TheNo. ISl Issued Occasionally for The Clements Library A ssociates

Prepared in the Interests

of Book Collecting at the

Univer sity of Michigan

1Mar. 1948Notice

W itl, th is n umber of T he Quartowe beg to in troduce T he ClementsL ibrar y Associates to one a no ther.(See page 6)

It is the University'S desire th atour riches sha ll be more effectivelyshared with those who are concernedabou t American history and trad i­lio n . Therefore, the Regents of th eUniversity of Michigan, at theirmeeting of October 24, 1947. estab­lished T he Clements Library Asso­ciat es by the following resolution:

The Regen ts hereby esta blish T heClements Library Associat es for the p ur­poses of in creasing the collec tion s andresources of th e Clements Library andof broadening the scope. serv ices. andusefulness of the Libra ry.

The Associates shall be governed bythe foll owing regulations:

MEMBERSHIP. Membership in TheClemen ts Li bra ry Associates shall beextended to persons who indica te theirinterest in the purposes of tbe organiza­tio n by ma king such annual contribu­tion as shall be dete rm ined by w e Exec ­utive Commit tee.

EX ECUTIVE COMMITTEE. The di ­rection of The Clements Libra ry Asso­d a tes sha ll be entrusted to an ExecutiveCommittee consisting of the Director ofth e Clements Library. ex officio, or h isde sign ated rCJ?resentative; two mem bersof th e Committee of Management; andthree members of the Associates. Theappointed mem bers of the ExecutiveCommittee sha ll be appo inted by theBoard of Regen ts of the Univers i ty ofMich igan for one year on recommenda­tion of the , Presiden t. The Exec ut iveCommittee sha ll elect a chai rm an fromits membersh ip annuall y.

FUNDS. Funds contributed to theUniversity of Michigan throu gh TheClemen ts Lib rary Associat es for the pur­poses of the Associates shall , u nl ess other­wise specified by the do nor. he placed ina tru st fu n d to be designated T h e Clem­en ts Library Associates T rust Fund . T h eClements Libra ry Associates T ru st Fundshall be expe nd ed at th e direct ion of theExecutive Committee.

The Quarto now becomes the lia­ison between the Clem­ents Library an d TheClements Li brary Asso­cia tes. It will be sentonly to Associates. Ifyou are not an Associa teand wish to receive TheQuarto, please use theenclosed form.

Nach AnnarbourThomas W. Stree ter , of Morris­

town, New Jersey. in compili ng hisTexas bibliography. ran across thisone in his own library: Kar l Neid­hard. Amerikanischer Magazin, Al­tona u. Leipzig, ,835' There is a bitabout T exas in i t, bu t what struckMr Streeter was the 55 pages headed"Reise nach Michigan und Besuchbei der dort kurzlich angelegtenColo nie der Schwabe n, Rheinlanderund Sachsen, im Sommer ,834." T heauthor appa ren tly took the stagecoach " von Detroit nach A nnar­bour" to look over the growing set­tlement of emigre Germans who be­gan coming to our village as earlyas 1820. "By 1855 more than 5.000Swabians ha d settled in and arouudAnn Arbor," says Orlando 'V. Ste­phenson. our city his torian. \Ve aregrateful to Mr Streeter who gave usth e volume, ' Ve had no previousrecord o f the book. Now will some­one please transla te those 55 pagesfor us?

James May's Five DollarsAlthough they are unwilling to

sta te who was the first Universitybenefactor, we like to plague theUniversi ty's h istorian s with a receiptclearly marked " No . i" made out toa well-to-do Detroi t merchan t andsh ip owner. Below is a red uced fac­simile of the evid ence .

Ann ua l d ues of T he Associa tesare set a t the same figure contr ibu tedby J ames May. We hope Associateswill remember tha t $5 bought moreturnips (and books) in 1817 thanin 1948.

