Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 15.06.20081 Landscape Architecture (EAPS4303) Lecturer 2 Arranging & Designing a Site: Landscape Works Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf

Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 15.06.2008

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Landscape Architecture (EAPS4303)Lecturer 2

Arranging & Designing a Site: Landscape Works

Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf

University of Palestine

Faculty of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning

Dept. of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning


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Meanings & Understandings

Landscape is concerned with conceptual, scientific & design approaches to land use.

It emphasises both ecological & a good place-making as well as understanding of a multi-disciplinary approach to analysing a site planning & its design .


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Landscaped Areas

Used to frame, soften & embellish the quality of the environment/a place

Buffer units from noise or undesirable views

Break up large expanses of parking

Separate frontage roads within the development from public streets

To achieve landscape objective, vertical elements; trees & tall shrubs, in addition to ground cover are needed providing shading & climatic cooling.


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Landscape Design Standard All areas not covered by

structures, drives parking or hardscape shall be landscaped

A minimum of 15 % of the site shall be landscaped + up to 30% of outdoor area

Major landscape areas are:1. Public areas: visible from front

house including side walks, drives & front entrance

2. Service area: less attractive garden project including garbage cans, clothes lines, compost heap, tool shed, storage shed, & etc

3. Private (living) area: central area of landscape activity Pedestrian Landscape

Major landscape area


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Landscape for Screening & Privacy Used to maximize the

privacy of adjacent units using shrubs of 4.5 to 5 m tall, natural levelling & appropriate distance.

A minimum of 20% of trees used for screening purposes shall include 24 inch box size when installed.

Used to frame views into open space areas


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History of Landscape Architecture The history of landscape architecture is related to

the history of gardening but is not coextensive: both arts are concerned with the composition

of planting, landform, water, paving and other structures. However:

garden design is essentially concerned with enclosed private space (parks, gardens & etc)

landscape design is concerned with the design of enclosed space, as well as unenclosed space which is open to the public: such as

town squares, country parks, park systems, pedestrians, open space, & etc.


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History of Landscape Architecture The Romans undertook landscape architecture on

an extensive scale, and Vitruvius wrote on many topics, such as the layout of towns, which still concern landscape architects.

As with other arts, it was not until the Renaissance that garden design was revived, with outstanding examples including the pleasure grounds at the Villa d’Este, Tivoli.

The renaissance gardening developed throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, reaching an ultimate grandeur in the work of André le Nôtre at Vaux-le-Vicomte and Versailles.


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History of Landscape Architecture In the 18th century, England became the focus of a new style of

landscape design. Figures such as William Kent, Humphry Repton, and in

particular Lancelot 'Capability' Brown remodelled the great estate parks of the English gentry to resemble a neat and tidy version of nature.

Many of these parks remain today. The term 'landscape architecture' was first used by the Scotsman Gilbert Laing Meason in the title of his book on The Landscape Architecture of the Great Painters of Italy (London, 1828):

It was about the type of architecture found in landscape paintings. The term of "landscape architecture" was then taken up by JC Loudon and AJ Downing.


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History of Landscape Architecture19th Century Development In 19th century, urban planning became more

important than ever before, and it was the combination of modern planning with the tradition of landscape gardening that gave Landscape Architecture its unique focus.

In the second half of the century, Frederick Law Olmsted completed a series of parks which continue to have an impact on the practices of Landscape Architecture until today:

Among these parks were Central Park in New York, Prospect Park in Brooklyn, and Boston's so called Emerald Necklace park system.


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Current Development

Landscape architecture continues to develop as a design discipline, and has responded to many of the movements related to design and architecture through the 20th century.

Today, a healthy level of innovation continues to provide challenging approach to design for streetscapes, parks and gardens:

The work of Martha Schwartz in the US, and in Europe designs such as Schouwburgplein in

Rotterdam by the Dutch design group West 8 are just two particular examples.


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Gardening

Elements included in gardening are:Entrance areaPergolaLighteningFence/boundaryPedestrian circulationPlayground for childrenService areaSunny & shadowed areaWatering surface (Fountain, pool, & etc)


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System of Gardening Regular System التماثل دائرياأو رباعياأو ثنائياويكون إلى الموقع يقسم الثنائي التماثل ففي

منهما كل وينسق طولي بمحور قسمينمتوازية الممرات وتكون لآلخر مماثال

مستطيلة أو مربعة واألحواض . األضالع فيقسم الرباعي التماثل في أما

بمحورين أقسام أربعة إلى الموقعبطريقة األقسام وتنسيق متعامديناألرض في النظام هذا ويتبع واحدة

المستطيلة أو المربعة . المستوية التكرار يراعي الدائري التماثل وفي

مجسم حول بيضاوية أو دائرية بأشكالوسطي حوض أو نافورة أو زينةتكون المتناظرة الحدائق وفي ، لألزهاربأشكال أو الزوايا قائمة المسطحاتالممرات وتكون منتظمة هندسيةالزهور أحواض مع متناسبة مستقيمةهذه مثل وتزينها وترتيبها شكلها فيالمرصوفة بالممرات الحدائقومجسمات والنوافير والمعرشات .الزينة


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System of Gardening

Natural System كتقليد الحدائق وتصمم

تناظر أو تماثل بدون للطبيعةالمنحنية الخطوط فيها وتكثرتكون وقد المتعرجة والممرات

مستقيمة الخطوط . بعض النباتات توزيع ويكون

غير الحدائق وتمثل بالصدفةوالوديان المنحدرات المتناظرةيساء أحيانا و الطبيعيةمن النوع هذا استعمالقواعده في لجهل التخطيطتبعد الرتجاليات نتيجة الفنيةالبساطة روح عن الحديقةوالجمال

الطبيعي الطراز يفضل وعادةالمتنزهات تخطيط فيذات العامة والحدائق

الكبيرة المساحات


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System of Gardening

Modern system بين يجمع النظام وهذا

ناحية من الطبيعةأو الصور وبعضمن الهندسية األشكال

أخرى ناحية الخطوط يحرر انه أي

أو حدتها من الهندسيةويطوعها قسوتهاوإلمكانية للبساطة

البيت خارج .المعيشة

Documents

Prepared by Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf, 15.06.20081 Landscape Architecture (EAPS4303) Lecturer 2 Arranging & Designing a Site: Landscape Works Dr. Hazem Abu-Orf