,

Final report BAR C Contract rosearch Scheme

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, PRELIMINARY STUDY a\I CULTURE OF

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ARTEMIA IN THE COASTAL SALTPANS OF BANGLADESH

Nuruddin Mahmood Associate Professor

INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCES University of Chlttagong Chlttagong

January, 1990

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LIST OF CONTENTS

A. PROJECT DIGEST 1 B. TECHNICAL REPORT 2

1. Abstract 2 2. Introduction 2 3. Materials and methods 4 4. Results 4 5. Discussion 4 S. Acknowledgements 5 7. References 5

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1. Title

2. Prj~cipal Investigator 3. Implimenting Institute

4. Project location 5. Project period 6. Total budget 7. Fund reeieved 8. Expenditure made

PROJECT DIGEST

Preliminary study on growth of Artemia in the coastal saltpans of Bangladesh Nuruddin Mahmood

Institute of Marine Sciences. University of Chinagong, Bangladesh. Chanua, Banskhal i. chittagong. January, 1988 to Oecember,1989 Taka 562,068 Taka 529,221 .50 Taka 529,223.20

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PRELIMINARY STUDY ON CULTURE OF ARTEMIA IN THE COASTAL SALTPANS OF BANGLADESH

ABSTRACT

In view of its importance to rapidly growing coastal aquaculture Industry and in the face of pressing need to establish shrimp hatcheries in Bang ladesh two attempts were made to introduce production of Artemia cysts in the coastal saltpans. The lasl experiment gave success for the firsl time in this country to produce Artemia cysts in the coastal saltpans as a bye product of sail extraction. Field experiment was done between December 1988 and March 1989 on a small plot of land ( 1 OOOm 2 ) at Chanua. Banskhali, Chittagong. A total of 517 g( dry weight) of cyst and 2.6 Ions of salt have been produced. The whole experiment has been described as under.

INTRODUCTION

Artemia is an Anostracan phyllopod Crustacean of about 12 mm in length. It is found in brackish to high saline water. The most interesting features of this animal in respect of aquaculture is that it serves as an important food for early stages of shrimp and other organisms in aquaria and small ponds having no natural foods. Being live food, the larvae of Artemia are readily taken by aquatic animals under nursery conditions without fouling the aquarium waler. As such the brine shrimp, Artemia is widely used by aquaculturist as an excellent live food for crustacean and fish. It constitues the principal ration and frequently the only food for the larvae and juveniles of many cultured species, such as freshwater prawns {Macrobrachjum sp.}, shrimps

(penaeids), lobsters (Homarus sp.), crabs and various finfish (8ardach .e.1 al.. 1972; 150rgel001 1976; Rosemark 1978). In extreme salinity conditions in earthen saltpans constructed aU over the world in the tropical and sub- tropical belt for solar salt extraction only few plant and animal species can live. the most popular organism being the Artemia (Persoone and 50rg8100$, 1980).

In Brazil a great potential for commercial scale integrated production of salt + Arta m ia + shrimp production in saltpans has been demonstrated (80rgeI005, 1983). Now it has been proved that salt extraction and Artemia production go hand in hand. In many thousands of heclres of salinas in the tropical and sub-tropical belt, in fact often in climates thai favour farming of crustacean and fish, this new type of vertically integrated aquaculture has most interesting prospects . Furthermore, in many developing countries, it can lead to extra income for famity size salt operations that often run at limits of profitability (8ah avachasln , 1981).

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The above discussions make it clear that there is a great possibility of Artemja culture as a bye product of salt production in the coastal saltpans of Bangladesh. Favourable environmental conditions do occur at least during the pre and post-monsoon seasons (middle of October through middle of April) in the coastal salinas of Banskhali, Chakaria, Cox's Bazar, Kulubdia, Mathemari and Moheskhali islands,

This is a very important and most timely needed aspect of resarch in respect of establishment of prawn (Maccobrachjum rosenbergiD and shrimp (penaeus manadon) hatcheries. Government has already set up a prawn hatchery at Cox's Bazar, which has already started trial production, also private hatcheries are coming up soon. Recent declaration of Fisheries Ministry says that Government will help develop thirty hatcheries in the private sector. As such the urgent need for Artemja to be utilized in this new prospective aquaculture industry can be felt .

