PRELIMINARY INVENTORY OF THE MOTH FAUNA OF THE FEN AND CEDAR SWAMP COMPLEXES AT

PIERCE CEDAR CREEK INSTITUTE

P. Gleave and J.H. Wilterding III,

Department of Natural and Physical Sciences Olivet College

Olivet, MI 49076 jwilterding@olivetcollege.edu; 269.749.7634

Introduction

Biological inventories are important components of research in natural areas. They can

serve as the foundation for subsequent research by providing biologists with information on

the composition of communities and occurrence of plant and animal species that occur there.

Additionally, increasing habitat changes and fragmentation, and the threat of global

environmental change increases the importance of sound biological inventories for the

continued monitoring of environmental health in these natural areas.

Botanical inventories are arguably the most important type of biotic inventory. Primarily

they are carried out to characterize the variety of plants in communities that are present in

particular ecosystems, and they also inform future studies of the fauna species composition in

the same area. Botanical inventories have already been completed for the wetland complexes

at Pierce Cedar Creek Institute (PCCI) (Slaughter and Skean 2003a). Good plant diversity

reflects good faunal diversity, which in turn, mirrors the health of the ecosystem.

The prairie fen at PCCI is one of Michigan's rarest ecosystems. These areas are peat-

covered wetlands fed by a constant flow of mineral-rich groundwater found only in glaciated

parts of the Midwest. There are 85 known prairie fens in southern Michigan, totaling about

2,000 acres. Although globally speaking they are not considered to be imperiled, they are

often found only in very small isolated pockets and good quality sites can be very difficult to

find (MNFI 2004). PCCI carries a small botanical community that resembles, in most

aspects, those of prairie fens without conspicuous prairie grass components (Slaughter and

Skean 2003a).

The white cedar swamp which carries the name of the Institute is likely the most unique

feature at PCCI when compared to the surrounding area. Given that this habitat is a southern

disjunct of a more northern habitat type (Slaughter and Skean, 2003b), it might be

hypothesized to also harbor more cool loving disjunct populations of Lepidoptera more

commonly found in Northern Michigan.

A complete inventory of Lepidoptera in the cedar swamp might reveal the same trend as

was found in plants. In light of increasing interest in global climate change, it may offer an

opportunity to assess the impact of increases in mean global temperature to both the flora and

fauna of this habitat in the future (which, given its location could be assumed to be sensitive

in part to perturbations in climate). The purpose of this study was to document the number of

moth species of the fen and cedar swamp wetlands of PCCI and to produce an annotated list

of these species.

Materials and Methods

A partial survey of micro-lepidoptera of the Pierce Cedar Creek wetland complexes

(prairie fen and cedar swamp) was carried out between March and October of 2006 and two

sampling events in 2005. Ten generator nights & 19 trap nights occurred for a total of 48

individual sampling events during the duration of this study. Sampling has occurred generally

once every week to ten days since May, but less frequently during March and April when

species numbers and diversity were more limited and the weather was less favorable.

Locations of sampling occurred at the northern edge of the cedar swamp south of Cloverdale

Road and the fen area on the southeast corner of Brewster Lake.

All sampling was done nocturnally and generally done seven to ten nights apart. Since

moths navigate by celestial light, sampling is improved on moonless nights or those nights

with low lunar illumination. Specimens were gathered using two sampling strategies: hand

collecting and trapping. The use of both methods was required to successfully sample the

selected areas during any given flight period. Both methods have advantages and

disadvantages. With hand collecting, a 250W Honda Generator, 150W Hg light and a sheet

was used. Selected specimens were picked off of the sheet with glass vials which were

immediately refrigerated. This method prevents over collecting, but has shorter collection

duration than trapping. The trapping method involved use of BioQuip 8W black light traps

which attracted moths into a funnel that led down into a bucket where ethyl acetate was used

as a dispatching agent. Sampling was completed in roughly the same area each time. The

traps were set at dusk and retrieved at dawn allowing a longer sampling period than hand

collecting.

Specimen preparation was carried out by dispatching with ethyl acetate then pinned

through the thorax, spread, dried and labeled. The trapped specimens were field pinned then

prepared the same way. Mounted specimens were then stored in drawers for future study. All

specimens are deposited in the Lepidoptera collection at Olivet College.

