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UNEP-WCMC technical report

Preliminary list of species which may

warrant further

consideration in

preparation for CoP17

(Version edited for public release)

2 Preliminary list of species which may warrant further consideration in preparation for CoP17

Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional

Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels,

Belgium

Published April 2015

Copyright European Commission 2015

Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2015. Preliminary list of species which may warrant further consideration in

preparation for CoP17. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.

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3 Preliminary list of species which may warrant further consideration in preparation for CoP17 As a major importer of wildlife, the EU is considering potential engagement with range States to support their preparations in the context of the upcoming

CITES CoP17. To define priorities, the European Commission compiled an initial selection of species, based largely on Altherr (2014), and requested UNEP-

WCMC to provide high-level information on these taxa. Table 1 presents a preliminary overview of relevant data for this initial assessment of species. EU

Member States are invited to consider which of these species may require further action, such as more detailed reviews and/or consultation with range

States. Member States are also invited to suggest any other taxa not included in the table but that could merit consideration, as well as taxonomic groups

of potential interest that could be investigated in more detail to identify non-listed species that may be threatened by trade.

Table 1: Preliminary overview of species which may warrant further consideration in preparation for CoP17

Scientific name

(Common name)

Distribution Population status and trends Biology Trade a threat? Previous CITES/EU discussions

Primates

Cercopithecidae

Macaca sylvanus

(Barbary macaque) Morocco, Algeria, extinct in Tunisia, introduced in Gibraltar (Butynski et al., 2008).

Categorised as Endangered by IUCN in 2008 (Butynski et al., 2008).

Estimated population decline rate exceeding 50% over the last 3 generations (24 years) and expected to continue (Butynski et al., 2008). Main habitat, cedar and oak forests in mountainous regions, under threat from logging, overgrazing and clearance (Butynski et al., 2008). Population declines due to loss of habitat, fragmentation, restriction of access to water and pet trade (Butynski et al., 2008).

Maximum lifespan: 22 years, mean 18.3 years; age at first birth: 4.8 years; interbirth interval: 1 year (Lindenfors, 2002).

Social in female dominated groups of 10-88 individuals (Ménard and Vallet, 1993), (Lindenfors, 2002).

Reported as a significant threat to wild population (Butynski et al., 2008). Estimates of unsustainable numbers of juveniles captured for sale (up to 300 juveniles per year) (Lavieren, 2008).

EU Trade suspension in place since 1997.

Currently in Appendix II/Annex B.

Reptilia

Agamidae

Calotes nigrilabris

(Black cheeked lizard)

Sri Lanka

(central highlands (Thasun Amarasinghe et al., 2011).

Not assessed by IUCN.

Classified as ‘Endangered’ on the national Red List, with an extent of occupancy estimated at less than 500 km2 (Ministry of Environment Sri Lanka, 2012). Smaller area of occupancy (about 300 km2) estimated by Bahir and Surasinghe (2005). Common but restricted to 5 isolated mountain-top sites (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005); population declining (Karunarathna et al., 2011).

Clutches of 2-4 eggs (Thasun Amarasinghe et al., 2011).

Occurs in tropical moist montane forest sites and grasslands between 1000 and 2400 m above sea level (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005).

No information was found reporting trade as a threat.

Offered for sale online in the EU (Altherr, 2014).

-

4 Scientific name

(Common name)


Calotes versicolor

(Common garden lizard)

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Iran, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, , Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam

(Nguyen et al., 2009). Introduced into Singapore, Indonesia (Borneo, Java) and USA (Florida) (Das, 2010).


Classified as ‘Least Concern’ on the national Red List (Ministry of Environment Sri Lanka, 2012). Considered to be the most common agamid lizard of India (Daniel, 1983). Common in open, man-made habitats but less common or rare in forested areas in Peninsular Malaysia (Grismer, 2011).

Clutch sizes of 3-14 (Xiang et al., 2002), and 11-23 reported (Daniel, 1983); multiple clutches per season reported in captive specimens (Xiang et al., 2002). Sexually mature in 9-12 months (Das, 2010).

Occurs in anthropogenic habitats from sea level to 1400m above sea level in Sri Lanka (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005).


