Barry County Substance Abuse Task Force: Increasing Amounts of Prescription

Use Within the Community 2007 - 2011

Prepared By: Shreenath Shah and Michael Spence

Pharm D. Candidates 2013Ferris State University College of Pharmacy

Objectives • Substance Abuse in the USA • Introduction to the commonly abused

prescription medications • View of Barry counties prescription

medication use (Then and Now) • How you can help

Substance Abuse in the United States

Three types of drugs are abused most often:

1. Opioids- Pain Relievers

2. CNS Depressants- Stress, Seizures, Sleep

3. Stimulants- ADHD and Narcolepsy

Opioid Prescription Trends in the United States

Stimulant Prescription Trends in the United States

Prescriptions (Rx)

Schedule II Substances: • MUST be written or

typed and manually signed by a practitioner with valid DEA #

• Provide a valid reason for medication

• MAX of 30 day supply • NO Refills

Schedule III Substances: • May be ordered by

practitioner orally, in writing, or by fax to the pharmacist.

• May be refilled if so authorized on the prescription or by call-in.

• Can be refilled up to five times within six months

Commonly Abused Rx’s1. Stimulants:

• Amphetamines(Adderall), Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin) – Schedule II – RX – ADHD– Excessive sleepiness– Depression

• Methamphetamines , MDMA (Ecstasy), Cocaine – Illegal substances

Concerta

Commonly Abused Rx’s1. Stimulants Continued…– Intoxication Effects• Increased energy, alertness, feelings of exhilaration

– How are they abused • Crushed and Injected, Smoked or Snorted

– Side Effects• Faster heartbeat, seizures, insomnia, nervousness, paranoia

aggressive behavior, hallucinations and heart attacks – Street Names: • Methylphenidate : Rits, Vitamin R and West Coast • Amphetamine: Speed, bennies, black beauties, crosses, hearts,

uppers and truck drivers

Commonly Abused Rx’s2. Opioids

I. Oxycodone containing products - CII- Oxycodone + Ibuprofen ( Combunox)- Oxycodone + Acetaminophen (Percocet, Oxycontin,

Endocet, Oxceta, Tylox) - Street Names: Roxys, Percs, Roxicotten, 512s, O’s, Hillbilly heroin

Commonly Abused Rx’s2. Opioids Continued…

I. Hydrocodone containing products – CIII- Hydrocodone + Acetaminophen (Vicodin, Norco, Lortab)- Street Names: Viko, Vikes or Hydro

II. Methadone – CII- Brand Names: Dolophine, Methadose, Methadone diskets - Street Names: Juice, Meth, Fizzies, Amidone

Vicodin

Methadone

Commonly Abused Rx’s2. Opioids Continued…– Use: Moderate to severe pain – Side Effects: • Lowered heartbeat and breathing , coma, addiction,

– How are they abused • Crushed and smoked, snorted or injected

– Intoxication Effects • Pain relief, euphoria, impaired coordination,

drowsiness

Population Size 2010 Census • Cloverdale – N/A • Delton -872 • Dowling -374• Hastings – 7,308• Woodland - 425• Bellevue -1,282• Freeport – 483 • Middleville – 3,319 • Wayland -4,709• Hickory Corners - 322• Nashville – 1,628• Plainwell – 3804

Stimulant Use 2007 and 2011 in Barry County

Cloverdale Delton Dowling Hastings Woodland Bellevue Freeport Middleville Wayland Hickory Corners

Nashville Plainwell0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000Stimulants Dispensed

2007 2011

Oxycodone Use 2007 and 2011 in Barry County

Cloverdale Delton Dowling Hastings Woodland Bellevue Freeport Middleville Wayland Hickory Corners

Nashville Plainwell0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000Oxycodone Products Dispensed

2007 2011

Hydrocodone Use 2007 and 2011 in Barry County

Cloverdale Delton Dowling Hastings Woodland Bellevue Freeport Middleville Wayland Hickory Corners

Nashville Plainwell0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

Hydrocodone Products Dispensed

2007 2011

Methadone Use 2007 and 2011 in Barry County

Cloverdale Delton Dowling Hastings Woodland Bellevue Freeport Middleville Wayland Hickory Corners

Nashville Plainwell0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

Methadone Dispensed

2007 2011

Summary/Conclusions • Prescription drug use rising in the USA • Oxycodone, Hydrocodone and Stimulant use

are most prescribed and dispensed medications in Barry County – Plainwell, Hastings and Delton all show significant

increases in amounts of pain medication dispensed

– Middleville and Wayland show similar increases in prescription medication use

Teenagers and Substance Abuse: National Statistics

• 1 out of 10 teens have abused stimulants (Adderall or Ritalin)

• 1 out of 5 teens have abused a prescription pain reliever– Hydrocodone, Oxycodone,

Methadone

Teenagers and Substance Abuse: Barry County

What Can I Do ? • Communication• Encourage Positive Behavior • Calmly set limits regarding drug abuse, ensuring

child understands and is on the same page• Lead by example • Returning expired medications:– Medications, uncontrolled and controlled that are

not disposed of properly can be stolen and misused

Medication Return: Barry County

More Information/ Helpful Resources • Barry County Substance Abuse Task Force: – http://www.barrycountysatf.com

• Substance Abuse Guide • Prescription and OTC Drug Abuse Guides

• The Partnership at DrugFree.org – http://www.drugfree.org/

• National Institute for Drug Abuse: – http://teens.drugabuse.gov/

• Family Checkup: Positive Parenting Prevents Drug Abuse– http://www.drugabuse.gov/family-checkup

Questions?

References• 1. National Institute on Drug Abuse [Internet].Maryland: NIH [Updated 2013 Jan] Commonly

Abused Prescription Drugs Chart; [Cited on Feb 19 3013] Available from: http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs/commonly-abused-prescription-drugs-chart

• 2. National Institute on Drug Abuse [Internet].Maryland: NIH [Updated 2013 Jan] Family Checkup: Positive Parenting Prevents Drugs; [Cited on Feb 19th 2013] Available From: http://www.drugabuse.gov/family-checkup

• 3. National Institute on Drug Abuse for Teens [Internet]. Maryland: NIH for Teens [Updated Feb 19th 2013] Facts on Drugs [Cited on Feb 19 2013] Available from: http://teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts

• 4. Barry County Substance Abuse Task Force [Internet] Michigan (Barry); [Updated February 2013] Program Material [Cited on Feb 20 2013] Available from: http://www.barrycountysatf.com/program-materials.html

• 5. The partnership at drugfree.org [Internet]: [Updated February 2013] Prescription drug Abuse in the United States [Cited on Feb 19 2013] Available from: http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide