PRELIMES WORKBOOK VOL 2B AQ 2021 B - IAS Score · 2021. 2. 20. · Workbook Volume 2: (Advanced Level Practice Questions) It covers all the standard reference books. MCQs of this

PRELIMS PRACTICE WORKBOOK

The Prelims workbook is a novel concept brought to you by GS SCORE for aiding your preparation and helping you achieve ‘the IAS dream’. The Workbooks contain sets of questions along with their answers and explanations to help students practice at their convenience. There are 3 Workbooks (Volume 1, 2 & 3) available to all the students for the preparation of the Preliminary examination.

Workbook Volume 1: (NCERT Based Practice Questions)

It will helps aspirants to cover all the basic concepts from NCERT through MCQs of this booklet.

Workbook Volume 2: (Advanced Level Practice Questions)

It covers all the standard reference books. MCQs of this Workbook will be analytical in nature and will include all advanced level concepts.

This workbook is divided into two parts:

Volume 2A (History, Polity & Economy) Volume 2B (Geography, Environment and Science & Technology)

Workbook Volume 3: (Previous Year Questions)

Aspirants can also download Workbook Volume-3 (Previous Year Questions with Answers and Explanation) from our offi cial website: www.iasscore.in

All booklets are categorized subject-wise for the benefi t and convenience of the students. This categorization will also help the students practice the questions based on the topics they are studying without having to search for them from a huge compilation of uncategorized notes in the market.

What is the signifi cance of practicing advance level questions?

UPSC prelims examination poses numerous challenges ahead of students every year. With increasing no of analysis and reasoning based questions in UPSC prelims paper one of the most common challenges is that the students must have enough practice of advance type questions

PRELIMS GS (PAPER I)

beforehand. With the help of this workbook students will be able to better prepare themselves for the unpredictability and vastness of UPSC questions. It will help in comprehensive coverage of syllabus outside of NCERTs and thus enable better grip over topics.

Subject-Wise Analysis of previous years Civil Services Preliminary Examinations

YEAR GEO. ENVIR. HIS-TORY POLITY ECO. General

ScienceCurrent Affairs

2011 11 15 11 12 19 19 13

2012 12 12 17 11 13 9 26

2013 9 13 11 13 15 11 28

2014 12 17 17 11 10 13 20

2015 14 10 14 13 13 7 29

2016 7 18 15 7 18 8 27

2017 7 11 14 22 8 4 34

2018 8 13 15 13 16 7 28

2019 14 11 17 15 14 7 22

2020 10 10 20 17 15 10 18

The GS SCORE Prelims Workbook Vol 2 (A&B) consists of questions from the following topics:

Subjects Questions Subjects Questions

1. History 590+ 4. Geography 900+

2. Polity 580+ 5. Environment 370+

3. Economy 490+ 6. Gen. Science 200+

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CONTENTS

PRELIMS PRACTICE WORKBOOK

VOL-2B

GEOGRAPHY1. ......................................................................... 01-292

GEOGRAPHY PRACTICE QUESTIONS ................................................................. 01-133Geomorphology1. ................................................................................................................. 2Oceanography2. ................................................................................................................. 17Climatology3. ...................................................................................................................... 25Human Geography4. .......................................................................................................... 40Geography Of India5. ......................................................................................................... 72Miscellaneous6. ................................................................................................................ 113

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS .................................................................................... 134-292Geomorphology1. ............................................................................................................. 134Oceanography2. ............................................................................................................... 155Climatology3. .................................................................................................................... 167Human Geography4. ........................................................................................................ 188Geography Of India5. ....................................................................................................... 226Miscellaneous6. ................................................................................................................ 269

ENVIRONMENT2. .................................................................. 293-414

ENVIRONMENT PRACTICE QUESTIONS ............................................................ 29-341Ecology & Environment1. ................................................................................................ 294Biodiversity2. .................................................................................................................... 306Resource Degradation and Management3. .................................................................. 319Climate Change4. ............................................................................................................. 331

ENVIRONMENT ANSWERS ............................................................................... 342-414Ecology & Environment1. ................................................................................................ 342

Biodiversity2. .................................................................................................................... 360Resource Degradation and Management3. .................................................................. 377Climate Change4. ............................................................................................................. 397

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY3. ................................................. 415-469

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOG Y PRACTICE QUESTIONS ......................................... 416-438Space Technology1. .......................................................................................................... 416It & Communication2. ..................................................................................................... 423Nuclear3. ........................................................................................................................... 427General Science4. ............................................................................................................. 429Defence5. ........................................................................................................................... 432Institutions6. .................................................................................................................... 435Miscellaneous7. ................................................................................................................ 437

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ANSWERS ............................................................... 439-469Space Technology1. .......................................................................................................... 439It & Communication2. ..................................................................................................... 448Nuclear3. ........................................................................................................................... 454General Science4. ............................................................................................................. 456Defence5. ........................................................................................................................... 460Institutions6. .................................................................................................................... 464Miscellaneous7. ................................................................................................................ 467

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1

GEOGRAPHYPRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

2

GEOGRAPHYPRACTICE QUESTIONS

GEOMORPHOLOGY

Consider the following statements related to the 1. Planet Venus:

Venus has the central core, a molten mantle and 1. a crust similar to that of the Earth.The dense atmosphere of Venus traps carbon 2. dioxide, causes a greenhouse effect and thus, makes it the hottest planet of the solar system.It rotates clockwise thus known as Earth’s sister 3. planet.

Which of the above statements are correct?

1 and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only(a)

2 and 3 only (d) All(b)

Consider the following statements regarding the 2. Earth:

The Earth rotates from the west towards the 1. east.As viewed from the North Star or polestar Polaris, 2. the Earth turns counter-clockwise.The Earth rotates from the east towards the 3. west.As viewed from the North Star or polestar Polaris, 4. the Earth turns clockwise.