Currently. main brine shrimp exporting countries are U. S. A, Brazil, Canada. China, Australia and some European countries. Because of transportation cost, balance of payment and great demand, they command a very high price of $ 40-901 Kg (U.S). With increasing number of shrimp and other aquaculture oriented industies round the world demand of Artemja is rising. Thus, local production of Artemja will be very lucrative especially in view of costly importation .

Successful attempts have already been made to produce cysts in countries having no natural population of Artemia such as Thailand. India and the Phi lippines (Vas and Tansuatapanlt, 1979; de los Santos1tlal. 1980) by inoculation in existing or renovated evaporation ponds of salt farms.

Periodic and cyclic culture of Artemja in the normally "empty" evaporation compartments of these areas will tend to enhance utilization of the available environmental space and provide additional source of income for the sail pond opelators (Jumalon.eta! 1983). It may be an attraclive and added aspect of income to our saltpan owners who are desirous to convert their land entirely for shrimp culture without considering to extract salt during dry season (post and pre-monsoon).

Although successful Artemia inoculations have been reported in different countries of south-east Asia no such attempt has yet been made for producing Artemja cyst in our poastal saltpans except the present endeavour. Earlier two laboratory scale rearing experiments were done by Karim (1973). myself and my co-worker (Mahmood and Begum 1978). The main objective of this venture is to find ways and means to introduce cyst production of Artemia in our coastal saltpans aUeast for local use, to utilize the existing salinas to the fullest in order to upgrade the standard of living of our coastal salt farmers; and to gain experience in culture of Artemia outside our laboratories.

MATERIALS AND METHODS With a view to earlier attempt (Mahmood~ 1988), and failure to produce Artemia

cyst because of rainfall in April 'S8, the whole experiment was scheduled to be completed within the dry period at the year (November-March). Field preparation was started in December 1988, on a small plot of land (1000m2) owned by a private salt production farm at Chanua, 8anskhali (Fig. 1); where a reservoir, two Artemia production ponds (45m2 each) and a series of evaporation compartments were constructed (Fig. 2). On January 1, seawater of 28%0 was pumped in the reservoir, gradually passed through the evaporation compartments to Artemia production ponds (APP) where salinity concentration of about 55%0 was attained on 8th January . This water was fertilized by adding Urea and dry chicken manure at the rate of 180g and 3.6kg respectively in each pond at start, followed by weekly replenishment at the rate of 45g and 900g respectively .

30g of Artemia cysts were put in a container and 3 lUres of seawater (35%0 ) :-vere added with provision of continuous aeration. After 60 hours of incubation nauplii were inoculated to the Artemia production ponds (Fig. 2). Environmental paramelers such as water temperature. dissolved oxygen, salinity I pH and water turbidity were recorded at frequent intervals following slandard procedures. Simultaneously population density of Artemia (Individuals/l) and cysts were collected. From time to time. concentrated brine from the Artemia production pond were drained to the salt crystallisation pond to produce sail.

RESULT Average data of the two ponds on environmental parameters, population density of

Artemia and cyst harvest records have been shown in Table 1 and 2. Salinity gradually increased to as high as 120%0 . A continued and steady increase in

- population density of Artemia is also apparent from the Data, highest density (257 individuals/I) was recorded on March 18. cysts were found to accumulate on Ihe cyst barrier on 27th of January, 1989. collecleion was started on 30th January and continued till March 28. A tolal of 517g (dry weight) of cysls were harvested (Table 2), and in addition 2600 kgs of salt were extracted during the whole course of this experiment .

