Upload
celestina-tan
View
26
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Basic description
Citation preview
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
Stages of Prenatal Growth
Germinal Period (Conception - 2 weeks)
Embryonic Period (3 – 8 weeks)
Fetal Period
Early (3 to 6 months)
Later (7-9 months)
GERMINALPERIOD
Germinal Period (conception- 2 weeks)
Oocyte (female germ cell) released from ovary and travels to uterine tube.
Sperm fertilizes oocyte in uterine tube.
Zygote travels up uterine tube, dividing continuously, creating groups of cells.
EMBRYONIC PERIOD
Embryonic Period (3-8weeks) Embryo forms different layers of cells
Development of other pre-natal essentials
• Placenta:Where blood vessels of mother and child intertwine • Umbilical cord: Connects embryo to placenta • Amnion: Clear fluid sack that protects embryo
Embryonic Period (3-8weeks)
Growth: 6mm long at 4 weeks,
4cm in size at 8 weeks
High risk of congenital malformation
Early Fetal Stage
Early Fetal Stage
started from 3rd – 6th month / week 13 – week 29
3
5
4
6
3
5
4
6
Early Fetal Stage
first reflex action begins (“quickening”)
formation of fingerprints
skeleton starts to harden (rubber cartilage > bone)
eyebrows and eyelids are in place
fat is put on, wrinkled skin becomes smooth
structurally complete, systems need time to mature
growth: 3rd month – 3 inches, 25 grams 6th month – 14 inches, 2 pounds
Later Fetal Stage
Later Fetal Stage
started from 7th – 9th month / week 30 – week 41
7
9
8
7
9
8
Later Fetal Stage
can open and close eyelids, follow a light
lungs are well developed
brain becomes active
kicking and changing position frequently due to cramped quarters
growth: 7th month – 16 inches, 2.5 pounds9th month – 20 inches, 7 pounds (at birth)
Prenatal Factors and Implications
Age factorDiabetes
Drugs and x-raysDiet
Age factor Teen mothers (below 16) and mothers over
35 are more exposed to the risks of miscarriages, premature births, and birth defects.
The children who have down syndrome usually because the mother who was 35 years of age at time of delivery.
Premature babies from young mothers are more likely to have neurological defects that will influence their coping capabilities - irritability, trouble sleeping, crying, etc.
Diabetes Central Nervous System
Congenital Abnomalities ( heart & skeletal defects )
Musculoskeletal Deformities
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Traumatic Birth Injury ( Asphyxia, facial Nerve Injury, Brachial Plexus Injury and Cesarean Section
Drugs and x-rays Drugs caused diverse deformities (e.g.
malformed arms, outer ear, missing bone in hand).
In one study, children of women who smoked more than 16 cigarettes a day while pregnant had a mean IQ in the average range, but 8 points lower than those of unexposed children ( Fried, Watkinson, and Gray, 2003).
Diet An unborn baby depends on its mothers for
nourishment.
To ensure the health of the developing fetus, increased amounts of many nutrients are needed. ( Such as calcium, protein, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B complex, folic acid and etc.)
The lack of calcium can result in poor bone and teeth formation, and the lack of protein can lead to a smaller fetus and mental retardation.
Activities during prenatal
development
ACTIVITIES DURING
PRENATAL DEVELOMENT
EXERCISE (SWIMMING)
LISTENING TO MUSIC
YOGA & PILATES
READ TO YOUR BABY
BabyCenter LLC. (1997). What Your Baby Looks Like This Week. Retrieved from <http://www.babycenter.com/fetal-development-week-by-week>
Sherk, S. D. (n.d.). Prenatal Development. Retrieved from <http://www.healthofchildren.com/P/Prenatal-Development.html>
References