ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DE CHIMBORAZO

LANGUAGE CENTER

ENGLISH

NAME: DINA MONTERO

TOPIC: PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES ARE LETTERS OR GROUPS OF LETTERS THAT ARE ADDED TO THE BEGINNING OF A WORD (PREFIX) OR END OF A WORD (SUFFIX) TO CHANGE THE MEANING AND / OR FUNCTION OF THE WORD. MANY PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES HAVE LATIN ROOTS. UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENT MEANINGS OF PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES CAN HELP YOU DETERMINE THE MEANING OF NEW WORDS WE MEET.

PREFIXES

THE PREFIXES ARE ATTACHED TO THE BEGINNING OF A WORD TO CHANGE ITS MEANING.

EXAMPLE:

MORAL - AMORAL (MORAL - AMORAL) MODERN - POSTMODERN (MODERNO - POSTMODERNO) WRAP - UNWRAP (ENVOLVER - DESENVOLVER)

THE PREFIX CO

MEANS COMPANY, CO-AUTHORED. USUALLY ACCOMPANIED SCRIPT:EXAMPLE:STARRING/CO-STARRING=PROTAGONISTA/COPROTAGONISTA,ESTRELLAS/CO... PRODUCER/CO-PRODUCER = PRODUCTOR/COPRODUCTOR

THE PREFIX EX

PREFIX REFERS TO SOMETHING OLD, ABOVE. USUALLY IT IS FOLLOWED BY A HYPHEN.EXAMPLE:BOYFRIEND/EX-BOYFRIEND=NOVIO/EXNOVIO WIFE/EX WIFE = ESPOSA/EX ESPOSA

THE PREFIX MIS

DO SOMETHING WRONG, WRONG, WRONG, WRONG. USUALLY ACCOMPANIED UNSCRIPTED VERBS:EXAMPLE:PRINT/MISPRINT = IMPRIMIR/COMETER ERRATA

REPRESENT/MISREPRESENT = REPRESENTAR/FALSIFICAR

THE PREFIX BIO

EXAMPLE:DIVERSITY/BIODIVERSITY = DIVERSIDAD/BIODIVERSIDAD CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY = QUÍMICA/BIOQUÍMICA WEPONS/BIOWEPONS = ARMAS/ARMAS BIOLÓGICAS

THE PREFIX SUB

THE SUB CODE MEANS BENEATH, BASS. IT HAS THE SAME MEANING AS UNDER PREFIX:EXAMPLE:WAY/SUBWAY = VÍA/VÍA SUBTERRÁNEA MARINE/SUBMARINE = MARINO/SUBMARINE

THE PREFIX INACTS POSITIVELY INCREASING ACCOMPANYING NOUN, IT MEANS PUTTING IN STATUS (IN THE DIRECTION indicated BY THE NOUN):EXAMPLE:LARGE/ENLARGE = GRANDE/AGRANDAR DANGER/ENDANGER = PELIGRO/PONER EN PELIGRO

THE PREFIX RE

RE MEANS AGAIN, RETURN OR REPETITION OF AN ACTION. RE PRESENTS ACCOMPANYING VERBS AND CAN BE JOINED BY A HYPHEN:EXAMPLE:come/recome = venir/volverdirect/redirect = directo/redireccionado

THE PREFIX DIS

THE PREFIX DIS IS A DENIAL THAT OFTEN ACCOMPANIES NOUNS. IT MEANS DES, IN:EXAMPLE:infectant/disinfectants = infectante/desinfectante arm/disarms = armado/desarmado

THE PREFIX OVER

OVER IT MEANS ON, TOO, EXCESSIVE, OVER:EXAMPLE:charge/overcharge = carga/sobrecarga time/overtime = tiempo,vez/horas extras, sobre tiempo

THE PREFIX UNDER

THE UNDER PREFIX SUB MEANS, GIVE LESS, LOW. IT HAS THE SAME MEANING AS THE PREFIX SUB:EXAMPLE:developed/underdeveloped = desarrollado/subdesarrollado production/underproduction = producción/subproducción

THE PREFIX IIIL IS TRANSLATED DENIAL ILE TYPE:EXAMPLE:legitimate/illegitimate = legítimo/ilegítimo legal/illegal = legal/illegal

THE PREFIX UN

THE TYPE CODE IS A CAUSE DENIAL CONTRARY TO THAT INDICATED BY THE ROOT OF THE WORD. IT MEANS IN, ANTI SHORTLY. IT APPLIES TO ADJECTIVES, NOUNS AND VERBS:EXAMPLE:faithful/unfaithful = fiel/infiel happy/unHappy = feliz/infeliz equal/unequal = igual/desigual