2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 4 only(b)

Which of the following act as the requisite for the 3. mass movement?

Increase in gradient and height of slopes.1. Removal of material from over the original slope 2. surfaces.Saturation and lubrication of slope materials.3.

Select the Correct Option using the code given below:

3 only (c) 1 and 3 (a)

2 and 3 (d) All(b)

Which of the following statements is/are true about 4. meanders?

Meanders are formed when load carrying 1. capacity of the river increases drastically.

Ox-bow lakes are the result of meandering 2. rivers. Its concave bank is known as cut-off bank and 3. convex as slip-off bank.


1 and 2 only (c) 3 only (a)

2 and 3 only (d) None(b)

Which of the following landforms and process of 5. their formation is correctly matched?

Serrated Ridges: Erosional landform of Glacier.1. Defl ation Hollows: Erosional landform of 2. Running Water.Pedestal Rocks: Erosional landform of Wind.3. Lapiece: Erosional landform of Groundwater 4. cycle.


1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (a)

2, 3 and 4 only (d) All(b)

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly 6. matched?

Deltas: They are formed when load carrying 1. capacity of river reduced to a great extent.Point Bars: They are formed by sediments 2. deposited in a linear fashion found on the convex side of meanders of large rivers.Alluvial fExp. They are formed when streams 3. fl owing from higher levels break into foot slope plains of low gradient.




Fold Mountains are caused by the large scale earth 7. movements, when tensions are set up in the earth’s crust. Which of the following factor/s produces tension?

Increased load of the overlaying rocks.1. Flow movements in the Mantle.2. Magmatic intrusions into the crust.3.

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3

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:


3 only (d) All (b)

The earth is made up of concentric layers i.e. crust, 8. mantle and core. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding Earth’s Crust?

The outer most solid part of the earth is called 1. crust, which consist of Peridotite.Oceanic crust is thinner as compared to 2. continental crust as it is composed of basalt and gabbro. The upper part of the crust consists of Basaltic 3. rocks and lower part consists of Granitic rocks.The weaker zone of the earth’s crust is called 4. Asthenosphere.


2 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only(a)

1 and 3 only (d) All (b)

Which of the following statements are correct with 9. respect to the “Plate tectonics”?

A convergent tectonic plate is a massive, 1. irregular-shaped slab of solid rock which is continually moving, spreading from the center, sinking at the edges.Convection currents beneath the plates move the 2. crustal plates in different directions.Transform boundaries don’t produce spectacular 3. features like mountains or oceans, but causes earthquakes.




Which of the following statements is/are correct 10. regarding the Terrestrial planets?

The Terrestrial planets are closer to the Sun and 1. are smaller and rockier.Terrestrial planets have secondary atmospheres, 2. generated through volcanism or comet impacts.The terrestrial planets have high gravity and 3. they hold the atmospheric gases.


1 and 2 Only (c) 1, 2 and 3(a)

1 and 3 only (d) None(b)

“Earthquake waves are basically of two types, Body 11. waves and Surface waves “ consider the following statements with respect to that:

P-waves move faster but S-waves are the fi rst to 1. arrive at the surface.

P-waves can travel only through gaseous and 2. liquid materials.S-waves can travel only through solid materials.3. Surface waves are considered to be the most 4. damaging waves.




“An area of lowland is called as plain, either level 12. or undulating.” Consider the following statements with respect to types of Plains:

Structural plains are formed by horizontally 1. bedded rocks, relatively undisturbed by crustal movements of the earth. Depositional plains are comparatively level of 2. but rise gently towards adjacent highlands.Erosional plains are carved by the agents of 3. erosion, rain, rivers, ice and wind.

Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (a)


Consider the following statements with respect to 13. the types of Volcanoes:

Shield volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt 1. and of low viscous lava thus cover larger area. Composite volcanoes are characterized by 2. eruptions of cooler and more viscous lavas than the basalt.Caldera volcanoes are the most explosive of the 3. earth volcanoes, thus alters the environment of the surrounding area.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1 only (c) 2 and 3 only(a)

1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b)

Arrange the following elements in decreasing 14. order with respect to their abundance in the earth’s crust?

Iron > Silicon > Oxygen > Aluminium(a)

Iron > Oxygen > Silicon > Aluminium (b)

Oxygen > Silicon > Iron > Aluminium (c)

Oxygen > Silicon > Aluminium > Iron(d)

Which of the following statements is /are correct 15. with respect to Rock cycle?

Igneous rocks can be changed into metamorphic 1. rocks by heat and pressure.The igneous and metamorphic rocks when 2. exposed to denudational agents, convert into sedimentary rocks.The process by which sediment is converted into 3. sedimentary rock is known as Lithifi cation.

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4


1 and 3 (c) 3 only(a)

2 and 3 (d) All (b)

Which of the following statements is/are correct 16. with respect to the geomorphic process?

Endogenic energy is mostly generated by 1. radioactivity, rotational and tidal friction and primordial heat from the origin of the earth.

The Exogenic processes derive their energy from 2. the sun and also the gradients created by tectonic process.


1 only (c) Both 1 and 2(a)

2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2(b)

According to the International Astronomical Union 17. which of the following is / are criteria for being a planet?

It should be in orbit around the Sun.1.

It should have suffi cient mass to assume 2. hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape).




Consider the following statements with respect to 18. mass movements:

Mass movement is the movement of weathered 1. materials down a slope due to gravitational forces.

Soil creep is a slow movement of hill slopes due to 2. the infl uence of cycles of freezing and thawing.

Landslides are rivers of rock, earth, and other 3. debris saturated with water.


