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Preliminary results of
baseline study and
profile of smallholders
farmers in Cocoa and
oil-palm farming
systems in Ghana
Martha Ataa Asantewaa
Outline of presentation
Introduction
Objectives
Methods
Preliminary Results
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
Smallholder cocoa and oil-palm farmers
Who are they and how do we identify them ? Who are they and how do we identify them ?
Multiple
production
constraints
What about diversity, are they all the same?
Literature Definitions
Categorization
oProduction objectives
oMarket orientation
oIncome source
oLand holdings
oCapital intensity
oLabour
oProduction objectives
oMarket orientation
oIncome source
oLand holdings
oCapital intensity
oLabour
OBJECTIVES OF THE BASELINE OBJECTIVES OF THE BASELINE
1. Snapshot of cocoa and oil-palm farmers
2. Starting point for complex analysis of different
livelihood trajectories
STUDY AREAS STUDY AREAS
Site- Eastern Region
3 regions,`18 communities
Period-February, 2015
Sampling tech.- Purposeful
sampling
Sample size-148 farmers
cocoa and oil-palm farmers
PRELIMINARY RESULTS PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Farmer’s characteristics
Age of household head
100.0
95.0
90.0
85.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
65.0
60.0
55.0
50.0
45.0
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
Age of household head
Fre
qu
en
cy
40
30
20
10
0
Std. Dev = 12.29
Mean = 52.3
N = 148.00
Age of farmers
Aging farmers
Youth under-represented??
What is youth?
Total number of farms own by household
14.012.010.08.06.04.02.0
Total number of farms own by household
Fre
qu
en
cy
80
60
40
20
0
Std. Dev = 2.36
Mean = 4.2
N = 148.00
Total agricultural lands including home gardens in hectares
47.5
45.0
42.5
40.0
37.5
35.0
32.5
30.0
27.5
25.0
22.5
20.0
17.5
15.0
12.5
10.0
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.0
Total agricultural lands including home gardens in hectares
Fre
qu
en
cy
50
40
30
20
10
0
Std. Dev = 6.34
Mean = 7.3
N = 148.00
Landholding size
Smallholder farmers >2ha
Medium-scale farmers
Large –scale farmers
Majority of farmers not smallholder!!!
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% o
f fa
rmers
em
plo
yed
Employment status , household
Employment status
HH head Spouse
Farmer’s employment status
full time farmers
Part time farmers
Part time/SMEs
Part time/trading
Note: 57 % of heads been to high
school.
Is farming a career?
Diverse and complex farming
sole cocoa /oil palm farmers
Multiple cash crop farmers
Diverse crops farmers
Commercial farmers
Non- commercial farmers
Is total subsistence farming fading out?
92%
1%
5%
1% 1%
Farmers source of income
Farming Remitance SMEs Trading Salary
Income and expenditure distribution of farmers
Farming dependent farmers
Multiple-income farmers
Is agriculture a profitable
career??
01020304050607080
% o
f in
com
e
Types of spending
Household expenditure
Diverse aspirations
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Education Farming Family
upkeep
Farmily
projects
Debts Funerals
% o
f in
com
e
Types of spending
Household expenditure
Ambitious farmers
Non-ambitious farmers
Exiting farmers
Permanent farmers
Limited reinvestment in farming?
Yes 99%
NO 1%
Need to improve production
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Govnt support NGO support
Nu
mb
er
of
farm
ers
Institutional support for farmers
Yes
No
Institutional support and farmer organizations
Note: only 1 farmer received support on animal husbandry
Supported farmers
Non-supported farmers
Cooperative farmers
Non cooperative farmers
Wide coverage of government support
Limited NGO support to farmers
Limited farmer cooperation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Farmer orgainzation study group
% o
f fa
rmers
Types of group
Yes
NO
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
Several farmers characteristics
• Part time farmers
• Multiple cash crop farmers
• Diverse crops farmers
• Commercial farmers
Farmers overlap within these characteristics
Further analysis and clustering into farmer profiles
Thank YOU