DISCUSSION

The two experiments conducted to in troduce production of Artem ia cyst in the coastal sallpans of Bangladesh suggest that the dry period between winter and spring, 1. e., from November through March is suitable for culture of Artemia. Favourable climatic conditions such as absence of r3infall and presence of high salinity in

seawater are useful to create an environment for culture of Artemia and production of cysts in the coastal saltpans. In our earlier experiment (Mahmood, 1988) lowering of salinity in the sallpans following rainfa ll in April, 1988 placed a strong and unmanageable limitat ion in the way of production of Artem ia cyst. Since more and more rainfall caused continued lowering of sa linity (Fig. 3), the field experiment had to be suspended. Following this path finding failure, the edxperiment was rescheduled and designed to slart our activities in the beginning of the next winter season. and thus the desired success was attained to produce and harvest Artemia cyst.

Although some preliminary success have been attained, a lot more remains to be done on performances of different geographical stains of Artemia in our cl imate and soil, nutritional value of local cysts. cyst collection and preservation; and transfer of technology to the farmer level.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Or. A. K. M. Nu ruzzaman, Member-Director (Fisheries) of the

BARC, who not only to got this research scheme sanctioned but also was confident in our way of approach in this research work. Two other scientists of the same division Or. S. K. Paul and Mr. Khabir were very keen to see our Performances in the field. theIr appreciation was a source of encouragement to us. Without the devoted

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assistance of MIS M. A. Chowdhury and Manirul Alam, Scientific Officers and Mr. M. A. Sattar, Field Assistant it would be impossible to execute this research work. Valuable help and co-operation extended to me from beginning to end of th is work by my esteemed colleagues MIS N.G. Das, Director, and Md. Zalar. Lecturer. IMS, University 01 Chittagong is duety acknowledged. Last but not the least the untiring help of my studentsM/S Sayedur Rahman Chowdhury, Md. Alzal Khan and Nurul Akter in designing the cover and printing this final report is gratefully acknowledged.

REFERENCES

Bardach. J.E .. J.H. Ryther and W.C. Mclarney 1972 Aquacultue. John Wiley. N. Y. 868 PP. de los Santos. C .. Jr.; P. Sor99100s; E. Lavina: A. Bernardino 1980 Successful Inoculati o n

of Art e m I p and production of cysts In man-made salterns In the Philippines: 159 163.

Jumalon. N.A .. D.G. Esteror. A. A. Bombeo and A. M. Dadole 1983 Stud I .. on ArJemla production In earthen ponds In the Philippine First International Biennial Conference on Warm Water Aquaculture: Crustacea, Brigham Young University. Hawaii Campus, Lale, Hawaii. In proceedings : 202 205.

Karim, M. 1974 Survival of brln. shrimp, Art.ml. n.uplll und.r controll.d condition of temperature and salinity ; Bangladesh J. Zool.. 2 (1).

Mahmood. N . 1988 Pr.llmlnary atudy on growth of Art.ml. In the coast. I a.llp.ns of aangladesh , Annual progress Report, IMS., University of Chittagong, Bang ladesh. 12 pp.

Mahmood. N. and B. Begum 1978 On hatching of Arteml. nauplll und.r different conditions 01 temperature and salinity . Chittagong University studies. PI. 11 Vol. 2. 103 . 106.

Persoona. G. ; P . Sorgeloos 1980 General aspecls of the ecology and blog.ography of Arteml, : 3 24. In : The brine shrimp Artemia. Vol. 3 Ecology. Eds. Personne. G. ; P. So(geloos: O. Roels ; E. Jaspers. University Press. Waltern (Belgium) , 456 pp.

RosQmark, R. 1078 Growth of Homarul amerlClDu, on Art.ml. 1.lIn. dl.t. with and without supplementation. Proc. Annu. Meal. World Maric. Soc. 9 : 251 257.

Sahavachasin. S. 1981 Ways to convert salt farm to Artoml. f.rm. Thai Fisheries Gazette. 34 (5) ; 467 480.