1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (a)


Consider the following statements with reference 19. to the formation of Deltas:

Major deltas are formed on the east coast of 1. India.

The shallow sea adjoining the coast is a favorable 2. condition for delta.

Strong current running at right angles to the 3. river mouth helps in delta formation.

Which of the above stated conditions is/are correct?



Which of the following characteristic feature 20. of fl uvial Erosional landforms is/are correctly matched?

Gorges: 1. They are formed due to active downcutting of the valleys through the mechanism of pothole drilling during juvenile stage.Potholes:2. They are generally formed in coarse-grained rocks such as sandstones and granites. Waterfalls:3. They are formed due to variation in the relative resistance of rocks.




Which of the following statements related to the 21. linkage between ore deposits and plate tectonics is/are correctly matched?

Hydrothermal activity at the oceanic ridges gives 1. rise to Sulfi de deposits.Geothermal fi elds occur along the rifts due to the 2. upwelling of the asthenosphere.Petroleum occurs in the back-arc basins in arc 3. convergent margins where organic matter is trapped.


1 and 2 only (c) 2 only(a)


Which of the following pair of types of islands and 22. example is/are correctly matched?

Greenland - Continental Island1. Iceland - Coral Island2. Maldives - Oceanic island 3.



1 only (d) None(b)

Which of the following statements related to the 23. difference between Earth and Mars is/are correct?

Mars has a very thin atmosphere that consists 1. mostly of carbon dioxide. Mars looks ruddy from outer space, due to being 2. covered in oxidized iron.Mars experiences immense green-house effect 3. that raises the temperature over the surface.



2 only (d) 1 , 2 and 3(b)

Which of the following statement defi nes the term 24. insular shelves?

Insular shelves are underwater landmasses (a) surrounding islands.


5

Insular shelves are underwater plain on the deep (b) ocean fl oor.

Insular shelves are underwater current of usually (c) rapidly moving, sediment-laden water moving down a slope.

Insular shelves is a deep cleft between (d) escarpments or cliffs resulting from weathering and the erosive activity.

A triple junction is the point where the boundaries 25. of three tectonic plates meet. Which of the following is/are the part of the three junctions in Afar Triple Junction?

Red Sea Rift1. Okhotsk Plate 2. Gulf of Aden3. Galapagos Rise4.



1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only(b)

Masses of ice moving as sheet over the land are 26. called glaciers. Which of the following statements with respect to glaciers is/are correct?

Erosion by glaciers is huge because of friction 1. caused by sheer weight of ice sheet. The cirques are found at heads of glacial valleys, 2. mostly having tarn lakes.Moraines consist of a plain formed of glacial 3. sediments deposited by meltwater outwash at the terminus of a glacier.


1 only (c) 3 only(a)


Consider the following statements with respect to 27. the factors and forces leading to the formation of coastal landforms:

Currents help to move eroded debris and deposit 1. it as silt, sand and gravel along the coasts. Small waves cause sediment to be transported 2. toward the coast and to become deposited on the beach. Longshore currents lead to the formation of the 3. spits.

Which of the above statements is / are correct?



Consider the following pairs: 28.

Intrusive Volcanic Defi nition

Forms Batholiths Lava making its way vertically 1. through fi ssures.

Laccoliths A surface volcanic domes of 2. composite volcano. Dykes A large body of magmatic 3. material that cools in the deeper depths.Sills Lava making its way 4. through cracks and the fi ssures horizontally.

Which of the above pairs is/are incorrectly matched?


2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4(b)

Seafl oor Spreading is a process that occurs at mid-29. ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity. With reference to Sea Floor Spreading, which of the following statements is/are correct?

It occurs at convergent plate boundaries only.1. It provides supportive explanation for 2. Continental Drift theory.Alfred Wegner proposed that new seafl oor crust 3. was continually formed at mid-ocean ridges.



2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

Consider the following statements with respect to 30. drainage system of the India:

Himalayan rivers are perennial and snow-fed 1. rivers. Peninsular rivers are seasonal and get their 2. water from rainfall.Peninsular rivers originate at greater elevations.3.




Consider the following related to plateaus: 31.

Type of Plateau Location Intermontane Bolivian Plateau 1. Piedmont Patagonia Plateau 2. Volcanic Colorado Plateau 3. Flood basalt Plateau Colombia Plateau4.

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

1, 2 and 4 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only(a)

2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4(b)

Which of the following terms associated with 32. Continental Drift Theory is/are correct?

Pole fl eeing force is created by centrifugal force 1. from the Earth’s rotation and by the bulge at the slightly fl attened Earth’s equator.


6

Placer Deposits is an accumulation of valuable 2. minerals caused by the effect of gravity on moving particles.Tillite is a sedimentary rock that consists of 3. consolidated masses of unweathered blocks and glacial till in a rock fl our.



2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

Wind erosion is largely controlled and determined 33. by which of the following factors?

Humidity1. Vegetation2. Temperature3. Biotic Species4.


1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only(a)

2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b)

Identify the river having following characteristics:34. It is the third longest river that fl ows entirely 1. within India.It rises from Amarkantak Plateau near Anuppur 2. district.It drains in the Gulf of Khambhat into the Arabian 3. Sea.Its valley is a depressed block of the Earth’s crust 4. bordered by parallel faults.


Narmada (c) Johila(a)

Son (d) Tapti(b)

Which of the following processes can be best 35. associated with Diastrophism?

Mountain building through severe folding of the 1. earth’s crust.The heat generation by the radioactive elements 2. in earth’s interior.Weathering, mass wasting, erosion and 3. deposition

Select the correct answer using the code given below:


1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

With reference to Hotspots, consider the following 36. statements:

They are regions along boundaries of Earth’s 1. tectonic plates.A volcano above a hotspot continuously erupts 2. and is active forever.Most hotspot volcanoes are basaltic3.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?



