vii

PREFACE

Praise Allah, the Almighty God, for His blessings and love that made it

possible for this thesis, which entitled “International Attention Toward Myanmar

Government’s Violation on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by

Arbitrarily Detaining Aung San Suu Kyi (1989 – 2010)”, to be completed well

and in accord with His guidance. This thesis consists of the combination of

knowledge, efforts and experiences that were obtained through the four years of

studies in Universitas Pelita Harapan and it is intended to attain the Bachelor’s

Degree in Social Sciences at the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of

Universitas Pelita Harapan, Lippo Village, Tangerang, Banten.

The process of compiling this thesis will not be possible without the

guidance, support and prayers from the people around the writer. In this

opportunity, the writer would like to dedicate her gratitude and give the highest

respect for those whose names will be written in the following:

1. Mr. Indra V. K., S.Sos, M. Asian St. as the supervisor of this thesis for his

time, advice, guidance, patience, critics and input, and also for sharing his

remarkable knowledge to help completing this thesis in a well and timely

manner.

2. Prof. Aleksius Jemadu, Ph.D. as the Dean of Faculty of Social and

Political Sciences, Universitas Pelita Harapan, for his guidance and fruitful

knowledge.

viii

3. Mr. Roy Vincentius Pratikno, B.Sc., M.M. as the Head of International

Relations Department for his support, guidance and concern throughout

the four years of writer’s undergraduate studies.

4. Mr. Victor Silaen, M.A. as the Coordinator of the Final Projects.

5. Drs. Ignatius Ismanto, M.Si., Mr. Jerry Sambuaga, Mr. Bhatara Ibnu Reza,

Mr. Irman Gumilang Lanti, Mrs. Desideria Lumongga, Mr. Tobias Basuki,

Ms. Sylvia Maladi, Mr. Rully Mangunsong, Mr. Valentinus Edy

Hermawan, Mr. James Sprow, and all the lecturers that names have not

been mentioned, for their guidance and valuable knowledge for the four

years of writer’s undergraduate study in International Relations,

Universitas Pelita Harapan.

6. Mr. Andri Oarto for his guidance and support during the writer’s

undergraduate studies.

7. Mrs. Fransisca Endah, Mr. Nalkukuh, Mrs. Helen Diana, Mrs. Esther

Taruli, and other staff of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences,

Universitas Pelita Harapan, for their administrational support during the

writer’s studies in Universitas Pelita Harapan.

8. Nino Kaslam and Ida Chandra, and Tarrasch Parikesit, as writer’s beloved

parents and brother for their unrequited love, prayers, care, support and

guidance throughout the writer’s life, especially during the process of

ix

compiling this thesis. This thesis is dedicated for them although the writer

realizes it will not be enough if being compared to what they had given.

9. Arsojo Sulistyo, Anggar Santoso, Sri Rahayu, Siska Limanto and the rest

of writer’s extended family whose names have not been mentioned, for

their wholehearted support, guidance and prayers throughout the writer’s

life.

10. Maria Monica Kristina Pramudita, Gabriela Carrera and Martina Ardissa

as the writer’s oldest and closest friends for their unconditional love,

loyalty and friendship.

11. Nurasih Daryono, Dewi Kurniati, Tony Affiat, Devita Rahma, Desty

Prasasti and Dewata Priyo as the writer’s close family for their love,

kindness and support.

12. Vonny, Ben, Chika, Eri, Armel, Edgar and Thomas, as fellow last year

students of International Relations Department, and also Citra, Acha,

Bunga, Michelle, Eva, Ivan, Piwoori, Ray, Putri, Fardy, Achmed, Ricky,

and the rest of writer’s friends in Universitas Pelita Harapan whose names

have not been mentioned, for their kindness, friendship and support.

13. Lastly, the writer would like to express her gratitude for those who have

helped and supported during the process of the completion of this thesis

but names have not been mentioned.

x

The writer realizes that this thesis is still far from perfection, and by that the

writer would gladly receive any critics, suggestions and comments, which would

become a very useful input for the writer.