-

Ceratophora stoddartii

(Rhino-horned lizard)

Sri Lanka (central highlands (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005).


Classified as ‘Endangered’ on the national Red List, with an extent of occupancy estimated at less than 500 km2 (Ministry of Environment Sri Lanka, 2012). Smaller area of occupancy (about 200 km2) estimated by Bahir and Surasinghe (2005). Uncommon and restricted to >10 isolated mountain-top sites (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005).

Clutch size of 6-13 eggs (Pethiyagoda and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1998).

Restricted to tropical moist montane forest sites between 1200 (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005) and 2200m above sea level (Bambaradeniya, 2006).


Offered for €2200-2500/pair (Altherr, 2014).

-

Cophotis ceylanica

(Pygmy lizard)

Sri Lanka

(central highlands (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005)).


Classified as ‘Endangered’ on the national Red List, with an extent of occupancy estimated at less than 500 km2 (Ministry of Environment Sri Lanka, 2012). Rare and restricted to 4 isolated mountain-top sites (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005).

Viviparous (Manamendra-Arachchi et al., 2006) and considered rare (Altherr, 2014).

Restricted to tropical moist montane forest sites between 1300 and 2200 m above sea level (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005); according to Manamendra-Arachchi et al. (2006) restricted to forest above 1700 m.



-

Lyriocephalus scutatus

(Hump snout lizard)

Sri Lanka

(southwest wet zone (Somaweera and de Silva, 2010)).

Categorised as Near Threatened by the IUCN in 2009 (Somaweera and de Silva, 2010).

Classified as ‘Vulnerable’ on the national Red List, with an extent of occurrence estimated at

Clutches of 2-4 eggs (Suranjan Karunarathna and Thasun Amarasinghe, 2013).

Use in pet trade reported (Suranjan Karunarathna and Thasun Amarasinghe, 2013), and considered a threat which is reducing population numbers

-

5 Scientific name

(Common name)


Lyriocephalus scutatus

(Hump snout lizard) (cont.)

less than 5000 km2 (Ministry of Environment Sri Lanka, 2012). Extent of occurrence estimated at less than 17400 km2 by IUCN

(Somaweera and de Silva, 2010). Much smaller area of occupancy (about 800 km2) estimated by Bahir and Surasinghe (2005). Uncommon and restricted to >10 sites (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005). Unknown population trend (Somaweera and de Silva, 2010).

Occurs in tropical moist lowland forest up to 1650 m above sea level (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005).

(Somaweera and de Silva, 2010).


Otocryptis wiegmanni

(Sri Lankan kangaroo lizard)

Sri Lanka

(Bahir and Silva, 2005).


Classified as ‘Least Concern’ on the national Red List (Ministry of Environment Sri Lanka, 2012). Extent of occurrence estimated at about 10 000 km2 (Bahir and Silva, 2005). Common and occurs at >30 sites (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005).

Clutches of 4-5 eggs (Bahir and Silva, 2005).

Occurs in tropical moist lowland forest, scrublands, degraded forests, plantations, and rural gardens up to 1350 m above sea level (Bahir and Surasinghe, 2005).



-

Anguidae

Abronia campellii

(Campbell's alligator lizard) Endemic to one location in eastern Guatemala (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2013).

Categorised as Critically Endangered, with a decreasing population trend, by IUCN in 2013, with the following justification: “it has a very restricted distribution (about 18 km2), occurs at only one location, and is subject to a continuing decline in the extent and quality of the habitat due to cattle raising, and in the number of mature individuals due to the illegal pet trade.” (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2013). Population estimated at around 500 individuals (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2013).

Abronia species are viviparous, as an adaptation to their cool mountain habitat (CONABIO, 2014). They have low reproductive rates (CONABIO, 2014).

Collection for the pet trade reported as one of the main threats (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2013).

-

Abronia deppii Endemic to a relatively small area in central Mexico (CONABIO, 2014).

Categorised as Endangered, with a decreasing population trend, by IUCN in 2007, with the following justification: “the extent of occurrence is probably less than 5,000km², populations are severely fragmented and there is a continuing decline in the area and quality of forest habitat (Flores-Villela & Santos-Barrera, 2007).