Paleomagnetism is the study of the record of the 37. Earth’s magnetic fi eld. Which of the following statements are correct with reference to it?

According to Palco-magnetism the changes in 1. temperature and convection currents at the core determine fl uctuations in earth’s magnetic fi eld.Paleo-magnetism provides evidence to support 2. the theory of plate tectonics and formation of continents.

Select the correct answer using code given below:



Weathering is the mechanical disintegration and 38. chemical decomposition of rocks under the action of climate. With reference to the weathering process, consider the following statements:

Exfoliation is a form of chemical weathering in 1. which curved plates of rock are stripped from rock below.Exfoliation domes are best developed in granitic 2. rock.Chemical weathering transforms the original 3. material into a substance with a different composition.The rate of mechanical weathering is accelerated 4. by the presence of warm temperatures and moisture.

Which of the above statements above is/are correct?


1 and 2 Only (d) 1, 2 and 4 Only(b)

Which of the following were the parts of 39. Gondwanaland?

South America1. Antarctica2. Madagascar3. India4. Arabia5.

Codes:

1, 3 and 4 Only (c) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only(a)

1, 4 and 5 Only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5(b)

Which of the following statements are correct 40. regarding Discontinuities lies in the interior of the earth?

The core is separated from the mantle by 1. Guttenberg’s Discontinuity.The crust is separated from mantle by Mohorovich 2. Discontinuity.


7

The upper mantle is separated from lower mantle 3. by Conrad Discontinuity.

Codes:



Which of the following statements is/are correct 41. regarding Ashalim Project?

Germany is building world’s tallest solar tower 1. to harness solar energy as a part of its ambitious Ashalim project.In this, solar tower uses photovoltaic solar panels 2. method which converts sunlight directly into electricity.It is located deep in Negev desert.3.

Codes:


3 only (d) 2 and 3 only(b)

The world’s fi rst genetic garden of halophytes was 42. inaugurated in Tamil Nadu. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Halophytes?

Halophytes are the salt tolerant or salt resistant 1. plants which can complete their life cycle in soils or water containing high salt concentration.Halophytes can leach soil salt through enhanced 2. percolation through storing salt in their leaves.Halophytes act as sources of waxes, gums, food 3. and pharmaceuticals.

Codes:



Consider the following statements related to the 43. space terminologies:

Meteor: It is a shooting star or falling star.1. Meteoroids: It is a portion of meteor or asteroid 2. that survived its passage through the atmosphere and hits the ground without being destroyed.Meteorite: It is a solid object moving in an 3. interplanetary space and smaller than asteroid.



2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3ss(b)

‘Aus’, ‘Aman’ and ‘Boro’ are:44.

Winds in Himalaya.(a)

Tribes in Central India.(b)

Paddy seasons growing in a year in Eastern (c) India.

None of the above.(d)

Which of the following factors can lead to 45. generation of the earthquake?

Mining1. Explosion of chemical or nuclear device.2. Formation of Large reservoirs as it imbalance 3. isostacy.Sliding of rocks along the fault plane.4. Tsunami5.

Codes:

1, 2 and 4 only (c) 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 only(a)

1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5(b)

Which of the following terms are correctly 46. matched?

Isthmus:1. A narrow strip of land with water on each side, connecting two larger landmasses.Strait:2. A narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water.Sound:3. A stretch of water connecting two larger bodies of water and is wider than strait.Channel:4. A narrow stretch of water, wider than sound connecting two larger stretches of water or two land areas.

Codes:

1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 2 only(a)

2 and 4 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 only(b)

Which of the following pairs are correctly 47. matched?

Minor Plates Lies BetweenCocos plate Philippines and Indian 1. OceanCaroline plate Central America and 2. Pacifi c platePhilippines plate Asiatic and Pacifi c plate3. Fuji plate North-East of Australia4.

Codes:



Which of the following are the examples of Igneous 48. Rocks?

Gabbro1. Pegmatite2. Tuff3. Granite4. Gneiss5.

Codes:

1, 2, 3 and 4 only (c) 4 only(a)



8

Which of the following is/are the examples of 49. chemical weathering process?

Hydration: 1. Water changes the physical composition and size of minerals in rock, making them less resistant to weathering. Oxidation:2. It is the reaction of rock minerals with oxygen, thus changing the mineral composition of the rock they become less resistant to weathering.Solution:3. It the process by which the rocks are dissolved when exposed to rainwater.

Codes:

2 and 3 (c) 2 only(a)

1 and 2 (d) All(b)

Which of the following is/are the effects of soil 50. acidity on plants?

It has toxic effect on root tissues and adversely 1. affects the permeability.It reduces the availability of micronutrients such 2. as zinc and copper to plants. It affects the benefi cial activity of soil micro-3. organisms and decreases the decomposition of organic matter by soil organisms.

Codes:


1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

Which of the following statements regarding Trellis 51. and Rectangular drainage pattern is/are correct?

In the rectangular pattern, the streams are 1. guided by the slope of the surface whereas in the trellis pattern they are guided by the joints.In the rectangular pattern, the streams are very 2. closely spaced whereas in trellis pattern they are widely spaced.

Codes:

1 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (a)


Which of the following is/are the geological 52. signifi cance of the igneous rocks?

Igneous rocks give information about the 1. composition of the mantle.Their features are usually characteristic of a 2. specifi c tectonic environment, allowing tectonic reconstitutions.Igneous rocks contain fossils also thus helps in 3. radio dating.




Which of the following statements are correct 53. regarding Hot springs?

Hot spring is a continuous fl ow of a hot water 1. from the ground which is heated by the geothermal heat.Water from hot springs has high mineral 2. content.Hot Springs are temporary geological 3. phenomena.

Codes:



Which of the following statements is/are correct 54. regarding meteoroids?

Meteoroids contain extraterrestrial nickel and 1. iron.Meteoroids intersect with Earth’s atmosphere and 2. get transformed in structure and chemistry by the heat of entry and force of impact. The entry of meteoroids into Earth’s atmosphere 3. causes ionization of atmospheric molecules.

Codes:


2 only (d) None(b)

Which of the following factors can be responsible 55. for the formation of lakes?

Due to Dissolution activity1. Due to Winds2. Due to Glaciations3. Due to biogenic activities4. Due to Volcanic Activities5.

Codes:

3, 4 and 5 only (c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only(a)

4 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5(b)

In which of the following situations an earthquake 56. would lead to a Tsunami?

When the epicentre of the earthquake lies just 1. below oceanic waters and vertical displacement of water occurs.When it is accompanied with a cyclone.2. When it happens in a high risk zone of earthquake 3. in interior areas.

Select the correct answer using codes given below:


2 and 3 only (d) None (b)

Which of the following statements is/are correct 57. regarding Geo-Thermal energy?

Electricity is produced by using the thermal 1. energy generated from radioactive decay and continual heat loss from Earth’s formation.


9

Fluids drawn from the deep earth carry a 2. mixture of gases, notably carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfi de and methane which causes global warming.Parvati valley (Himachal Pradesh) and Puga 3. Valley (Uttarakhand) are two experimental projects have been set up in India.

Codes:



Which of the following statements is/are correct 58. regarding Sheet erosion?

Sheet erosion refers to the uniform movement of 1. thin layer of soil across an expanse of land.Sheet erosion is generally seen as fi rst and least 2. severe stage in the soil erosion process.Sheet erosion generally takes place on steep 3. slope.

Codes:



Which of the following statements is/are correct 59. regarding P-waves and S-waves?

P-waves are transverse waves which travels 1. perpendicular to the direction of wave movements whereas S-waves are the longitudinal waves which travels parallel to the direction of the wave movements.P-waves can travel through solid, liquid and gas 2. whereas S-waves can travel only through solids.P-waves are the most destructive and devasting 3. among all the seismic waves.Both P waves and S waves have Shadow Zones.4.

Codes:


1, 2 and 3 only (d) 2 and 4 only(b)

Tephra is a collective term for which of the 60. following?

Cinder, Ash and Volcanic dust.(a)

Cinder, Ash and Lava.(b)

Cinder, Lava and Volcanic dust.(c)

Ash, Lava and Volcanic dust.(d)

Which of the following statements is/are correct61. regarding continental drift theory and sea fl oor spreading?

Continental Drift Theory concept was developed 1. by Arthur Holmes whereas Sea Floor Spreading concept was developed by Wegener.As per the Continental drift theory, movement 2. of both continents and oceanic plates occurs whereas as per the sea fl oor spreading concept movement of only ocean plates occurs.

Fossil, tillites are some evidences for the 3. continental drift theory whereas ocean bottom reliefs, paleomagnetic rocks are some evidences for the sea fl oor spreading.

Codes:



Which of the following statements is/are true about 62. different types of soil?

Loamy soil has good nutrient holding capacity 1. which is suitable for variety of crops. Sandy soils particles being small in size have 2. high water retention properties. Clayey soils are characterized by high amount of 3. percolation and nutrient loss.

Select the correct option using the code given below:


1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

Which of the following statements are true 63. regarding different soil conservation methods?

In terrace farming fl at and wider steps are 1. formed along the hilly slope.In contour bunding rows of trees are planted to 2. check the wind movement to protect soil cover.Contour ploughing is done at right angles to the 3. hill slope, the ridges and furrows break the fl ow of water down the hill.

Codes:



Farmer suicides in the country are linked to the 64. ‘agrarian distresses’ caused due to changes in economic and agricultural policies. Which of the following leads to agrarian distresses?

Impact of globalization.1. Heavy shift towards cash crops.2. Lack of agricultural extensio policies.3.



2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

What do you understand by the term ‘ebb’?65.

The time between the low tide and high tide when (a) tide is falling is called ‘ebb’.

The time between high tide and low tide when (b) water level is rising is called as ‘ebb’.

The time between the high tide and low tide when (c) water level is falling is called as ‘ebb’.

The time between the low tide and high tide when (d) tide is rising is called as ‘ebb’.


10

Consider the following statements regarding 66. estuaries:

Estuaries are formed where mouth of river is 1. drowned in submerged lowlands.Silted entrance of Estuaries make excellent site 2. for ports.Estuaries can fi lter sediment and pollutants from 3. the water before it fl ows into the oceans Estuaries can decrease the effects of fl ooding 4. and storm surges.


1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only(a)

2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4(b)

Consider the following statements with respect to 67. the phenomenon of earthquake:

During earthquake, the release of energy occurs 1. along the fault where rocks tend to move in the opposite direction.Epicenter is the point where energy of an 2. earthquake is released. Focus of an earthquake is the fi rst one to 3. experience the waves.Epicenter of an earthquake is the point directly 4. above the focus of an earthquake.

Which of the above statements are incorrect?

1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only(a)


Which of the following statements related to the 68. convergent boundary plates are correct?

Collision of the Eurasian Plate and the African 1. Plate formed the Pontic Mountains in Turkey.Subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South 2. American Plate lead to formation the Andes.The collision between the Australian Plate and 3. the Pacifi c Plate formed the Southern Alps in New Zealand.Subduction of the northern part of the Pacifi c 4. Plate and the NW North American Plate formed the Aleutian Islands.