THE PREFIX MULTI

MULTIPLICITY PREFIX TYPE. IT MEANS MULTI.EXAMPLE:faith/multi-faith = fé/fé pluralista ethnic/multi-ethnic = étnico/multi-étnico

THE PREFIX PRE

THE PRE PREFIX PRECEDES NOUNS AND MEANS BEFORE, BEFORE

EXAMPLE:historic/prehistoric = histórico/prehistórico marital/premarial = matrimonial/prematrimonial

THE PREFIX TO

THE PREFIX = TO, EVEN TO

EXAMPLE:medic/paramedic = médico/paramédico tifoide/paratifoide = tiroide/paratiroide

THE PREFIX ANTI

THE PREFIX ANTI = AGAINST. I USUALLY APPEARS HYPHENATED

EXAMPLE:perspirant/antiperspirant = transpirante/antitranspirante wrinkle/anti-wrinkle = arruga/antiarruga

THE PREFIX IMIM NEGATION PREFIX WHICH MEANS THE OPPOSITE, WITHOUT, IN:EXAMPLE:material/immaterial = material/inmaterial possible/impossible = posible/imposible

THE PREFIX SEMI

SEMI PREFIX SEMI DENIAL AND PARTIAL RESULTS INDICATED.EXAMPLE:final/semifinal = final/semifinal circle/semicircle = círculo/semícirculo

THE SUFFIXES

THE SUFFIXES ARE APPENDED TO THE END OF A WORD TO CREATE A NEW WORD, OR TO CHANGE THE FUNCTION OF THE WORD. FOR EXAMPLE, VERBS CAN BE MODIFIED TO BECOME ADJECTIVES OR NOUNS BY ADDING A SUFFIX.

EXAMPLE:

NOUN SUFFIX

MAINTAIN [V.] - MAINTANENCE [N.] (MANTENER - MANTENIMIENTO) VERB SUFFIX

BRIGHT [ADJ.] - BRIGHTEN [V.] (BRILLANTE - ILUMINAR) ADJECTIVE SUFFIX

ENJOY [V.] - ENJOYABLE [ADJ.] (DISFRUTAR - AGRADABLE)

ABLE SUFFIX

SUFFIX FORMING ADJECTIVES FROM VERBS. IT DOES NOT APPLY TO SUBSTANTIVE. IT MEANS ABLE, IBLE:EXAMPLE:to drink/drinkable = beber/bebible to reason/reasonable = razonar/rasonable

SUFFIX FUL

THE FUL SUFFIX IS ADDED TO NOUNS TO FORM NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES. ADA MEAN, DHS, GONE, BEAR:EXAMPLE:wonder/wonderful = maravilla/maravilloso color/colorful = color/colorido

THE SUFFIXES ESS AND INE

ESS AND INE SUFFIX FOR CHANGING THE GENDER (MALE / FEMALE). BOTH MAKE A MASCULINE NOUN TO WOMEN:EXAMPLE:poet/poetess = poeta/ poetisa emperor/empress = emperador/emperatriz

SUFFIX MENT

ENGLISH USE THE SUFFIX MENT TO CONVERT SOME VERBS INTO NOUNS. MAKING IN THE SPANISH LANGUAGE OR EXTENSION, ING, MENTO IS OBTAINED

EXAMPLE:to move/movement = mover/movimiento to enlarge/enlargement = agrandar/agrandamiento

SUFFIX NESS

WITH THE SUFFIX NESS WE TURN ADJECTIVES INTO NOUNS. BUT IF THE ADJECTIVE ENDS AND THIS IS CHANGED BY I BEFORE BEING ADDED SUFFIX. IT MEANS DAD, EZA

EXAMPLE:

Sick/sickness = enfermo/enfermedad Dark/darkness = oscuro/oscuridad

SUFFIX ANCE

THE SUFFIX ANCE IS USED TO CONVERT ENGLISH VERBS TO NOUNS. IF THE VERBS ENDING IN E AND FOR A CHANGE THE SUFFIX TO REMAIN UNCHANGED. MEAN ANCE, ENCE, TION.EXAMPLE:to guide/guidance = guiar/guía to insure/Insurance = asegurar/seguro

SUFFIX YTHE SUFFIX IS USED IN ENGLISH WITH 3 PURPOSES: IT IS ADDED TO NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES TO BECOME LIKENESS OR VOICE TO INDICATE ABUNDANCE. AND IF A NOUN ENDS AT AND CONVERTS AND SIMPLY AND. IT MEANS ADO, BEAR AND RARELY RELIABLE MEANS; USED FOR THE DISMINUTIVO, TO THE EFFECT IF IT ENDS IN A CONSONANT THIS IS REPEATED. IT MEANS ITO, ITA.