Considered “rare” and categorised as “threatened” nationally (CONABIO, 2014).

See Abronia campellii. Flores-Villela & Santos-Barrera (2007) noted that “animals might be collected for the pet trade, although the impact of this collection on wild populations is unclear.” The international pet trade was considered to be a threat by CONABIO (2014). CONABIO (2014) found specimens for sale online for €300-1000/individual.

Mexico submitted information document AC27 Inf. 16 providing an account of the conservation status, use, management and trade in Abronia species distributed in Mexico. As part of this document, Mexico invited comments that could be incorporated in a revised version for AC28 if needed.

6 Scientific name

(Common name)


Abronia fimbriata

(Fringed arboreal alligator lizard)

Endemic to central-eastern Guatemala (Acevedo et al., 2014).

Categorised as Endangered, with an unknown population trade, by IUCN in 2014, with the following justification: “it has a restricted extent of occurrence of around 1,500 km2, is present in fewer than 5 locations (counting each sierra's cloud forest as a single location with respect to the threat of habitat loss or degradation), and is subject to a continuing decline in the extent and quality of the habitat due to habitat loss and conversion.” (Acevedo et al., 2014).

See Abronia campellii. Reported to be in the illegal pet trade (Acevedo et al., 2014).

Reported to be found for sale online for €2800/pair (Altherr, 2014).

-

Abronia gaiophantasma

(Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard)

Endemic to central-eastern Guatemala (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2014).

Categorised as Endangered, with an unknown population trade, by IUCN in 2014, with the following justification: “it has a restricted distribution (approximately 750 km2), is present in fewer than 5 locations (with respect to threats to known occupied habitat patches), and is experiencing a continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat due to habitat loss and conversion.” (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2014).

See Abronia campellii. No data on trade as a threat were reported to be available for this species (Ariano-Sánchez et al., 2014).

-

Abronia lythrochila Endemic to relatively small areas in southern Mexico (CONABIO, 2014).

Categorised as Least Concern, with a stable population trend, by IUCN in 2007, with the following justification: “it is common within its restricted distribution, it is presumed to have a large population, it appears to be adaptable to some habitat modification, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category” (Campbell & Muñoz-Alonso 2007).

Considered common and stable within its restricted distribution, but categorised nationally as “Threatened” (CONABIO, 2014).

See Abronia campellii. CONABIO (2014) found specimens for sale online for €450-1100/individual. Trade not reported as a threat.

See Abronia deppii.

Abronia martindelcampoi Endemic to a relatively small area in south-western Mexico (CONABIO, 2014).

Categorised as Endangered, with a decreasing population trend, by IUCN in 2007, with the following justification: “its extent of occurrence is less than 5,000 km², all individuals are in fewer than five locations, and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat.” (Canseco-Márquez et al., 2007).

Considered moderately abundant (Canseco-Márquez et al., 2007; CONABIO, 2014).

See Abronia campellii. The pet trade was considered to be a threat (CONABIO, 2014). CONABIO (2014) found specimens for sale online for €500-1200/individual. Trade not reported as a threat.

See Abronia deppii.

7 Scientific name

(Common name)


Abronia taeniata

(Bromeliad arboreal alligator lizard)

Endemic to relatively small areas in central/eastern Mexico (CONABIO, 2014).

Categorised as Vulnerable, with a decreasing population trend, by IUCN in 2007, with the following justification: “its extent of occurrence is less than 20,000 km², its distribution is severely fragmented, and there is continuing decline in the extent and quality of its primary forest habitat.” (Canseco-Márquez & Mendoza-Quijano, 2007).

Reported to be a common species (Canseco-Márquez & Mendoza-Quijano, 2007; CONABIO, 2014). Categorised as “Under Special Protection” nationally (CONABIO, 2014).

See Abronia campellii. The international pet trade considered to be a threat (CONABIO, 2014). Illegal collection for this trade was reported by Canseco-Márquez & Mendoza-Quijano (2007) and CONABIO (2014) found specimens for sale online for €600-800/individual.

See Abronia deppii.

Diplodactylidae

Dactylochnemis pacificus

(Te Paki gecko) New Zealand

(North Island and offshore islands (Hitchmough, 1997)).