2 and 4 (a) only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only

1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4(b)

Consider the following statements with respect to 69. the River Piracy:

River Piracy begins at the middle course of the 1. river.The development of River Piracy is dependent 2. on different rates of headward erosion of one stream valley into another.The bend at which the River Piracy occurs is 3. termed as elbow of capture.

Which among the above given statements are correct?



How do the waterfalls form?70. When a resistant rock lies transversely across 1. the river valley.When a fault line scrap caused by folding lies 2. across the river.When the water plunges down the edge of a 3. plateau.

Which of the above stated reasons are correct?


2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b)

Consider the following statements related to the 71. seismic waves:

Love waves are surface waves that cause 1. horizontal shifting of the Earth during an earthquake.S waves move faster and are fi rst to arrive at the 2. surface.P waves can only travel through the solid 3. material.Refl ection causes the wave to rebound whereas 4. refraction makes waves move in different direction.




Consider the following statements related to 72. Tsunami:

The effects of tsunami would occur only if the 1. epicenter of tremor is below the oceanic waters and the magnitude is suffi ciently high.Tsunamis which are earthquake in itself are 2. waves generated by the tremors.

Which among the above statements is/are correct?



Why the gravitational force is greater near the 73. poles and less at the equator?

The outward centrifugal force produced by 1. Earth’s rotation is larger at latitudes near the Equator than at polar latitudes. Due to Earth’s equatorial bulge.2.

Which of the above stated reasons is/are correct?


2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (b)


11

Which among the following are the features of a 74. River in the youthful stage?

Gorges1.

Vertical corrosion2.

Waterfall3.

Meandering4.

Canyons5.

Codes:

1, 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only(a)

2, 3, 4 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5(b)

Consider the following statements related to the 75. Earth’s crust:

The density of continental crust is lesser than the 1. oceanic crust due to large amount of aluminum in the continental crust.

Lithosphere plates appear to move around on 2. the more ductile Asthenosphere.

Asthenosphere is a part of the upper 3. mantle whereas earth’s crust is a part of the lithosphere.



2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only (b)

Why prolonged rainfall leads to landslide?76. The rainwater infi ltrates into the soil which 1. saturates the soil and increases its weight.

The rainwater increases the cohesive forces 2. between the soil particles which lubricates the slide plane.

The rainwater reduces the friction between the 3. weathered materials and the bedrock.

Which of the above stated reasons is/are correct?


1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b)

Which of the following terminologies associated 77. with drainage system is/are incorrect?

Catchment area: An area drained by a river and 1. its tributaries.

Drainage basin: The specifi c area to which a 2. river drain.

River regime: Describe the annual variations in a 3. specifi ed river’s discharge.

Watershed: The geographical boundary 4. separating two drainage systems.


1, 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 2 (a)

3 only (d) None (b)

Hydrosphere is characterized by various types 78. of relief features and one of them is submarine canyon. Consider the following statements related to submarine canyon:

Submarine canyons are found in the continental 1. shelf and are cut across continental slopes and continental rises of the ocean. Submarine canyons are formed due to sliding of 2. one tectonic plate beneath another.Submarine canyons play a major role in carrying 3. land derived organic carbon to the deep ocean, thus controlling atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).




Consider the following statements related to the 79. earthquakes:

Earthquakes occur due to brittle failure of a 1. portion of the Earth’s lithosphere.Strain energy which has built up in the 2. lithosphere is deformed by plate tectonics and get released by brittle failure.Only few earthquakes occur in the lithosphere.3.




Which of the following continent has the highest 80. ratio of coast to landmass?

Asia (c) Europe(a)

Australia (d) Africa (b)

Consider the following Statement about cotopaxi:81. It is the part of the chain of volcanoes around the 1. Pacifi c Ring of Fire.It is located in the Rockies Mountain Chain.2. It is a dormant volcanic mountain.3.

Which one of the above statements is/are correct?


2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b)

Earthquakes have all encompassing disastrous 82. effects on the area of their occurrence. Which of the following are the major effects of earthquake on ground?

Landslides 1. Liquefaction2. Tsunami3.

Which of the above stated effects are correct?

1 and 2 Only (c) 1 and 3 only(a)



12

Which of the following statements are correct 83. about asthenosphere?

The asthenosphere is the weak and easily 1. deformed layer of the Earth that acts as a “lubricant” for the tectonic plates to slide over.The asthenosphere extends from 100 km depth 2. to 660 km beneath the Earth’s surface.Lithosphere and asthenosphere represent 3. changes in the mechanical properties of the Earth.

Select the answer from the codes given below:



Weathering is action of elements of weather 84. and climate over earth materials. Consider the following statements with respect to the different types of weathering:

Chemical weathering is when gases dissolve in 1. rain to form weak acids that corrode rocks such as granite and gneiss.Biological weathering is when Lichens grow on 2. rocks and release acids to dissolve the minerals in them.Physical weathering is when continual freeze 3. and thaw cycle causes rocks to splinter and break into small pieces.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?


3 only (d) 2 and 3 only(b)

Which of the following are the main reasons for 85. the occurrence of fl oods?

Storm surge1. High intensity rainfall for a considerably longer 2. time period. Presence of eroded material in the water due to 3. higher rate of soil erosion.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:


2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

Which of the following forms the best examples of 86. igneous rocks?

Granite, Gneiss, Pumice Stone, (a)

Basalt, Serpentine, Gabbro(b)

Pumice Stone, Granite, Gabbro, (c)

Gneiss, Serpentine, Granite(d)

Consider the following statements about the 87. lithosphere:

The lithosphere is the upper part of the earth 1. and contains rocks, minerals.

The lithosphere does not include the crust and 2. the solid portion of the mantle.Only eight elements oxygen, silicon, aluminum, 3. iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium constitute more than 99% of its volume.

Which of the above statements are incorrect?



