation. Intellectualsand stake holders have been

invited for getting their viewsfor successful preparationand implementation of InOProject. The workshop have

F1 been attended by Hon'bleForest Minister Sri Jitendra

Chowdhury, Sri S. K. Panda,Principal Secretary, Govt. ofTripura, Sri R. P. Tangwari,PCCF, Govt. of Tripura, Dr.

NationalPrasad,Ram

Consultant, ITFO Project, Dr.V. K. Bahtiguria, Addl. PCCF 86Managing Director, TFDPC

AparajitaProf.Ltd,

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viable economic activities with financial assistance from the InternationalTropical Timber Organization. The bon'ble Minister for Forests was the ChiefGuest of the programme who inaugurated the workshop by lighting the lamp.

The keynote address was delivered by Dr. V K Bahuguna, Managing Director ofthe Corporation, who is also the Project Director of the Tripura ITFO pre-project. In his keynoteaddress,Dr. Bahug\}na dwelt upon thefunctioning of the Corporation,the back ground of the project,the genesis, its relevance andnecessity. Dr. Bahuguna throughpower point presentation gave anaccount on the quantum ofdamage done to the forests duethe deleterious practice ofshifting cultivation by the peoplein the hills of the state. It has

been concisely explained by himas to how the reduced shiftingcultivation Uhum) cycle has

only theimpoverished not

economy of the tribal families but

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also rendered the topsoil of the land infertile, due to loss of soil nutrients goingwith the surface runoff and this has adversely affected the site productivity. Hesummed up his address by outlining the aim of the workshop which he saidwas intended to visualize the appropriate package of practices to be adopted inthe project for eco -restoration of the ravaged shifting cultivation areas. Theseinclude raising and managing rubber plantations, either in pure form or inmixture with other hard wood

species and bamboo throughcommunity participation. He

impressed upon the stakeholderspresentin the workshop to activelyparticipate in the discussion tohelp evolve a roadmap for ecorestoration of shifting cultivation

of the state throughareas

economicalIy viable option for theresettlement of tribal populationand thus ensure sustainable forest

management and sustainablelivelihood.

Mr S K Panda, Principal Secretary,Planning Department, Govt. of

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Managing Director, TFDPC Ltd presenting thestudy report on ITTO in his key note address.

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Hon'ble Forest Minister, Principal Secretary,PCCF, Additional PCCF and Dr. Ram Prasad,

National Consultantin ITTO workshop.

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Tripura also addressed the workshop participants and observed that the govt.of Tripura has been attempting to settle the tribal shifting cultivators for a longperiod of time but it has fallen short of expectations. He further observed thatgainful settlement of the shifting cultivators through a holistic projectconceived by the TFDPC to be posed to International Tropical TimberOrganization (ITFO) would definitely yield result. He further observed thatjudicious mix of latest and relevant technology would make the projectsuccessful.

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Dr. Rain Prasad, National Consultant, ITTOProject addressing the ITTO workshop.

successful. Already the programme is being implemented in 21 such sites. TheTrio project may consider this approach and it may be integrated with theproject.Dr. Ram Prasad was the Special guest and National consultant for assistancein the development of a fullfledged project for submission to ITFO through

Govt

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Mr R P Tan^van, PCCF, Tripurain his address mentioned aboutvarious schemes that the Forest

past and efforts taken sinceindependence to settle the tribalshifting cultivators. The tribaleconomy is stagnating because

agriculturalunviableof

honeycombThepractices.pattern of living in the forestshas aggravated the problemfurther. He considered that the

concept of Re-grouping of theforest villages with endeavor toimprove the social infrastructureof the villages is considered to be

; Department had executed in the

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Participant in the Stakeholders Workshop of the ITTO Pro^Ct