ID’s are complete for eight of the taxonomic groups collected: Sphingidae, Notodontidae,

Saturniidae, Arctiidae, Lasiocampidae, Apatelodidae, Lymantriidae, and Limacodidae. ID’s

are nearly complete for Noctuidae (134 spp. collected), Geometridae (70 spp.) and to a lesser

extent, the Pyralidae (28 spp.). These are the three largest families and comprise much of the

moth fauna in Michigan. At the time of this report, a number of species remain undetermined

from samples collected in 2005-2006. Specimen determinations were done based on

experience (John Wilterding), previously identified material at MSU, Olivet College, and the

author's collection, and from standard literature sources (Covell 1984), systematic revisions

(Ferguson 1982; Lafontaine and Poole 1991; Lafontaine 1987, 1998; Neunzig 2003), and

regional faunal papers (Forbes 1923, 1954; Rings et al.1992).

Discussion The moth fauna of the swamp, fen and surrounding mixed vegetation areas at PCCI

presently stands at 309 determined species of Lepidoptera, excluding the butterflies. The

number of moth species from these two areas at PCCI are predicted to exceed 400 species,

but a number of species that require further study involving dissection, or those from poorly

known taxonomic groups have not been included in this report. The present discussion will

focus on species found at PCCI that are uncommon throughout their range or in Michigan

and those species typical of wetland complexes. With the exception of two pyralid species,

our discussion of the PCCI Lepidoptera fauna will mostly be concerned with the Noctuidae

family.

Perhaps the most unusual record of a moth found at PCCI was a worn male specimen of

Chortodes enervata found in a light trap sample taken at the end of July in the small fen

complex south of Brewster Lake. If confirmed, the specimen marks the first occurrence of

this unusual moth in MI. Very uncommon throughout its range, it is concentrated in Atlantic

coastal wetland communities and a few scattered wet prairies in the Midwest (Metzler et al.

2005). In addition to this lone MI record, it has been recorded in high quality wet prairies in

WI, IL, IN, and OH. The relative rarity of this species in collections, the lack of supporting

literature, and the unique PCCI specimen before us, mean that further study is needed to

confirm the resident status of this species at PCCI. Sampling in the fen should be conducted

sparingly in order to not impact this potentially small population negatively.

Another uncommon lepidopteran only recently described from specimens found in MI and

WI, Ortholepis baloghi (Pyralidae) (Neunzig 2003), has been sampled from the fen at PCCI.

Known only from a handful of populations from WI and MI, and associated with Potentilla

as its host, the population at PCCI is fragile and should be carefully monitored. To the best of

my knowledge, there is but a small population of its host plant on the southeastern corner of

Brewster Lake, and this population should also be carefully monitored to ensure that it

remains large enough to support the moth. Another pyralid, Pediasia abnaki (Figure 1), was

found in small numbers in the fen complex and is associated with rich, sedgy wetlands (G.

Balogh personal communication, 2006) (Pohl et al. 2005). At PCCI it was not found in

numbers, six specimens in total were collected.

Uncommon everywhere, but particularly in the north, is the occurrence of Macrochilo

louisiana at PCCI in the swamp complex. The population at PCCI appears very large for this

species that is generally poorly represented in collections north of the Deep South (Ferguson,

1982). It has been associated in Michigan with small pocket wetlands that are surrounded by

forest communities. Wilterding (personal observation, 2006) had collected a specimen from

a small Panicum wetland in nearby Eaton County, and this grass, common in some of the

swamp habitat south of Cloverdale road, is a possible host of this insect. The related

noctuids, Phalaenostola hanhami (from the fen) and Zanclognatha deceptricalis (from the

swamp) are also very rare in collections (personal observation) as they are also rare in Ohio

(Rings et al. 1992). These three species are so poorly known that little is known of the

specific wetland type (if they are restricted at all) that offers suitable habitat for these insects.