Lippo Village, 9 July 2012

Desideria Nirmala Dewi

xvii

LIST OF APPENDICES

Page

Appendix A

Monitoring List .................................................................................................. A-1

Proofread Approval ............................................................................................ A-2

Proofreader’s Curriculum Vitae ......................................................................... A-3

Appendix B

Universal Declaration of Human Rights............................................................. B-1

Reporting Status of the Human Rights Treaty Bodies........................................ B-2

WGAD Decision No. 8/1992.............................................................................. B-3

WGAD Opinion No. 2/2002 ............................................................................... B-4

WGAD Opinion No. 9/2004 ............................................................................... B-5

WGAD Opinion No. 2/2007 ............................................................................... B-6

WGAD Opinion No. 46/2008 ............................................................................. B-7

WGAD Opinion No. 12/2010 ............................................................................. B-8

Letters for Nine Neighbors of Myanmar ........................................................... B-9

ASEAN Joint Communiqué of the 36th Ministerial Meeting ........................... B-10

ASEAN Joint Communiqué of the 41st Ministerial Meeting............................ B-11

xviii

ASEAN Joint Communiqué of the 42nd Ministerial Meeting........................... B-12

Appendix C

Curriculum Vitae ............................................................................................... C-1

xi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER

STATEMENT OF THESIS ORIGINALITY

THESIS SUPERVISOR APPROVAL

EXAMINATION BOARD APPROVAL

ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... v

PREFACE............................................................................................................ vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... xi

LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................. xv

LIST OF ABBREVIATION.............................................................................. xvi

LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................. xvii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background.................................................................................................. 1

I.2 Research Question..................................................................................... 10

I.3 Research Objectives .................................................................................. 13

I.4 Research Purposes..................................................................................... 14

1.5 Organization of Thesis.............................................................................. 16

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.................................................. 16

CHAPTER II: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK......................... 16

CHAPTER III: SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODS.................... 17

xii

CHAPTER IV: DATA AND ANALYSIS ................................... 17

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 18

BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................................................... 18

APPENDICES .............................................................................. 19

CHAPTER II: ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

II.1 Literature Review .................................................................................... 20

II.2 Theories and Concepts ............................................................................ 34

II.2.1 Constructivism .................................................................... 34

II.2.2 Sovereignty.......................................................................... 39

II.2.3 International Regimes ......................................................... 42

II.2.4 Human Rights...................................................................... 46

II.2.4.A International Human Rights Regime................... 49

II.2.4.B Arbitrary Detention.............................................. 51

II.2.4.C Human Rights Violation...................................... 52

II.2.5 Principle of Non-interference.............................................. 53

II.2.6 International Pressure.......................................................... 54

II.3 Model Analysis ......................................................................................... 56

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODS

III.1 Scope of Research................................................................................... 58

III.2 Research Approach ................................................................................ 60

xiii

III.3 Types and Source of Data...................................................................... 61

III.4 Data Collection Technique .................................................................... 62

III.5 Data Analysis Technique ....................................................................... 63

III.6 Research Constraints ............................................................................. 65

CHAPTER IV: DATA AND ANALYSIS

IV.1 International Attention Toward Myanmar Government’s Violation

on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by Detaining Aung San Suu

Kyi in Arbitrary Detention (1989 – 2010)..................................................... 68

IV.1.1 Personal Background of Aung San Suu Kyi...................... 68

IV.1.2 Aung San Suu Kyi’s Activities in Promoting Democracy

and Human Rights in Burma (1988-1990).................................... 72

IV.1.3 Aung San Suu Kyi’s House Arrest Period between 1989-

2010............................................................................................... 79

IV.1.4 Violations on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

by Detaining Aung San Suu Kyi in Arbitrary Detention.............. 85

IV.1.4.A Violation on the Constitution of Myanmar

(1975)................................................................................ 86

IV.1.4.B Violation on State Protection Act of Myanmar . 87

(i) First Detention Period (1989 - 1995) ............... 87

(ii) Second Detention Period (2000 - 2002).......... 88

(iii) Third Detention Period (2003 - 2010) ........... 89

xiv

IV.1.4.C Violation on the Universal Declaration of Human

Rights ................................................................................ 91

IV.1.5 International Attention....................................................... 92

IV.1.5.A United Nations ................................................... 93

IV.1.5.B United States and European Union .................... 94

IV.1.5.C Amnesty International........................................ 97

IV.1.5.D ASEAN Member States ................................... 100

IV.2 Analysis of the Data.............................................................................. 104

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

V.1 Conclusion............................................................................................... 138

V.2 Recommendations .................................................................................. 142

BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................. 144

APPENDICES

xv

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table IV.1 Myanmar’s 1990 Election Statistic .............................................. 78

Table IV.2 Sanctions by US and US Allies (not bordering Burma) ............. 119

xvi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations

BSPP Burma Socialist Programme Party

CAT Covenant Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, Degrading

Treatment and Punishment

CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination

Against Women

CESCR Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

EU European Union

ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

IR International Relations

NAFTA North American Free Trade Area

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NLD National League of Democracy

SLORC State Law and Order Restoration Committee

UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights

UN United Nations

US United States

USDA Union Solidary Development Association

WGAD Working Group on Arbitrary Detention