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a detailed account on the back ground and functioning of the InO. Heexplained that the ITFO Pre-project aims to develop and operationalize amultipurpose forestry and other land based package and practices withcommunity participation for restoration of shifting cultivation areas. And alsoto establish an institutional mechanism for forest based sustainable livelihood

support activities through the establishment of primary processing facility inthe vicinity of villages, secondary and tertiary processing facilities at otherappropriate locations.The Hon'ble Minister for Forests Mr. Jitendra Chaudhury in his addressappreciated the consideration of ITFO for selecting the state for implementationof the Project. He expressed that the reduction and management of shiftingcultivation practice is prerequisite for improving the quality of the forestresources, its cover and productivity so that finally people of the state arebenefited through their SOCio economic development. He also explained that notimeline is attached with the Endeavour nor it would be forced on any body butthrough participatory implementation of the project an environment would becreated when people themselves would realize the futility of such faulty andunwholesome agriculture practices. He urged upon the Project sanctioningauthority to arrange for issue of green signal so that the project may take off atthe earliest.

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Technical Session I

The Hon'ble Minister for Forests had chaired the session for the reasons that

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The FCCF, Tripura addressing the ITTO workshop

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initial years of the Project. This would also Gritail financial return to thegrowers.

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from the members ofresponse

*'; the stakeholders. The ProjectI. Director, Tripura InO project

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Dr. Bahuguna and the SpecialGuest speaker Dr. Ram Prasadhad explained in clear termsabout the modalities of the

Project and how would it help inmitigating the adverse impactsof the fire ravaged forest areas ofthe state. It was agreed that

and otherturmeric and ginger

similar cash crops whose growthwould not be impaired because

closure of the rubberof canopy

trees would be encouraged in the

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This session was chaired

TFDPC Ltd. After elaboratediscussion it was decidedform two fromgroups

amongst the participants/

Dr. V K Bahuguna, MD of

stake holders to discuss, j, ,-;;;;;\$13finalize and come out with

recommendations of the

practices to be integratedwith the Project. The twoGroups so formed were

topics for

recommendations:

Technical Session 11

provided with the following

I. Socio-economic aspect to be included in the project.2. Plantation model- ECo -restoration of the shifting cultivation sites

After detailed deliberations the following recommendations emerged in theTechnical session

I. The choice of the people in selecting the species to be ensured.2. The concept ofJFM and SHG would be the core of the Project.3. The economic activities shall have to be tied up with the Banks.4. The local demand of the produces shall have to be met first.5. The local inherent skill shall be harnessed and integrated with the project.6. The Bamboo and craft bazaar shall be the nucleus of the Project.7. Pisci-culture and fish processing/ preservation to be given weight age.8. Culture of education to be imparted.9. Propagation of Bamboo/ Medicinal Plants/Orchids to be encouraged.

Agarbattistick making in the modellizzat papad may be considered.10.

Plantation ofjudicious mix of high value indigenous trees to be created.I I .

Markettie up for value addition shall have to be ensured.12.

The project shall consist of the component of health care, nutrition and13.

education to address the overall needs of the shifting cultivator families.

The valedictory SessionThe valedictory address was given by Sri. Nirbhajoy Tripura of Chhamanu, ,Longthorai Valley, a tribal shifting cultivator himself, appreciated the differentelements proposed to be integrated in the project and wanted Rubber basedpackage along with Gondoki ,^. IOCossict odorato), a tuber available in the forestshaving medicinal value for the project.

theirHon*ble Forest Minister addressing the ITTO workshop

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Valedictory Address by SriT*nthhajoyTripura, Practicing Shifting Cultivator

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the efforts of TF08cPC in making a bold initiative on reconciling the issue ofeco-restoration of Shifting cultivation and sustained livelihood of poor shiftingcultivators.

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The roadmap for integrateddevelopment of the crucial sector ofsustainable and multipurpose forestryto settle the tribal shifting cultivatorsas per the choice of the people havethus emerged in the workshop. Theproject proposal presented by the

broadlynational consultant

endorsed by one and all present in theworkshop. It was agreed that theproject after appropriate incorporationmay be submitted to Govt of India to beforwarded to Trio for funding support.The day long deliberation ended wit avote of thanks to chair and by Iauding

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