Tsunami is a Japanese phrase which means harbor 88. wave. With reference to TSUNAMI consider the following statements:

This geophysical phenomenon is associated with 1. earthquake or volcanic eruption.Ships which are sailing in the middle of the ocean 2. will be the most affected ones by Tsunamis.Tsunamis have higher wavelength and their 3. speed is directly proportional to the depth of the ocean.

select the correct option using the code given below:

1 and 3 (a) only (c) 3 only

2 and 3 (b) only (d) 1, 2 and 3

There are several different kinds of faults. These 89. faults are named according to the type of stress that acts on the rock and by the nature of the movement of the rock blocks either side of the fault plane. Which of the following statements are correct in this regard?

Reverse faults occur when tensional forces act in 1. opposite directions.Normal faults develop when compressional 2. forces exist. A graben fault is produced when tensional 3. stresses result in the subsidence of a block of rock.


1 (a) only (c) 3 only

2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

A vertical section through different layers of the 90. soil is called the soil profi le. Consider the following statements with respect to different soil horizons:

A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface, 1. whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath.B-Horizon accumulates all the leached minerals 2. from A and E horizon.R-Horizon denotes the layer of partially 3. weathered bedrock.


3 only (c) (a) 1 and 3 only

2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b)


13

A vertical section through different layers of the 91. soil is called the soil profi le. Consider the following statements with respect to different soil horizons:

A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface, 1. whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. B-Horizon accumulates all the leached minerals 2. from A and E horizon. R-Horizon denotes the layer of partially 3. weathered bedrock.



2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

Percolation of water is the downward movement 92. of water through saturated or nearly saturated soil. Consider the following statements related to the percolation of water through soil:

Percolating water is only source of recharge of 1. ground water. Percolating water carries plant nutrients like 2. Calcium, Magnesium deep into lower layers. Clayey soils permit more percolation of water as 3. these occupy large number of macro-pores.


1 and 2 only (c) (a) 1 and 3 only


Which of the following statements are correct 93. about the continent of South America?

It contains wide plateaus and highlands as well 1. as vast lowlands. The greater part of South America lies within the 2. temperate zone. Parts of southern Peru and northern Chile have a 3. typical hot desert type of Climate.




Consider the following statements related to the 94. oceanic crust:

It is lighter than the continental crust.1. It is made up of basalt and granite.2. It is much younger than the continental crust.3.


1 (a) only (c) 3 only


Uncontrolled fl ow from bores and open earth-95. bore drains, threatens the health of important groundwater-dependant ecosystems by:

Encouragement of the spread of pest plants and 1. animals.

Land and water salinisation.2. Land subsidence and collapse, giving rise to geo-3. technical impacts on dwellings.

Which of the above stated impacts are correct?


2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b)

Consider the following statements related to the 96. Red Soil:

Red soil develops reddish color due to the wide 1. diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks and looks yellow when occur in hydrated form.The fi ne grained red and yellow soil are normally 2. fertile whereas coarse grained soils are poor in fertility.Red soil tends to form in climates that are warm, 3. temperate and moist.



2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b)

Consider the following statements about Fertile 97. Crescent Region:

The “fertile crescent” refers to a crescent-shaped 1. region containing the comparatively moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi-arid Western Asia. It comprises of important rivers stretching in an 2. arc from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates. It covers Israel, Syria and Iraq only. 3.

Which of the statements given above are correct?


1 (b) and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements related to the 98. functions of organic matter in soil:

It supplies N, P, S and other secondary and micro-1. nutrients for plant growth. It holds upto twenty times their weight of water. 2. It holds cations and anions and releases them 3. slowly.It buffers extreme acidity, salinity and alkalinity. 4.


1, 2 and 3 only (c) (a) 1, 3 and 4 only

2, 3 (b) and 4 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Which of the following land features are produced 99. by the erosional action of running water in the upper course of the river?

‘V’ shaped valleys1. Potholes2. Waterfalls3. Oxbow lake4.


14


1 and 2 only (c) (a) 1, 2 and 3 only2 and 3 only (d) 2, 3 and 4(b)

Which of the following represents the features of 100. podzol soil?

Podzols are low in fertility.1. They are highly leached soils.2. They support coniferous forests.3. They lack humus content.4.


1 and 2 only (c) (a) 2, 3 and 4 only1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

Consider the following statements about the 101. Central Uplands region of Europe:

Central Uplands includes region bordering 1. the main Alps to the north, which includes a large portion of southern Germany extending eastward. Central Uplands region is excellent source of raw 2. materials such as forest products and coal. The Central Uplands are also good locations for 3. dairy farming and cattle raising.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?1 and 2 only (c) (a) 1 and 3 only2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

River Niger passes through which of the following 102. West African countries?

Benin1. Guinea2. Burkina Faso 3.

Select the answer using the codes given below:1 (a) and 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only2 (b) and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements in the context of 103. alluvial soil:

They belongs to zonal order.1. They 2. are rich in potash, lime and humus content but defi cient in nitrogen.It decomposes very slowly dues to excessive 3. wetness as found in the doab region.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?1 only (c) (a) 1 and 3 only1 (b) and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Match the following:104. List I List IIA. Urals mountains 1. Volcanic MountainB. Sierra Nevada 2. Folded Mountain

C. Mt. Fuji 3. Block Mountain

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

A B C

2 3 1 (a)

3 2 1 (b)

3 1 2 (c)

2 1 3 (d)

Identify the type of Mountain having following 105. characteristics:

These mountains are formed when great blocks 1. of the earth’s crust may be raised or lowered during the late stages of mountain-building.These mountains have fl at tops, steep fault scraps 2. and the subsided portions between parallel faults are fl at-bottomed.

The above features are of which type of mountain?