Classified as ‘Relict’ in a national conservation assessment on the basis of documented decline over the last 1000 years and now occupying less than 10% of its former range (Hitchmough et al., 2013). Population noted to be greater than 20 000 and stable or increasing at greater than 10% (Hitchmough et al., 2013). Population noted to have partial declines in and to be partly conservation dependant (Hitchmough et al., 2013).

Viviparous, annual reproductive cycle, usually twins produced (Hitchmough, 1997). Longevity in captivity reported to be 3-4 years (Bowler, 1977 in Bell, 2010) and estimated age to maturity reported to be 3-4 years (Bell, 2010).

Illegal trade considered to be a threat to New Zealand geckos (Prop. 12.33).

Offered for €1700/ specimen (Altherr, 2014).

Listed in CITES Appendix III/EU Annex C as Hoplodactylus pacificus (at the genus level). See also notes for Mokpirirakau granulatus and Woodworthia brunneus.

Mokopirirakau granulatus

(Forest gecko) New Zealand (northern half of the North Island, some offshore islands and Marlborough, Nelson, Westland in the South Island) (Nielsen et al., 2011).


Classified as ‘At Risk’ in a national conservation assessment, as area of occupancy less than 100 km2 and population considered to be declining and to be “data poor” (Hitchmough et al., 2013). Previously considered abundant in forest and shrubland throughout its range (Hitchmough, 1997).

Viviparous, annual reproduction of one or two young is typical for the genus (Hitchmough, 1997). Arboreal in a variety of forest and scrub (Bell, 2010). Longevity in captivity reported to be 8-9 years (Rowlands, 1981 in Bell, 2010).


Offered for €5300/pair (Altherr, 2014).

Listed in CITES Appendix III/EU Annex C as Hoplodactylus granulatus (at the genus level). Generic change proposed by Nielsen et al. (2011) as outlined in AC27 Doc. 25.1. The AC recommended adoption of Nielsen et al. (2011) as standard reference for New Zealand gecko genera Naultinus and Hoplodactylus.

8 Scientific name

(Common name)


Woodworthia brunneus

(Canterbury gecko) New Zealand

(south Marlborough, Canterbury Plains) (Hitchmough, 1997).


Classified as ‘At Risk’ in a national conservation assessment, because of declining population, but population estimated at >100 000 with a 10-70% predicted decline (Hitchmough et al., 2013). Much reduced distribution in Canterbury Plains and patchy occurrence elsewhere (Hitchmough, 1997).

Viviparous with litters of one or two young, gestation lasts four months (Hitchmough, 1997) or up to 14 months in cold habitats/uplands (Cree, 1994). Maximum recorded life expectancy was 42 years a on predator free island (Bannock et al., 1999).


“Intensive collection for the pet shop trade” from near Christchurch reported (Hitchmough, 1997).

Slow maturation and low fecundity suggest low potential for recover from impacts of mammalian predators (Bannock et al., 1999).


Listed in CITES Appendix III/EU Annex C as Hoplodactylus pacificus (at the genus level). See also note above. Taxon underwent a species split as well as a generic change.

Woodworthia maculata

(New Zealand common gecko)

New Zealand

(south and east of the North Island and northwest of the South Island (Nielsen et al., 2011)).


Classified as ‘Not Threatened’ in a national conservation assessment, with a large, stable population (Hitchmough et al., 2013). Considered abundant in the southern North Island and on many offshore islands in the 1990s (Hitchmough, 1997), but population later considered declining and some reported to be conservation dependant (Hitchmough et al., 2013).

Longevity estimated at over 20 years (Anastasiadis and Whitaker, 1987). Captive specimens reported to live 8-9 years (Rowlands, 1981, in Bell, 2010). Reaches maturity in four years (Whitaker, 1982 in Bell, 2010).



Listed in CITES Appendix III/EU Annex C as Hoplodactylus maculatus (at the genus level). See also note for Mokopirirakau granulatus.

Gekkonidae

Cnemaspis psychedelica

(Psychedelic rock gecko) Viet Nam (Hon Khoai Island) (Grismer et al., 2014).


Endemic to Hon Khoai Island off south coast of Viet Nam, about 8 km2 (Grismer et al., 2014).