Courtesy of Associate Ella M. Hymam

The Executive CommitteeT he Regen ts, at their November

meeting, appointed to the ExecutiveCommittee of The Clements Li bra­ry Associa tes, Mr J ohn W . Watlingand Dr Lawrence Reynolds as thetwo members from the Library'sCommittee of Ma nagement and MrsBenjamin S. Warren, Mr Henry L.Newnan, and Mr Renvill e Wheat asthe three members from the mem­bership of The Associates. T he Di­rector of th e Libra ry is a memberex officio. T he Committee electedMr Watli ng chairman and ap­poi nted Colto n Storm secretary.Correspondence should be ad­dressed to Mr Storm at th e Clemen tsLibrary.

Netherlands CentennialOn November 19. 1947. the h un­

dredth anniversa ry of the foundingof the Dutch settlements in westernMichigan was formally observed atthe Library. We set u p an exhibi­tion of the rare books wh ich tell th estory of th e first Dutch set tlemen tsin America, especial ly those on Man­hat tan Island and on th e H udsonRiver in th e seventeenth century .An exhibition bulletin describingthis rare source material was pub­lished and copi es have been sen teach Clements Li brary Associa te.The bulletin comprises bibliograph­ical and cr itical descr iptions of aselect ion from th e ch ief books inthe Li brary relating to the Dutchin America. For th e occasion, DrMarten ten Hoor, A.B:13, A.M : '4,Ph .D: 21. no w Dean a t th e Univer­

sity of Alabama , re­turned to Michi gan andgave an ad dress appro­priate to the occasionto T he Associa tes andother fr iends. His re­marks will shortly bepublished in the M ichi-gan H istory Magazine.

The Autograph CollectorThe intelligent autograph collec­

tor can be of the greatest assistanceto the historian. We say "intelli­gent" because we must exclude thosewho collect "clipped autographs,"i.e., cut from a letter or the fly-leafof a book. Dr J. Eo Fields, of Joliet,Illinois, has been making severalcollections, members of the Conti­nental Congress. members of theCongress under the Constitution,signers of the Declaration of Inde­pendence, signers of the Constitn­tion, and the like.

We will not, at this point, try toexplain why Dr Fields is doing that.Perhaps, as a physician, he has oftensaid, and heard other doctors say,"Get a hobby!" But Dr Fields' auto­gtaph collecting consists of acquir­ing entire letters ofthe man whoseautograph fits into his scheme. Oneis apt to begin such a collection bygetting what he can, and then, byreplacement, substitution, and trad­ing he refines his collection.

Take George Washington as anexample. The autograph collectorevolves thus: (I) he gets a scrap ofpaper which contains a horse deal­er's offer of a stallion for sale. On it,Washington has written: "Lund:See me on Mondayabout this. G.W."That would be a fine beginning be­cause horse breeding was somethingin which Washington was deeplyconcerned. But the autograph col­lector wants a whole letter. So (2)he acquires a -letter written in thehandwriting of a secretary (Alex­ander Hamilton, for example) , butsigned by Washington. That iswhat the collector calls a L [etter]S[ignedJ. It is like a modern lettertyped on a machine, and only signedby the "great man."

But the intelligent autograph col­lector does not stop there. He wantsa letter (3) written entirely in Wash­.ington's hand, and also signed byhim. That is what we call an A [uto­graph] L[etter] S[igned]. Withpatience and zeal, he finally gets aWashington ALS. But he is notentirely satisfied. His ALS is a one­page affair in which Washingtonsays merely that he will attend a

meeting of the vestry of the PohickChurch on Tuesday. The intelligentautograph ' collector still watchesfor a more important letter. Whatis a more important letter? Supposethe collector has a chance to acquirea letter from 'Vashington to MarthaWashington, in which he tells her indetail that Lord Cornwallis has sur­rendered the British Army to himat Yorktown on October Ig , 1781?Which is the more desirable of thosetwo letters, that relating to the meet­ing of the vestry of the PohickChurch or that telling of the surren­der at Yorktown?