A number of Lepidoptera from PCCI are associated with cat-tails, rushes and lilies and not

surprisingly, they are well represented by insects there. The Institute has all three Eastern

species of Bellura (Noctuidae) (Figures 2-4), with the most notable of these, Bellura densa

(Figure 2). In addition, the Institute has two of the three species of Archanara (Figures 5-6)

in the East, both of which are not commonly encountered, and of chief interest to the Institute

is the rare and local Archanara laeta (Figure 6), apparently associated with Sparganium

(Forbes, 1954).

The fen yielded other species of noctuids that are of interest, if only that they suggest a

healthy and diverse fauna of Lepidoptera in the fen complex. Fagitana littera (Figure 7) is a

distinctive noctuid whose resident status at PCCI has been confirmed by the sampling of

three males during the 2005-2006 field seasons. The larva of this species has been reared on

swamp fern (Forbes 1954, Rings et al. 1992) and is considered uncommon and local

throughout its range. Deltote bellicula, Dispyralis nigellus, Euretagrotis sigmoides,

Diachrysia balluca and Lycophotia phyllophora are less frequently encountered Lepidoptera,

and while probably not restricted to fen communities, are notable for their occurrence at

PCCI. There are curiously few records of E. sigmoides, the PCCI population being only the

second experience with this species in MI by the junior author (Wilterding, personal

observation, 2006).

The swamp yielded two noctuids of notable occurrence at PCCI: Cirrophanus triangulifer

(Figure 8) (only recently recorded in Michigan, G. Balogh personal communication 2006)

and a single specimen of Papaipema speciosissima which is associated with Osmunda ferns

common in the swamp complex (especially cinnamon fern), and is undoubtedly more

abundant at PCCI than our samples would reflect.

A number of noctuids appearing to be wetland generalists have been sampled at both the

swamp and fen stations. Melanomma auricinctaria, Calyptra canadensis (Figure 9),

Homophoberia cristata, Simyra henrici (Figure 10), Meropleon diversicolor (Figure 11),

Papaipema inquaesita, Amolita fessa (Figure 12), Leucania spp, Capis curvata,

Homophoberia cristata, Hypocoena inquinata (Figure 13), and Vaxi critica (Figure 14) are

generally considered uncommon throughout their range, but at PCCI the population for these

interesting moths appears to be strong. It is possible that the Institute also has a population of

Meropleon ambifuscum, but at the time of completing this report, there has not been

sufficient time to perform a dissection on this moth to determine if this sibling species of

Meropleon diversicolor is also present at the Institute.

The present survey indicates substantial diversity of Lepidoptera at PCCI and suggests

that the wetland moth community is healthy. Beyond the Noctuidae, the diversity of other

families also appears high. PCCI harbors a number of moth species worthy of further study

and protection. As was elucidated by Slaughter and Skean (2003a), the shrub-carr regions of

the institute are indicative of the absence of fire and will likely expand, further diminishing

the diversity of habitats rich in sedges. That, in combination with expanding populations of

invasive plants in the wetland (chickweed, purple loosestrife and now Phragmites), make

careful management of the wetland complex critically important to the longevity of moth and

insect diversity at PCCI. We strongly encourage referencing our data for any future program

involving the burning of the shrub-carr or fen. Care must be taken not to burn the entire area

(holdover portions), but rather leaving some fen areas in order to preserve populations of

moths that are potentially very small. In this way, PCCI may ensure the further health and

stability of these significant moth populations into the future.

References Cited Covell, Jr., C.V. 1984. A Field Guide to the Moths of Eastern North America. Houghton

Mifflin Co., New York, NY. 496 pp. Hodges, R.W., et al., eds. 1983. Check list of the Lepidoptera of America north of

Mexico. E.W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London, England. 284 pp.

Ferguson, D.C. 1982. A revision of the genus Macrochilo Hübner (Lepidoptera:

Noctuidae). Entomography 1:303–332. Forbes, W. T. M. 1923. The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part 1.

Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 68:1-729. Forbes, W. T. M. 1954. The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. Part 3.

Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 329:1-433. Lafontaine, J.D. 1987. Noctuoidea. Noctuidae (part). Noctuinae (Part - Euxoa). In The

Moths of America North of Mexico Including Greenland, Fascicle27.2. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation,Washington, DC. 237 pp., 32 monochrome pl., 8 color pl.