SUFFIX LY

THIS SUFFIX ENABLES TRANFORMAR A QUALIFYING ADJECTIVE OR A NOUN IN AN ADVERB, MEANING ADDING THE MIND. ADJECTIVES IN HIM AND BY SIMPLY CHANGING AND; THOSE ENDING IN LY, CONVERT AND L I IS ADDED; ENDING IN UE TO CHANGE THE E IN L; LL THE TERMINATED AND ONLY ADDED; UE FINISHED IN AND BY CHANGING LY.EXAMPLE:bad/badly = malo/malamente open/openly = abierto/abiertamente water/watery = agua/acuoso anger/angry = enojo/enojado

SUFFIX OUS

OUS SUFFIX, WHICH MEANS BEAR, BEAR TRANSFORM IT INTO AN ADJECTIVE AND A NOUN ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE:NOUNS IN R JUST ADD OUS; AND THE CHANGE AND TERMINATED BY OUS; FINISHED IN CHANGING IT ADDS I OUS, THE NOUN ENDING IN OR ADD US, FINISHED IN ON ELIMINATES THE NY IS REPLACED BY US.EXAMPLE:danger/dangerous = peligro/peligroso fury/furious = furia/furioso

CAL SUFFIX

BECOMES SUBSTANTIVE. ADJECTIVES. NOUNS ENDING IN C ONLY ADDED TO. IT MEANS ICO, ICA

EXAMPLE:alphabet/alphabetical = alfabeto/alfabético(ica) medic/meical = médico/médico (a)

SUFFIX SHIP

ADDING THE SUFFIX SHIP TO GET AN ADJECTIVE AND A NOUN GETS DERIVE NOUNS FROM NOUNS AND VERBS. IT IS USED IN A VERY WIDE WAY TO DENOTE: ABSTRACT QUALITIES, ART OR SKILL, DIGNITY, OFFICE, OFFICE, OR TITLE, THE DURATION OF ACTION, AND USUALLY MEANS TION, ED.EXAMPLE:citizen/citizenship = ciudadano/ciudadanía dictator/dictatorship = dictador/dictadura

LESS SUFFIX

THIS SUFFIX GIVES US THE ABILITY TO ALTER SUBSTANTIVE FOR ADJECTIVES. IT IS VERY USEFUL WHEN DEALING WITH COMPARATIVE. IT IS A DENIAL AND TYPE SUFFIX MEANING NO.EXAMPLE:worth/worthless = útil/inútil hoe/hopeless = esperanza/sin esperanza

SUFFIX TION

THE SUFFIX WHICH MEANS TION TION, OR, TRANSFORMS VERBS INTO NOUNS, ACCORDING TO THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES:VERBS ENDING IN THE CONSONANTS T, SIMPLY ADD ION; VERBS FINISHED TIE, UTE, ELIMINATE EY ADDED ION; VERBS ENDING IN THE VOWEL AND NOT PART OF TIE / UTE, AND BY CHANGING THEM TO AND ADDS TION.EXAMPLE:to educate/education = educar/educación to pollute/pollution = contaminar/contaminacion

SUFFIX TH

TH ADDED TO CARDINAL NUMBERS CAN GET ORDINAL NUMBERS. AND ADDED TO VERBS GIVES IT A SENSE POTIVO.EXAMPLE:five/fifth = cinco/quinto ten/tenth = diez/décimo

SUFFIX ISH

ISH SUFFIX IS ADDED TO NOUNS TO FORM ADJECTIVES AND SO INDICATE SIMILARITY OR ATTENUATION.IF THE NOUN ENDS IN E CHANGES AND YOU CAN ADD BY I SH. IF THE NOUN ENDS IN AND RETAIN AND ADD ISH. IF THE NOUN ENDS IN A CONSONANT IT IS SIMPLY ADDS ISH FOR THE ADJECTIVE.EXAMPLE:woman/womanish = mujer/como mujer, mujeril boy/boyish = niño/como niño

SUFFIX HOOD

WHEN WE ADD THE SUFFIX HOOD TO A CONCRETE NOUN WE OBTAIN AN ABSTRACT NOUN.EXAMPLE:mother/motherhood = madre/maternidad likeli/likelihood = probable/probabilida

Bibliographyhttp://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/prefix_suffix.php