Block Mountain (c) (a) Fold Mountain

Volcanic Mountain (d) Structural Mountain(b)

Which of the following statements regarding 106. Rejuvenation of a River is/are correct?

The uplift of land or a fall in sea level steepens 1. the slope thus lead to renewal of active downcutting which rejuvenate river. If rejuvenation occurs in middle course then 2. the river valleys get deepened and steep-sided gorges are formed.

Select the correct answer from the code given below:

1 only (c) (a) Both 1 and 2

2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (b)

Certain erosional landforms are formed due 107. various forces acting on the land. Consider the following statements with reference to these:

Peneplains are erosional landforms formed in 1. arid and semi-arid region.Pediplains are formed due to wind erosion in 2. humid conditions.


1 only (c) (a) Both 1 and 2


With reference to residual mountain which of the 108. following statements is/are correct?

Residual mountains are formed by general 1. lowering of level of surfaces nearby due to faulting.Residual mountains can also be formed by the 2. action of weathering.Vindhyas and Rajmahal hills are example of 3. residual mountains.


15

Select the correct answer using the code below:


1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2 only(b)

Which of the following is/are the effects of soil 109. acidity on plants?

It has toxic effect on root tissues and adversely 1. affects the permeability.It disturbs the balance between basic and acidic 2. constituents of the plant thus affects growth of plants.It affects the benefi cial activity of soil micro-3. organisms.It increases the decomposition of organic matter 4. by soil organisms.

Codes:

1, 2 and 3 only (c) (a) 1, 3 and 4 only

2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4(b)

Which of the following statements about acidic 110. igneous rock is/are correct?

Acid rocks have high content of silica.1. Due to the excess of silicon, Granite magma cools 2. fast.Acidic rocks are lighter in colour and less dense. 3.


1 only (c) (a) 1, 2 and 3


Which of the following geographical phenomenon 111. occur mainly in the Periglacial conditions?

Freeze and thaw cycle 1. Frost weathering2. Exfoliation3. Nivation 4.


1 only (c) (a) 3 only

2, 3 and 4 Only (d) 1, 2 and 4 only(b)

Consider the following statements related to the 112. seismic waves:

P-waves travels fastest through the solid 1. materials but slows down while passing through liquid.Rayleigh Waves have short wavelength which 2. propagates in all direction from the focus. Love waves are generated by the interaction of 3. P- and S- waves at the surface of the earth.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

1 and 2 (c) (a) 2 and 3

2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

Which of the following is/are the characteristic 113. features of the convergent plate boundary?

Formation of zone of progressively deeper 1. earthquakes.Formation of chain of volcanic islands.2. Shortening and thickening of the plates within 3. the collision zone.

Select the correct answer using the codes below:

1 and 2 only (c) (a) 2 only

2 and 3 (b) only (d) 1, 2 and 3

While going inwards of the earth solid crust 114. is followed by solid mantle and due to high temperature the liquid mantle, however the core is again solid this is because of:

High pressure(a)

High temperature.(b)

Presence of water in the interior.(c)

None of the above.(d)

Consider the following statements regarding soil 115. conservation:

It deals with fertility, soil erosion and improving 1. the degraded soil.Contour bunding , Shelter belts are used in hilly 2. areas for soil conservation.Finger gullies which degrade soil can be 3. eliminated by using terracing methods.


1 (a) only (c) 1, 2 and 3

1 and 3 (b) only (d) 2 only

Plutonic igneous rocks are formed beneath the 116. surface of earth. Which of the following are the plutonic structures?

Dykes1. Sills2. Basaltic plateau3. Pumice4. Laccoliths5.


2, 3 and 4 only (c) (a) 1, 2 and 3


Consider the following statements about acid lava:117. Acid lavas are highly viscous.1. Acid lavas have low melting point. 2. Acid lavas fl ow slowly.3. It builds gently sloping cones.4.


1 and 3 only (c) (a) 1, 2 and 3 only

2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4(b)


16

Various landforms are spread across the earth , 118. consider the following statements about them:

Mauna Kea is the highest peak of the earth 1. measured from the base.

Mt Kilimanjaro is located near equator thus not 2. covered with snow.

Mt Chimborazo is located along the equatorial 3. bulge.




Inselberg are Island Mountain. Which of the 119. following statements is/are correct with respect to them?

They are residual hills rising abruptly from 1. ground level.

They are characterized by very steep slopes and 2. rounded tops.

They are mostly found in snow covered areas.3.

Select the correct answers using the code given below:

1, 2 and 3 (c) (a) 2 and 3 only

1 and 2 (b) only (d) 3 only

When lava in a volcano gets solidifi ed before coming 120. out and volcano gets extinct, certain intrusive landforms are created which later appear after denudation. Which of the following statements are correct with respect to the landforms formed?

Laccolith is saucer shaped.1. Lopolith is large dome shaped.2.

Phacolith is len shaped.3.

Dykes are horizontal in shape.4.

Sills are vertical in shape.5.


3 only (c) (a) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only

1, 2 and 3 (b) only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Loss of soil fertility is contributing to lower 121. agricultural productivity. Which of the following measures is/are suitable to restore soil fertility?

Trickle-dip irrigation1.

Practicing strip cropping2.

Fallowing of land3.


1 and 2 only (c) (a) 2 only

1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3(b)

Which of the following physical factors determine 122. the extent and severity of soil erosion?

Erosivity of rainfall and erodibility of soil. 1.

Length and steepness of the slope.2.

Nature of land use and methods of cultivation.3.

Select the correct answer from the code given below:


1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b)

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PRELIMES WORKBOOK VOL 2B AQ 2021 B - IAS Score · 2021. 2. 20. · Workbook Volume 2: (Advanced Level Practice Questions) It covers all the standard reference books. MCQs of this