Lafontaine, J.D. 1998. Noctuoidea. Noctuidae (part). Noctuinae (Part -Noctuini). In The

Moths of America North of Mexico Including Greenland, Fascicle 27.3. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC. 348 pp., 36 monochrome pl., 8 color pl.

Lafontaine, J.D., and R.W. Poole, 1991. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part). Plusiinae. In The

Moths of America North of Mexico Including Greenland, Fascicle 25.1. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation,Washington, DC. 182 pp., 18 monochrome pl., 4 color pl.

Metzler, E. H., J. A. Shuey, L. A. Ferge, R. A. Henderson, and P. Z. Goldstein. 2005.

Contributions to the Understanding of Tallgrass Prairie-Dependent Butterlfies and Moths (Lepidoptera) and their Biogeography in the United States. Ohio Biological Survey, 143 pp.

MNFI, 2004. Prairie Fen.

http://web4.msue.msu.edu/mnfi/abstracts/ecology/Prairie_fen.pdf MNFI 2004 Prairie Fen

Neunzig, H. H. 2003. Pyraloidea, Pyaralidae (Part). Phycitinae (Part). In The Moths of

America North of Mexico Including Greenland, Fascicle 15.5. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation,Washington, DC. 338 pp.

Pohl, G. R., C. D. Bird, J.-F. Landry and G. W Anweiler. 2005. New Records of Microlepidoptera in Alberta Canada. The Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 59: 61-82.

Poole, R.W. 1989. Lepidopterorum Catalogus. Noctuidae. Parts 1–3. Fascicle 118. E.J.

Brill, New York, NY. 1314 pp. Rings, R.W., E. H. Metzler, F. J. Arnold, and D.H. Harris. 1992. The owlet moths of Ohio,

order Lepidoptera family Noctuidae. Ohio Biological Survey Bull. 9(2):1-222. Slaughter, B. S., and J. D. Skean. 2003a. Annotated checklist of Vascular Plants in the Vacinity of Cedar Creek and Brewster Lake, Pierce Cedar Creek Insititute, Barry County, Michigan. The Michigan Botanist, 42:127-148. Slaughter, B. S. and J. D. Skean. 2003b. Comparison of Cedar and Tamarack Stands in a Relict Conifer Swamp at Pierce Cedar Creek Institute, Barry County, Michigan. The Michigan Botanist, 42: 111-126

List of Lepidoptera at PCCI*

OECOPHORIDAE Agonopteryx argillicae-889, swamp YPONOMEUTIDAE Atteva punctella-2401, swamp SESIIDAE Synanthedon acerni-2554, fen TORTRICIDAE Phaneta awemeana-2911, fen and swamp Phaneta formosana-2916, both Suleima cinerodorsana-3217, fen Argyrotaenia juglandana-3622, fen Archips purpurana-3658, swamp Clepsis clemensiana-3684, fen Phaneta amodaidaleia-3007.95, swamp Sparganothis unifasciana-3711, fen Hysterosia birdana-3801, fen and swamp LIMACODIDAE Tortricidia flexuosa-4654, swamp Tortricidia testacea-4652, swamp Packardia geminate-4659, swamp Lithacodes fasciola-4665, swamp Apoda y-inversum-4667, swamp Prolimacodes trigona-4670, fen Prolimacodes badia-4671, fen Adoneta spinuloides-4685, fen Euclea delphinii-4697, fen PYRALIDAE Munroessa icciusalis-4748, fen Munroessa gyralis-4751, fen Parapoynx obscuralis-4760, swamp Parapoynx badiusalis-4761, fen Stegea eripalis-4864, swamp Dicymolomia julianalis-4889, swamp Evergestis pallidata-4897, fen Nascia acutella-4937, fen and swamp Crocidophora serratissimalis-4944, swamp Crocidophora tuberculalis-4945, swamp Ostrinia nubilalis-4949, swamp Fumibotys fumalis-4950, fen