Gravid females of with two eggs and clusters of eggs in rock cracks reported (Grismer et al., 2014).

Public access to island where it occurs is restricted (Altherr, 2014), but Grismer et al., (2014) reported poaching and sale of illegally collected specimens.

Offered for €2500-3000/pair (Altherr, 2014).

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9 Scientific name

(Common name)


Goniurosaurus kuroiwae

(Okinawan ground gecko) Japan

(Ryuku Islands)

(Ota, 2010).

Categorised as Endangered by the IUCN in 2009 (Ota, 2010).

Five extant subspecies recognised; one subspecies, G. k. toyami, considered

‘Critically Endangered’, three subspecies ‘Endangered’ and one ‘Vulnerable’

on national red list (Ota, 2000). One extinct subspecies recently described (Nakamura et al., 2014). Restricted distribution with extent of occurrence of approximately 1600km2 (Ota, 2010). Population trend unknown and no population information available (Ota, 2010).

Clutches of 1-2 eggs, with 1-3 clutches per breeding season (Ota, 2010).

Illegal collection for pet trade reported (Ota, 2010).

Offered for €120/individual (Altherr, 2014).

Lygodactylus williamsi

(Turquoise gecko) Tanzania

(four forest areas in east Tanzania (Flecks et al., 2012a)).

Categorised as Critically Endangered by IUCN in 2012 (Flecks et al., 2012b).

Only known from area of approximately 20 km2 and area of occupancy of 8 km2,

decreasing population trend, estimated to have declined by one third between 2004 and 2012 (Flecks et al., 2012b). Main population at Kimboza Forest was estimated to be 150 000 adults in 2009 (Flecks et al., 2012a).

Presumed continuous reproduction throughout the year and relatively high reproductive output (Flecks et al., 2012a).

Collection for the international pet trade was reported to be a major threat to the population (Flecks et al., 2012a). At least 15% of the population was reported to have been collected over a 4.5-year period during 2004-2009 (Flecks et al., 2012a).

Listed on Annex B of EU WTR on 20/12/2014.

Saltuarius spp.

(Australian leaf-tailed gecko)

Genus formerly members of genus Phyllurus

Australia Seven Australian species (Uetz and Hošek, 2015).

S. cornutus was assessed as Least Concern by IUCN in 2010 and thought to be common within range but with unknown population trend (Cogger, 2010); the remaining species have not been assessed by the IUCN.

1. S. cornutus: wet tropics of northeast Queensland (Hoskin and Couper, 2013).

2. S. eximius: only known from Cape Melville National Park (Hoskin and Couper, 2013).

3. S. kateae: known from two sites in north New South Wales (Couper et al., 2008).

4. S. moritzi: North New South Wales (Couper et al., 2008).

5. S. swaini: known from north New South Wales and south Queensland (Couper et al., 2008).

6. S. wyberba (see below).

7. S. salebrosus (see below).

No information found on longevity.

Oviparous, with clutch size of two (AROD, 2015).

Leaf-tailed geckos in this (and two other genera) are localized to isolated rainforest or rocky regions but collectively occur through much of the coastal ranges of eastern Australia (Hoskin and Couper, 2013).


See also Saltuarius species below.

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10 Scientific name

(Common name)


Saltuarius salebrosus

(Rough-throated leaf-tail gecko)

Australia Not assessed by IUCN.

Known from rainforests and rocky habitats of east Queensland (Hoskin and Couper, 2013).

Rare throughout its range (Bauer, 1990).

No information found on longevity.

Oviparous with clutch size of two (AROD, 2015).


Offered for €350-500/specimen (€1000 /adult female) (Altherr, 2014).

Saltuarius wyberba

(Wyberba leaf-tailed gecko) Australia Not assessed by IUCN.

Described from southeastern Queensland (Couper et al., 1997). Occurs in northern New South Wales (Couper et al., 2008). Populations situated within national parks and nature reserves and state forests with restricted access (Couper et al., 2008).

No information found on longevity. Oviparous with clutch size of two (AROD, 2015).


Offered for €350-500/specimen (€1000 /adult female) (Altherr, 2014).