Sorgeloos. P. 1976 Art.mla salina 88 live tood In aquaculture. In E. Jaspers (ED), European Mariclture Society Special Publication No. 2, pp. 37 46 .

Sorgeloos, P. 1983 Llv. animal food for larval rearing in .quaculture : the brine shrimp. Art.mla, In : Realism in Aquaculture : Achievements , constraints, perspeclives (Eds. M. 8ilio. H. Rosenlhal and C. J. Sinderman), European Mariculture Society special publ ication . 300 pp.

Vos. J. and Tansutapan it. 1979 Detailed R.port on Artemla cyst inoculation In a.ngp.kong, Ch.che.ngasao Province. FAO/UNOP Field Document (THA/ 75 /008) .

Table 1. Environmental parameters in the experimental Arlemia cyst production ponds during pre monsoon dry season of 1989

Date Salinity Water temperature. (Oc ) Dissolved 02, (mill) pH Water depth (%0) 6 A.M. 12 A.M. Mean 6A. M. 12A. M. 6P.M. Mean (em)

Jan. 16 60 12 22 17 4 8 7.5 6.5 7.9 22 .. 21 87 11 23 17 3.9 7.5 6.6 6 25

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" 23 90 13 22 17.5 4. 1 8.8 6.9 6.6 - -

" 24 81 14 23 18.5 4.8 7 5.9 5.9 7.8 -

" 27 85 14 23 18.5 2 4.4 3.9 3.4 25 -

" 30 30 13 24 18.5 2.9 4.7 3'9 3'8 28 -

Feb. 2 94 14 28 21 3'1 5'5 5 4'5 7'8 -

" 7 97 16 29 22'5 2'9 4'1 5'4 4 '1 - -

" 10 98 17 30 23'5 3 5 4'7 4'2 30 -

" 13 , "-'"' 1 8 28 23 2'3 4'7 4'3 3'8 7'7 28 " 20 110 22 26 24 2'1 5'3 4'2 3'9 27

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", 28 120 1 9 31 25 1'4 3'5 4'2 3 -

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Mar. 2 120 20 32 26 2'9 4'6 3'9 3'8 7'9 " 6 110 21 33 27 1 '1 4'1 4'5 3'2

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2s " 10 110 20 30 25 3 4'8 4 3'9 25

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" 14 116 21 30 25'5 3'3 5'1 4'2 4'2 7'8 2 " 18 120 19 30 24'S 2'5 5'6 4'1 4 '1

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" 22 120 22 34 28 3 5'5 4'3 4'3 - -

" 28 118 21 34 27'5 3'7 5'7 4'2 4'5 7'6 2 -- - --- -- - - - --

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Table 2. Artemia density and cyst harvest record of the experimental ponds during premonsoon dry season of 1989.

Date Population density Cyst harvest

indills.ll cyst wI. (Q) Dry wI. (0) January 16 Nauplii Released

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" 21 25 - -

" 23 -

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" 24 70 - -

" 27 i - - -

" 30 160 43 20 February 2 26 .

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" 7 210 60 .~ 30 " 10 I 79 37

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" 13 I 72 35 -

" 20 227 80 39 " 28 I 80 40

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March 2 240 77 38 ,

" 6 83 42 , -

" 10 81 39 -

" 14 83 40 , -

" 18 257 87 44 " 22 101 48

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" 28 250 83 39

Total . 1009 9 517 9

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CHANUA

Fig.1 showing geographical location of our experimental Artem ia cyst production ponds in a coastal sallpan of Chanua, Banskhali, Chittagong.

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PHOTOGRAPHS Top lett

Top right

Bottom left Boltom right

Showing a dense population of adult Artemia in our experimental ,saltpan at Chanua, Banskhali. Arlemja Cysts aggregate at the corner of the cyst barrier placed at the dyke of the pond. Cysts are being skimmed up. ttl-Two BARC scientists and a research fellow poise to show/collected cysts on a strainer.

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