After a collector of autographs hasbeen doing this for some years hehas a body of documentary sourcematerial which, besides being a hob­by, is raw material for the historian.Some of the greatest collections ofhistorical manuscripts begin and arebuilt in this-fashion. Among themis the Simon Gratz collection at the ­Historical Society of Pennsylvania.Mr Gratz died twenty-odd years ago.But the game goes on. AnotherPhiladelphian, Frederic R. Kirk­land, a banker, is doing the samething today. But to get back to DrFields of Joliet. He has his collectionof the members of Congress from1789 to 1815 in pretty satisfactoryshape. He wants to spend more timeon his other collections. So he hasjust presented his collection of themembers of the early Congresses tothe Clements Library, for its Divi­sion of Manuscripts. Thus he hasenriched the University's collection.

Now, we hear someone protest."But this makes it impossible to getall the letters of one man in oneplacer' To this we reply "The schol­

_ar who expects to find all his mate-rial in one place isn't a scholar:'The most ambitious publication ofthe works of one American is theJohn C. Fitzpatrick edition of TheWritings of George Washington, in37 volumes. Those texts had to beassembled from all over the world.A member of the staff of the Clem­ents Library was one of the editorialassistants. in Fitzpatrick's greatwork. He found one unpublished,unrecorded and theretofore un­known Washington letter in a richly

bound autograph album lying onthe parlor table of a sporting squire'in Fyfeshire, Scotland - about astone's throw from the "Royal andAncient (golf) Club." He foundanother framed and hanging on thewall of the library in the BohemianClub of San Francisco. But for thesolicitude of the autograph collec­tor it is likely that neither wouldhave survived to be included in Fitz­patrick's work.

Economic History"Why, 1 didn't know yon had any­

thing besides the American.Revolu­tion!" We have to grin and bearthat one at least once a day. In asense, the Library's emphasis on theRevolution was a distinct after­thought of Mr Clements. His firstcollecting was of the seventeenthcentury. whence he moved back tothe fifteenth. Then came his friend­ship with the late Claude H. VanTyne, whose specialty was the Rev­olution and who was also head ofthe University's history department.Years ago the historian Worthing­ton C. Ford remarked to us, "Someday, when you come to write thehistory of the Library, you will saythat Van Tyne had a profound in­fluence on the paths of collectingMr Clements followed." Our mate­rials in the period of the Revolutionare, in fact, the work of only the lasttwelve years of Mr Clements' longcollecting career. lVe mention thisbecause it seems less well known inMichigan than elsewhere. We wel­come our colleagues on the campuswho take the trouble to make clearthese facts, and at the moment thinkof Zenas C. Dickinson. of our depart­ment of economics. Recently hebrought to the Library his classin the history of economics, andshowed them our collections of clas­sics in that field, Thomas Mun,England's Treasure by ForraignTrade, London, 1664, Edward Miss­elden, Circle of Commerce, London.1623. etc. But such a visit as thatof Professor Dickinson and his classalways shows us up-by pointingout something we ought t~ have. Inthis case. we lack the first Americanedition of The Wealth of Nations.

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SImply not m th e runnmg.Just to show that no suchcollection is ever ..com­plete," we remember thatDr A. S. W. Rosenbach hascontributed to the Proceed­ingsof the American Anti­quarian Societ y, a papershowing that there was atheatrical company in Lima,Peru. in the 1500'S. No oneknows what they played.Moreover , Paul Mcl'harl inhas ascertained that Corteztook a puppet eer with hi mto Me xico in 1519.

A check list of the fiftyplays exhibited has beendistributed to The Associ­ates.