Iguanidae

Ctenosaura pectinata

(Mexican spiny-tailed iguana)

Mexico; introduced in Florida and Texas (Lever, 2003).


Considered to be ‘Threatened’ nationally (Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, 2010). The identity of specimens from Guatemala referred to under this name needs to be verified (Buckley et al., 2011). Population densities in Oaxaca estimated to be 21-102 specimens/km2 (Zurita-Carmona et al., 2009).

Annual reproductive cycle, with an average clutch size of 31 eggs (Castro-Franco et al., 2011). Longevity of up to 12 years reported (Aguirre-Hidalgo, 2008).

Commercial exports prohibited (Altherr, 2014); hunted for food in some regions (Aguirre-Hidalgo, 2008).


Lanthanotidae

Lanthanotus borneensis

(Earless monitor lizard) Endemic to Borneo, where it occurs in Indonesia (West- (Yaap et al., 2012) and East Kalimantan Province (Nijman and Stoner, 2014)) and in Malaysia (Sarawak Province) (Yaap et al., 2012).


Poorly known due to cryptic and nocturnal habits (Pianka et al., 2004); considered rare (Nijman and Stoner, 2014), but widely known by the local resident population (Yaap et al., 2012).

Previously known only from one area and very few specimens (Yaap et al., 2012). Biology is little known, it occupies moist habitats and is probably semi-aquatic and partly subterranean (Pianka and Vitt, 2003). Recently reported claims of first captive breeding (Nijman and Stoner, 2014). Clutches of 2-5 eggs (Das, 2010).

Reported to be occasionally offered on internet, with interest growing; high uniqueness and rarity value (Nijman and Stoner, 2014). Offered for €8000-10000/pair (Altherr, 2014).

CoP1 proposal for inclusion in Appendix I withdrawn by UK.

Only monitor lizard not covered by CITES. TRAFFIC published a report (see Nijman and Stoner, 2014) requesting ML and ID to list it on Appendix I (and Appendix III in the interim).

11 Scientific name

(Common name)


Scincidae

Tiliqua gigas

(Giant bluetongue skink) Indonesia,

Papua New Guinea (Noel, 2014).


Three subspecies identified from New Guinea and adjacent islands (Noel, 2014). Inhabits remote areas; population status not well known (Noel, 2014), but in the 1980s reported to be widespread in lowland areas all over mainland New Guinea and some surrounding islands (Mys, 1988), in the 1990s described as “uncommon” (Shea, 1990 in Austin et al., 2008).

Viviparous, with 5-25 neonates (O’Shea and Halliday, 2002).

Captive females of related species reported to reach maturity in 18-24 months, gestation lasts 3-4 months; 5-22 young per litter (Noel, 2014).

Indonesian 2014 MEP figures include a production figure of 1730 animals from five facilities.


Listed on EU Annex D in 1997 but removed from the Annexes in 2005.

Tiliqua rugosa

(Shingleback lizard)

Australia Not assessed by IUCN.

Widely distributed in southern half of Australia (Hancock and Thompson, 1997). Common in South Australia (Lancaster et al., 2012). Abundant in southern Western Australia (Wilson, 2006).

1-3 live young per female per year, reaches maturity in third year (Bull, 1987). Reported population densities of 2-3 per hectare (Bull, 1987) and 0.3 to 5.5 per hectare on transects reported by Bull (1995). Low recruitment levels; to sustain populations, adults must live over 20 years (Bull, 1995). Longevity estimated at 20-50 years (Bull, 1995).

Attempted smuggling reported (Alacs and Georges 2008).

Viperidae

Atheris desaixi

(Mt Kenya bush viper) Endemic to Kenya (Spawls et al., 2002).


Endemic species to forest patches around Mt. Kenya, where two isolated populations were known (Ashe, 1968), with possible further populations reported (Spawls et al., 2002). Habitat reported to be under threat (Spawls et al., 2002).

No information available on population sizes, but decreasing trend inferred (CITES CoP13 Prop 30).

Female reported to have given birth to 13 young (Spawls et al., 2002). Reported to have been bred in captivity (Meidinger, 1998).

Illegal trade in the species reported, with capture of specimens for trade cited as a primary threat (CITES CoP13 Prop 30).

