Precarious Work in AsiaDescriptive Statistics

Joe BongioviSeoul, Korea

July 19- 20, 2011

Regional Political ContextChina WWII/ Civil War Mao Post Mao Communism

India WWII/ Independence Parliamentary Democracy

Indonesia WWII/ Independence Suharto Democratic Opening

Japan WWII/ Rebuilding Liberal Democratic Regime

Korea WWII/ Korean War Military Dictatorship Democratic Opening

Philippines WWII/ Independence Marcos Dictatorship Democratic Opening

Sri Lanka WWII/ Independence Ethnic Conflict Civil War Post War Consolidation

Taiwan WWII/ Civil War KMT Dictatorship Democratic Opening

Thailand WWII/ Occupation Constitutional Monarchy Military Backed Government

Vietnam WWII/ Civil War Vietnam War Unification under Communist Government

1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980s 1990s 2000’s

Key Context Takeaways

• Every country was directly affected by WWII• Each country went through a period of

political transition, either independence, civil war or regime change

• Most of the post conflict period was under authoritarian regimes

• With most transitioning to elected, or at least liberalizing governments from the 1980s

(Country) Employment StatisticsTotal Pop

%Labor Force

% Agriculture

% Industry

% Services

% Unemployed

% Part Time

% Vulnerable

% Wage/ Salary

% Employers

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

(Country) Employment Sector & Status

Own Account Employer Contributing Family Employees Coop Members Worker MembersInformal | Formal Informal | Formal Informal | Formal Informal | Formal Informal | Formal

FormalSector O O X X O OEnterprises

Informal Sector X X X X O XEnterprises

Households X X O

(Country) Representation StatisticsU Density

Contract %

# Disputes MOVE TO CONTEXT

# involved

# Days

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Economic Security IndicesLabour market security, which includes adequate employment opportunities through full

employment policies; Employment security, which is protection against arbitrary dismissal and regulations on hiring and

firing; Job security, which includes occupation and career progression; Work security, often referred to as occupational health and safety;

Skill reproduction, or the opportunity to gain an retain skills through apprenticeship, training and education;

Income security, or protection of income both while working and when not able to work; and

Representation security, demonstrated by protected collective voice and voluntary association, both economically and politically.

Country Economic Security Indices Labor Market Employment Job Work (OHS) Skill Income Representation

China .666 .454 .391 .479 .459 .428 .426

India .443 .415 .410 .416 .290 .288 .396

Indonesia .418 .216 .413 .356 .474 .328 .346 Japan .823 .591 .693 .866 .704 .810 .626

Korea .754 .503 .465 .559 .632 .666 .562

Philippines .618 .402 .622 .412 .575 .432 .598

Sri Lanka .407 .487 .326 .307 .472 .502 .441

Taiwan

Thailand .663 .382 .452 .292 .474 .408 .312

Vietnam .426

Economic Security Index Takeaways

• Japan and Korea tend to be grouped with higher performing countries globally, but

• With the exception of the Labor Market Security Indicator, the other Asian countries tend to score low in absolute terms, and relative to other countries