Phlyctaenia coronata-4953, fen and swamp Pyrausta bicoloralis-5040, swamp Nomophila nearctica-5156, swamp Desmia funeralis-5159, swamp Desmia maculalis-5160, fen Herpetogramma pertextalis-5275, fen and swamp Crambus alballus-5361, fen and swamp Pediasia abnaki-5416, fen Urola nivalis-5464, swamp Vaxi auratella-5465, fen Vaxi critica-5466, fen Aglossa cuprina-5518, fen Aphomia sociella-5629, fen Aphomia terrenella-5630, swamp Ancylis albocostana-5750, fen Ortholepsis baloghi-5781.1, fen DREPANIDAE Drepana arcuata-6251, fen and swamp GEOMETRIDAE Alsophila pometaria-6258, fen and swamp Protitame virginalis-6270, fen Eumacaria latiferrugata-6272, fen Macaria (Itame) pustularia-6273, fen Macaria (Itame) subcessaria-6303, fen Semiothisa promiscuata-6331, fen Semiothisa oweni-6351, fen Aethalura intertexta(?)-6570, fen Iridopsis humaria-6584, fen Iridopsis larvaria-6588, fen Ectropis crepuscularia-6597, fen and swamp Protoboarmia procelaria-6598, fen Epimecis hortaria-6599, fen Melanolophia canadaria(?)-6620, fen and swamp Melanolophia signataria-6621, fen Eufidonia notataria-6638, fen and swamp Biston betularia-6640, swamp Hypagyrtis piniata-6656, swamp Phigalia titea-6658, fen and swamp Phigalia strigataria-6660, fen and swamp Cabera erythemaria-6677, fen and swamp Cabera variolaria-6678, fen Xanthotype urticaria-6740, swamp Xanthotype sospeta-6743, swamp Xanthotype attenuaria-6744, swamp

Pero honestaria-6753, fen Pero morrisonaria-6755, swamp Phaeoura quernaria-6673, swamp Campaea perlata-6796, swamp Ennomos magnaria-6797, swamp Metanema determinata-6820, fen and swamp Metarranthis homuraria-6828, fen Cepphis armatiaria-6835, fen Probole amicaria-6838, fen and swamp Probole nepiasaria-6839, fen and swamp Plagodis serinaria-6840, swamp Plagodis kuetzingi-6841, fen and swamp Sicya macularia-6912, fen Eusarca confusaria-6941, fen and swamp Tetracis crocallata-6963, swamp Tetracis cachexiata-6964, swamp Eutrapela clemataria-6966, fen and swamp Prochoerodes transversata-6982, swamp Nematocampa limbata-7009, swamp Nemoria bifilata(?)-7045, swamp Dichorda iridaria-7053, swamp Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria-7071, fen Chlorochlamys triangularis (?)-7072, fen Lobocleta ossularia(?)-7094, Scopula lumboundata-7159, fen and swamp Scopula inductata-7169, swamp Eulithis diversilineata-7196, swamp Hydriomena divisaria-7235, fen Anticlea multiferata-7330, fen Xanthorhoe ferrugata-7388, fen Xanthorhoe lacustrata-7390, fen Epirrhoe alterata-7394, swamp Euphyia unangulata-7399, fen Orthonama obstipata-7414, fen Orthonama centrostrigaria-7416, fen and swamp Horisma intestinata-7445, swamp Eupithecia herefordaria(?)-7509 Eupethecia segregate-7557, fen Eupethecia ravocostaliata-7605 Lobophora nivigerata-7640, fen and swamp Heteropheleps triguttaria-7647, fen and swamp Apatelodes torrefacta-7663, fen and swamp Olceclostera angelica-7665, swamp Malacosoma disstria-7698, fen and swamp Malacosoma americanum-7701, swamp