A CoP13 proposal by Kenya to list the species in Appendix II (CoP13 Prop. 30) was withdrawn.

12 Scientific name

(Common name)


Atheris mathildae

(Matilda's horned viper) Endemic to a restricted area in Tanzania (Wallach et al., 2014).


Described in 2011 from forest in Southern Highlands of Tanzania and likely to have a small extent of occurrence and small area of occupancy (Menegon et al., 2011).

Menegon et al. (2011) proposed categorising the species as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN guidelines on the basis of its small extent of occurrence.

No published information on life history but establishment of a breeding programme in Tanzania reported by Menegon et al. (2011).

Collection from the wild considered a potential threat to this species (Menegon et al., 2011).

Bitis arietans

(African puff adder) Morocco,

Mauritania, Western Sahara, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Algeria, Mali, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina-Faso, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ehtiopia, Somalia, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland, Lesotho, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen (Wallach et al., 2014).


Common in open country in east Africa (Spawls et al., 2002). Cited as very common (Breen, 1974) and reported in medical literature as public health issue because of numerous incidents of injuries to humans (Habib, 2013).

Viviparous, number of young dependent on size and altitude, reported litter sizes from 11 for a small individual to 156 for a captive female (Spawls et al., 2002). Litters are of 20-40 reported to be born in late summer (Alexander and Marais, 2007).

Common in survey of market in Togo (Segniagbeto et al., 2013).

Proposed for inclusion in Appendix II by the UK (CoP1 Prop. 532)

Bitis worthingtoni

(Kenyan horn viper) Endemic to the central rift valley in (Spawls et al., 2002).


Restricted distribution on the slopes of central Rift Valley (Spawls et al., 2002), but no population estimates are available (CoP13 Prop. 31).

Viviparous, 7-12 young (Spawls et al., 2002).

Trade was considered to be a primary threat to the species and illegal trade from Kenya was reported (CoP13 Prop. 31).

CoP13 Prop. 31 by Kenya was withdrawn.

13 Scientific name

(Common name)


Chelidae

Elseya novaeguineae

(New Guinea snapping turtle)

Indonesia, Papua New Guinea; introduced into Palau (Van Dijk et al., 2014).

Categorised as Lower Risk/least Concern by IUCN in 2000, based on 1994 categories/criteria (Asian Turtle Trade Working Group, 2000).

Assessed as ‘Least Concern’ by the IUCN Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group in 2011 (Van Dijk et al., 2014). Widely distributed in Papua New Guinea (Bonin et al., 2006).

Clutches of 6 eggs (Bonin et al., 2006).

Harvested for pet trade under synonym E. schultzi (Lyons et al., 2013). Regularly caught for food (Bonin et al., 2006) and smuggled for the pet trade (Moll and Moll, 2004).

Indonesian 2014 MEP figures include production figure of 2096 animals from three facilities.

Damaged individual offered for €75 (Altherr, 2014).

Assessed as potential candidate for listing for CoP12 at AC19, but although it was believed that “all the remaining non-CITES listed species of Asian turtles should be listed under the Appendices of CITES”, as it was not considered at risk, it was one of the species that was not put forward in the interest of time (AC19 Doc15.1).

Actinopterygii

Apogonidae

Pterapogon kauderni

(Banggai cardinal fish)

Indonesia

(Banggai archipelago of east Sulawesi and some introduced populations (Allen and Donaldson, 2007).

Categorised as Endangered by the IUCN in 2007 (Allen and Donaldson, 2007).

Small area of occupancy and decreasing population trend (Allen and Donaldson, 2007). High offtake reported for export (Yahya et al., 2012) and increasing threats to habitat including harvest of species which provide important microhabitat for recruits (Moore et al., 2012).

Maturity at one year, low fecundity, low dispersal ability and distributed in isolated subpopulations over 74 sites around 30 islands (Allen and Donaldson, 2007).

High levels of trade reported but legal fishing industry reported to be contributing to improved conservation of shallow water ecosystems of Banggai Archipelago (Moore et al., 2012).

Proposal for App II listing at CoP 14 withdrawn by USA (CoP14 Prop.19).

Listed on EU Annex D since 11/4/2008.

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