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Preparation ofFruit Flavors
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Abstract
The experiment was conducted to synthesize the Isoacetate
through the sher esterication mechanism isoamyl alcohol and acetic
anhydride. It was reuxe!" mins at a constant temperature of #"o$
and was
extracted to remove the unneeded a%ueous layer. Ththeoretical
yield that was calculated was &.'( grams)hile* the Actual yield
that was obtained was + to &grams. Around (' to #&, percent
yield was determ
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Introduction
-ne of the most important avor compounds used food industries is
Isoamyl Acetate because of its distbanana avor. Its avoring
compound called ester is umany foods and drins. Also* it is one of
the ma/or
components of fermented alcoholic beverages.
The extent of this experiment is till the percent yield o
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-b/ectives
0ynthesize isoamyl acetate
1earn the reux techni%ue
Perform li%uid2li%uid extraction
$alculate percent yield of a reaction
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3sters 2
3sters are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylcontains the
2$--4 group* and in an ester the hydroin this group is replaced by
a hydrocarbon group of ind. This could be an alyl group lie methyl
or eth
one containing a benzene ring lie phenyl. -rganic compound
formed in a reaction between an
and an alcohol with the elimination of water.
3sters can be formed from both organic and inorganacids and the
process of producing an ester is calledFischer 5eaction.
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Fischer reaction
)hen alcohols are combined with carboxylic acids inpresence of
an acid catalyst an esterication reactiooccurs to form esters and
water.
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Theoretical yield
6moles of the 1imiting reagent7 x 68olecular weighisoamyl
acetate7
1imiting reagent 9 &."ml x ".#"': x ; mol x ;mol of alcohol
x ;!
ml ##.:g ; mol of acetate mo
9 &.'( alcohol 1imiting reagent 9 &.:ml x ;."#:"' x ;
mol x ;mol of anhydride
ml ;":.;g ; mol of acetate
9 (.;(& acetic anhydride
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5eux
8ethod of heating li%uid so that escaping vapor iscondensed and
returned to li%uid.
)ith the use of the condenser any vapors given o< acooled bac
to li%uid* and fall bac into the reaction
vessel. The vessel is then heated vigorously for the cof the
reaction. The purpose is to thermally accelerareaction by
conducting it at an elevated temperature
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=oiling $hips
=oiling chips are small* insoluble* porous stones madcalcium
carbonate or silicon carbide. These stones hpores inside which
provide cavities both to trap air aprovide spaces where bubbles of
solvent vapor can f
These bubbles ensure even boiling and prevent bumand boiling
over and loss of the solution.
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>rying Agents
3xtraction with ?a$l was used to remove the buls water remaining
in the mixture.
The salt water wors to pull the water from the orgalayer to the
water layer. This is because the concent
salt solution wants to become more dilute and becausalts have a
stronger attraction to water than to orgsolvents.
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0odium =icarbonate
used as a wash to remove any acidic impurities fromcrude li%uid*
producing a purer sample.
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Anhydrous 0ulfate
is used to dry the mixture from the water.