APATELODIDAE Apatelodes torrefacta-7663, fen and swamp Olceclostera angelica-7665, swamp LASIOCAMPIDAE Tolype velleda-7670, fen and swamp Malacosoma disstria-7698, fen and swamp Malacosoma americanum-7701, swamp SATURNIIDAE Dryocampa rubicunda—7715, swamp Autumeris io-7746, fen and swamp Antherea polyphemus-7757, fen and swamp Callosamia cecropia-7767, fen SPHINGIDAE Seratomia amyntor-7786, swamp Seratomia undulosa-7787, swamp Sphinx canadensis-7807, swamp Smerinthus jamaicensis-7821, fen and swamp Paonias excaecatus-7824, fen and swamp Paonias myops-7825, fen and swamp Laothoe juglandis-7827, swamp Deidamia inscripta-7871, fen and swamp Darapsa pholus-7886, fen and swamp NOTODONTIDAE Clostera albosigma-7895, fen Clostera inclusa-7896, fen and swamp Datana ministra-7902, swamp Datana integerrima-7907, swamp Nadata gibbosa-7915, fen and swamp Peridea angulosa-7920, fen Peridea ferruginea-7921, swamp Nerice bidentata-7929, swamp Ellida canipelaga-7930, swamp Gluphisa septentrionis-7931, fen and swamp Cerura scitiscripta-7942, swamp Symmerista leucitys-7953, swamp Heterocampa oblique-7983, fen and swamp Heterocampa guttivitta-7994, fen and swamp Heterocampa biundata-7995, swamp Schizura ipomoeae-8005, swamp Schizura unicornis-8007, fen and swamp

ARCTIIDAE Crambidia pallida-8045.1, swamp Hypoprepia mineata-8089, swamp Hypoprepia fucosa-8090, fen and swamp Clemensia albata-8098, swamp Haploa reversa-8109, fen and swamp Haploa lacontei-8111, fen and swamp Holomelina lamae-8120, fen Pyrrharctia isabella-8129, swamp Spilosoma virginica-8131, swamp Phragmatobia lineate-8157, swamp Apantesis phalerata- 8169, fen and swamp Grammia virgo-8197, fen and swamp Halysidota tesselaris-8203, swamp Lophocampa caryae-8211, fen and swamp Cycnia tenera-8230, swamp Ctenucha virginica-8262, fen and swamp Cisseps fulvicollis- 8267, fen and swamp LYMANTRIIDAE Dasychira dorsipennata- 8293, fen and swamp Orgyia leucostigma-8316, fen Lymantria dispar-8318, fen and swamp NOCTUIDAE Idia americalis-8322, swamp Phalaenophana pyramusalis-8338, fen and swamp Zanclognatha deceptricalis-8341, swamp Zanclognatha pedipilalis-8348, fen and swamp Zanclognatha ochreipennis-8353, fen Dispyralis petrealis-8356, fen Macrochilo absorptalis-8357, fen Macrochilo litophora-8358, fen Macrochilo orciferalis-8360, fen Macrochilo louisiana-8361, swamp Phalaenostola eumelusalis-8363, fen Phalaenostola hanhami-8365, fen Bleptina caradrinalis-8370, fen Renia nemoralis-8380, swamp Palthis angulalis-8397, fen Palthus asopialis-8398, fen Rivula propinquialis-8404, fen and swamp Colobochyla interpuncta-8411, fen and swamp Melanomma auricinctaria-8412, fen and swamp Dispyralis nigellus-8428, fen Negetia formosalis-8440, fen and swamp

Hypena manalis-8441, fen and swamp Hypena scabra -8465, fen and swamp Hypena madefactalis-8447, swamp Ledaea perditalis-8491, fen and swamp Plusiadonta compressipalpis-8534, fen Calyptra Canadensis-8536, fen and swamp Panopoda rufimargo- 8587, swamp Zale undularis-8695, fen Zale lunata-8689, fen Euclidia cuspidea- 8731, fen Celiptera frustulum-8747, swamp Catocala vidua-8792, swamp Catocala ceragama-8802, swamp Catocala relicta-8803, swamp Diachrysia balluca-8897, fen Allagrapha aerea-8898, swamp Autographa precationis (?)-8908, swamp Anagrapha falcifera-8924, swamp Baileya ophthalmica-8924, swamp Baileya dormitans(?)-8971, fen Baileya australis-8973, fen Meganola minuscule-8983-swamp Nola triquetrana-8992, swamp Deltote bellicula-9046, fen Lithacodia muscosula-9047, fen and swamp Lithacodia albidula-9048, fen and swamp Lithacodia synochitis-9049, fen Homophoberia cristata-9056, fen and swamp Homophoberia apicosa-9057, fen and swamp Capis curvata-9059, fen Cerma cerintha-9062, swamp Leuconycta diphteroides-9065, fen and swamp Leuconycta lepidula-9066, fen and swamp Tarachidia erastrioides-9095, swamp Panthea acronyctoides-9177, fen and swamp Raphia frater-9193, fen Acronicta superans-9226, swamp Acronicta spinigera-9235, swamp Acronicta morula-9236, swamp Acronicta increta-9249, swamp Acronicta noctivaga-9259, fen Acronicta lithospila-9266, fen and swamp Simyra henrici-9280, fen and swamp Agriopodes fallax-9281, swamp Agriopodes teratophora-9284, swamp Eudryas unio-9299, fen and swamp

Eudryas grata-9301, fen Apamea dubitans-9367, swamp Luperina passer-9391, swamp Meropleon diversicolor-9427, fen and swamp Hypocoena inquinata-9437, fen and swamp Chortodes enervata-9441, fen Archanara oblonga-9449, fen and swamp Archanara laeta-9451, fen Helotropha reniformis-9453, fen and swamp Papaipema arctivorens-9471, fen and swamp Papaipema speciosissima-9482, swamp Papaipema inquaesita-9483, fen and swamp Papaipema birdi-9486, swamp Papaipema eupatorii-9497, fen Papaipema rigida-9503, fen and swamp Achatodes zeae-9520, swamp Bellura gortynoides-9523, fen Bellura obliqua-9525, fen and swamp Bellura densa-9526, fen and swamp Euplexia benesimilis-9545, fen Ipimorpha pleonectusa-9555, swamp Hyppa xylinoides-9578, swamp Nedra ramosula-9582, fen Fagitana littera-9629, fen Callopistria mollissima—9631, fen Amphipyra pryamidoides-9638, fen and swamp Amphipyra tragopoginis-9639, swamp Crambodes talidiformis-9661, fen Balsa tristrigella-9663, fen Cirrophanus triangulifer-9766, swamp Amolita fessa-9818, fen and swamp Lithophane bethunei-9887, swamp Galgula partita-9688, swamp Sunira bicolorago-9957, swamp Eucosma derelicta-9975, fen and swamp Lacinipolia renigera-10397, fen and swamp Lacinipolia lorea-10405, fen Faronta diffusa-10431, fen Mythimna oxygala-10436, fen Pseudaletia unipuncta-10438, fen and swamp Leucania linita-10440, fen and swamp Leucania multilinia (?)-10446 Leucania ursula-10461, swamp Leucania pseudargyra-10462, swamp Orthosia hibisci-10495, fen and swamp Crocigrapha normani-10501, swamp

Morrisonia confusa-10521, fen Nephalodes minians-10524, fen and swamp Orthodes cynica-10587, fen and swamp Tricholita signata-10627, fen Agrotis venerabilis-10651, fen Agrotis ipsilon-10663, swamp Feltia herilis-10676, fen and swamp Euxoa velleripennis-10803, fen Ochropleura plecta-10891, fen Xestia badinodis-10955, fen Cerastas salicarum-10996, fen Choephora fungorum-10998, swamp Protolampra brunneicollis-11006, swamp Eueretagrotis sigmoides-11007, fen Eueretagrotis perattentus-11008, swamp Lycophotia phyllophora-11010, fen Cryptocala acadiensis-11012, swamp Noctua pronuba-11012.1, fen and swamp Schinia arcigera-11128, swamp Abagrotis alternate-11029, fen Schinia rivulosa-11135, swamp

• The list above follows the most recent Checklist of North American Lepidoptera (Hodges et al 1983). In some cases the generic combinations have changed and do not reflect those in the catalog. The checklist offers no citations that support those changes.

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© Photos by Pamela Gleave Figures 1-14. Representative moths collected at Pierce Cedar Creek Institute. Fig. 1-Pediasia abnaki Fig. 2-Bellura densa Fig. 3-Bellura oblique Fig. 4-Bellura gortynoides Fig. 5-Archanara oblonga Fig. 6-Archanara laeta Fig. 7-Fagitana littera Fig. 8-Cirrophanus triangulifer Fig. 9-Calyptra canadensis Fig. 10-Simyra henrici Fig. 11-Meropleon diversicolor Fig. 12-Amolita fessa Fig. 13-Hypocoena inquinata Fig 14-Vaxi critic