MLA MeetingT wo centuries and a half of Amer­

ican Drama-that was an exhib itionth e Li brary prepared for the recentannual mee ting of the Modem Lan­guage Associa tion . The Universityhas long h ad noteworth y resourcesin the field of the theatre . But it wasnot unti l 1944 that we turned ourattention to our deficiencies in thefield of earl y and rare Americandra ma . Mrs H erbert C. Ely, of De­troi t, has been largely responsiblefor ena bling us to present for theMLA plays extending from MarcLescarbot, L e T hedtre de Neptuneen la Nouvelle France, published inPari s in 1609 to George Ai tken 'splaying version of Mrs Stowe's UncleT om's Cabin publ ished in NewYork in 1852. The "Theatre ofNeptune" was the first drama writ­ten and staged in America north ofth e Rio Grande. II is a masque cele­bratin g the return of Sieur Poutrin­court's expedition from Cape Cod,and played at "Port R oyal ," nearmodern Annapolis, Nova Scotia.R . W. G. Vail, in Sabin 's Dictionary,has worked ou t the early ed it ions ofUncl e T om's Cabin . I t will probablynever be possible to ascertain howmany times and in how many placesUncl e T om's Cabin was played be­tween 1852 and the present day. Butthere is pl en ry of evidence for sug­gesting that such favorites as Abie'sIrish R ose and Life with Fath er are

On the back of Bronson's card ap­pears th is:

Miss Alcott 's con temporary, the hi s­toria n 'Villiam H ickling Prescott,was ei th er less coy. or else decidedthat the following was a more gra­cious manner of respondi ng to thereq nests of th ose who deman ded hisantograph :

Bu t upon one occasion she musthave relented, for we also h ave thiscard:

Retort and ResponseAn Associate, who wish es to re ­

main an onym ous, reminds us thatth e autograph seeker did not beginwi th Fran k Sinatra and h is bobby­soxe rs, nor yet wi th Babe Ruth andhis fans. T herefore the foll owingmethods of handling admirers whowant a signature are to be found inour collections. The au thor of LittleWomen had an especially printedcard, thus:

11..fl · vkc;;tt .

.r.:>»: -e~$/.kd-e~

/L ~~~~/?6-ee7UEd/

It was some months after the dra­matic "opening" of the RobertTodd Li nco ln Papers at the Li braryof Congress before J ames G . Randallof Illinois said very much aboutth em. H is article in the "Magaz ineSect ion" of The New YOTkTimes, December 14. 1947.is a little masterpiece. Thisselection hau nts us:

What we have in the Lincolnpapers is the essence of historicaldata. It is source material-thestutf out of which history isbuill. It is original, not second-hand or retrospective . .. Work·ing with the papers week afterweek is like going back andliving with -Abraham Lincoln .Handling the letters and envel­opes that he handled, one hastile feeling of sitting with theman himself , sharing his irrita·tion at a pet ulant missive, not­ing how complaint is patientlyborne. hearing now and then aPresidential chuckle or heartylaugh, sensing more of ten theweariness of long-deferred hopeand feel ing a welcome uplift, ifonly for a moment, when theincoming mail is friendly orfavorable.

Economists are won t to suggesttha t the year 1776 is celebrated notso much by th e independence ofthese United States as by the pub­lica tion in that year of Adam Smith 'sWealth of Nations, in London. Welacked the first American edition .Between the time Professor Di ckin­son arranged to have his Class visitthe Library and the time we re­ceived them, we were able to securea stray third volume of the firstAmerican edition, Philadelphia,1789- No, we don't collect "crip­pl es," but with this fragment, wealso acquired a story_ The volumebears the eighteenth century signa­ture of George ' Vashingto n_ No, ' tisnot the Ge neral and Presiden t, It isthe signature of that other GeorgeWashington, George S., and th eautograph is genuine. It has misledmany an enth usiast . Mary Benja­min in her book Autograp hs: a Keyto Collecting, New York, 1946,makes clear who he was and wh y hestill bedevils collectors.

What Source Material Is

Adam SmithThe Wealth of Nations

Private and IndividualInitiative

The Clements Library containsmany books which are veritable his ­torical monuments. We are happyto have on the Executive Committeeof The Associates a member whoalso represents a remarkable Ameri­can association for the preservationof an American historical monu­ment. She is Mrs Benjamin S. War­ren of Grosse Pointe Farms, a vice­Regent of the Mount Vernon La­dies' Association. When, half a cen­tury after his death, President Wash­ington's home and plantation had tobe sold, Miss Ann Pamela Cunning­ham, of South Carolina, "learnedthat the property had been offeredin turn to the Governments of theUnited States and the Common­wealth of Virginia, but that pur­chase had been refused by each:'Miss Cunningham was one of thosepeople who would not take "No"for an answer, and who believed thatthe word "impossible" meant simplythat the job would require a littlemore time. She founded "T heMount Vernon Ladies" Association"which, in 1858, bought Mount Ver­non for $200,000. The Associationhas restored the home, plantationand tomb with an antiquarian zealand historical accuracy which makesthem models for all who essay simi­lar tasks. The Association continuesto maintain Mount Vernon admir­ably, 1£ anyone were so witless as tosuggest that "The Government takeit over," (and there have been suchpeople) the Association might reoply with a negative that would beshorter and swifter than the refusalthey got from the governments near­ly a century ago. Today the various"governments" in the United Statesare doing a better job of conserva­tion than they Once did-but still,the intelligence with which MountVernon has been cared for remainsan example for all.

We are proud of the State of Mich­igan for its attention to the Clem­ents Library. However, the State ofMichigan would not have a Clem­ents Library if left to itself. . TheClements Library, like the Mount

Vernon Ladies Association waslaunched by individual initiative. InAmerica; we still need and cherishand act upon th e good ideas of citi­zens who understand that the stateexists for them and not they for thesta te. \Ve are very, very grateful tothe State of Michigan for its sup­port. We are also thankful that weha ve The Clements Library Associ­ates which are, like the Mount Ver­non Ladies Association. a support­ing organization resulting from in­dividuals who take pride in theaims of the Clements Library.

Michigan's CopperLord Inverchapel, his Britannic

Majesty's ambassador to \Vashing­ton inquired whether the Librarywould accept the original copperplates of the Admiralty's charts ofthe Siege of Yorktown. The LordsCommissioners of the Admiraltyhad found the copper plates of J. F.S. Des Barres' A tlantic Neptune,and wanted to give them to appro­priate American libraries and his­torical societies "along the EasternSeaboard from Boston to New Or­leans , according to the territoriesthey show." The prize of the lotwas the pair of plates "A Plan ofthe Posts of York and Gloucester in

. Virginia ... London, 1782." Theydepict the final and decisive actionof the American Revolution, thesurrender of Lord Cornwallis atYorktown. Of course we accepted,and on January 24, '948, the Brit­ish Consul General at Detroit, MrD. F. H. Brickell, was scheduled tocome to Ann Arbor and make thepresentation. Meantime, came rum­blings of protest from newspapersin Virginia. Ann Arbor, it was con­tended, was hardly an "Eastern Sea­board city:' Nevertheless, the Con­sul General appeared on schedule,made some graceful remarks in thepresence of The Associates andother friends and turned the platesover to the University of Michigan.President Ruthven accepted themwith equally gracious words-and atwinkle in his eye. The ClementsLibrary, he stated, was a peculiarlyappropriate place to deposit theseplates, because in our exhibition

cases for the occasion were no lessthan thirteen of the original manu­script sketches and maps of theaction at Yorktown. They weredone at the time hy the British,American, French, and German en­gineer-officers present at the siege .As to the copper plates themselves,the President pointed out we wereglad to accept them, since we al­ready bad the "proof copy" drawnfrom these same copper plates andpreviously owned by the Britishcommander - in - chief. Sir HenryClinton. The President expressedgenuine regret that these platescould not be given to the State ofVirginia. bUI explained the follow­ing little known fact. The LowerPeninsula of Michigan, indudingthe site of Ann Arbor, was, accord­ing to old maps in the Library,once part of Augusta County, Vir­ginia Oohu and Ann Allen, foun­ders of Ann Arbor, came fromStaunton, Virginia). As the resultof negotiations made in 1781-1783,Virginia gave up her claims to her"western lands." This was ex­plained by the American Commis­sioner at Paris to the British Com­missioner, David Hartley. Amongth e Hartley Papers (which the Li­brary acquired in 1933) the newterritories and states projected westof the Appalachians were laid outon a map. (We also have that man­uscript map.) So Virginia . lostMichigan by the plans and acts ofthe American Commissioner. (NB:his name was Thomas Jefferson.founder of the University of Vir­ginia.)

AmericanaThe Clements Library collects

Americana. What is Americana?Our founder, William 1.. Clements,tried to answer that question in 1914- "rare, scarce. and uncommonbooks relating to Am erican hi story."But even before he gave his collec­tion to the University of Michigan,he had added manuscripts and mapsto it. At the Clements Library wedefine Americana as a selection ofthe documentary evidences of Amer­ican history chosen on the basis ofrarity, priority, and importance.

t

A Copy ofA Sentimental Journey

T he eye of the cura tor of Bookshad a twinkle, or was it a glint? Si­lently he presented a dealer's cata­logue offering A Sen timen tal Jour­ney, Philadelphia 177o-by "the nottoo Reverend Laurence Sterne."How to fit this classic of English lit­erature into a library of rare Ameri­cana- and how to find the where­withal with whim to acquire tilebook?

We kn ow tha t among the mostappreciative critics of the hook arethe late Wilbu r Cross (ex-professorof English a t Yale and ex-G overnorof Connecti cu t) and the lat e A. Ed­ward Newton, a Philadelphia man­ufact urer of electrical apparatus.'Vro te Newton:

Much ink. has been shed in an effortto solve the Mystery 01 Edwin Drood,but I never heard of anyone attemptingto guess how A Sentimental Journeywould have ended . . . As it is. it ends- where it begins-in the middle; in­deed in the middle of a paragraph.

Bu t hold it. Mr Newlon! Someonedid write and publish tile ending ofthat story. Instead of tile familiaru..to-volume set of London, 1768,there is a w ee-volume set, whereofthe last volume is tile guessing athow the story worked out. We knewof only one set in Ann Arbor. Wereached for the phone and called DrFrederick A. Coller, professor ofsurgery and chairman of the depart­ment of surgery at the University ofMich igan, in whose private libraryis that unusual three-volume set.

But to get back to th at Philadel­phia edition of 1770; we wanted itand go t possession of it "on approv­al." It turned out to be quite rare­no t mentioned in Charles Evans'multi-volumed list of books printedin America before ISbO. nor in Gov­ernor Cross's bibliography of Laur­ence Sterne.

Bookpl at es indicated th at it hadbeen in the libraries of two Ameri­can collec tors, J ohn Gribbel of Phil­adelphia and Fran k Hogan o f Wash­ington. T hey t at least, esteemed it.I t was published by a Philadelphian ,who, six years later, produced one ofth e gre at books of all time, TomPaine's Com mon Sense. Looking at

a first edi tion of A Sen timental j our­ney we found the following amongthe "Subscr ib ers," whose financialsup por t en abled Sterne to publishthe book at all.

"Mr. Baskerville:" the r Sth centuryprin ter, any of whose imprints are"collectors ' Irems'v-and N.B.,he taughtBenjamin Franklin to improve histaste in typography.

"Lord Cornwalli s:" the General. whosesurrender at Yorktown. Virginia . toGeneral George Washington, assuredthe inde pendence of these UnitedStates.

"Mr. Dundas:" he can be no other thanthe Scottish merchant who got therum con tract (or the Brit ish Army inthe French and Indian War. who be­came Viscount Melville, and thous­ands of whose manuscripts arc in theClements library.

"Mr. Garrick: " David, the Shakesp eareanactor.

"Mr. Heber:" Richa rd vomnlverous 18thcentury book collector. who said: 'Nogen tlemen can be without -three cop­Ies of a book: one for show. one for hisown use. and one for borrowers.' Manyof Heber's books are now in AnnArbor.

"Colonel Lee:" Ah , hal None other thanth e later Oeueral Charles Lee whomade so much trouble for his com­mander-In-chiet, General Washingtonin 1776.

"Sir George Macartney:" British envoy toRussia. who wrote 3 comprehensivesuner of that count ry. found in ourManuscripts Division . and presentlybeing edited for publication by ourProf Lobanov-Rostovsky, and Dr Sam­uel C. McCulloch.

"Hon. Mr. Oglethorpe;" -that is JamesOglethorpe, who fou nded the Stateof Georgia, and whose picture ap'pea red on Georgia paper money andbonds as late as 1865.

"The Duke of Roxburghe:" the sale ofhis Library in 1812 was a land mark inthe history of book colle cting.

"l.ord Shelbu rne:" who had the job ofsalvaging the Brit ish Empire in mak­ing the treaty of 1783 with BenjaminFranklin , John Adams and John Jay.Mr Clements bought "Shelburne Pa­pers" in 1923. They are now at AnnArbor.

'''ith such interesting subscribersto the first Engli sh edi tion, is it anywond er that there was within twoyears an American edition of A Sen-~

tim ental JournC)I? The marked rar­ity of this first American edit ion alsoillustrates what mak es a "rare" bookrare. Probably it was read and readto pieces by til e eage r American buy­ers at Robert Bell 's book sho p inPhiladelphia-hen ce few copies sur­vive. Does that early Philadelphiaed ition of t770 belong in a Library

- of rare Americana? Dr FrederickColler thought so, and has put thebook on our shelves.

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NSACNSAC stands for Nation al Society

of Autograph Collectors, an organ­ization founded recently "to encour­age the meeting of autograph col­lectors and stimulate and aid themin their various collecting special­ties; to facilitate tile exchange of in­formation and knowledge amongcollectors and scholars." The firstannual exh ibition and meeting ofNSAC will be held at this LibraryMay to-t I. Application blanks formembership ma y be secured fromDr Joseph E. Fields, 108 Scott Street,J oliet, Ill. Dr Fields' recent gift ofmanuscripts to .th is Library is de­scr ibed elsewhere in The Quarto.

Renaissance Ubrarian" He must be no t only learned

but of pleasing personality, accu­rate, and fluent in speech; and, inaddition to these qualities, he mustbe neat and business-like, keepingan inve n tory of tile books and hav-

. ing them so arranged that th ey ca nbe reached easily and at the sametim e can be kept clean and dry.H e mus t also be a person of di s­crimination, for he is to bring ou tthe treasures willingly to exhib it topeople. of authority and to thosewho are truly interested in learn­ing. To them he should explainthe less obvious points about themanuscripts. at the same timewa tching to see that they do notabstract any foli os. If the personmaking the request to see the co­dices is merely curious and not ofscholarly interests, a cursory glancea t th e manuscript should be enoughto sati sfy him. As regards the lend­ing of books, he must not let anyvolume go out without permissionfrom the duke; and if that has beenassured. he must get a receipt.W hen a number of people are vis­iting the library at the same time,he must be especia lly vigilant, sothat none of the treasures will bestolen." a. Dennistoun , Dukes ofUrbina, I, 167 quoting Va t. Urb.Mss., no. lli48, f. 58)

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FRANKUN P . ADAMSGEORGE M ATIHEW A DAM S

J A~IES P . ADAMSRI CHARD N. ADAMS

TnOMAS R . ADAMSE LM ERADLEK

F RED M . ALGER, JR.M RS. R USSELL A LGER

H ENRY 1. ARMSTR ONG, JR.EDWIN W . ATWOODCLARENGE W. AVERYEARL D. BABSTMRS. STANDISH B ACKUSG EORGE D . BAILEYM RS. STUART G . BAITSH OW ARD C. B ALDWIN

WILLI AM T . B ARBO URDR. N ORMA N C . B ENDER.M A LCOLM BINGAYDR. A LEXAN DER BLAINROSCOE O . BONISTEE LROBERT P. BRIGGSC LARENCE S . BRIGHAM

H AROLD S. BROWN£M RS. JOliN A . BRYANTLAWRENCE D. B UliLLEAVITT ]. B ULKLEY

J OSEPH A. B URSLEYRALPH]. BURTONL EO M . BUYLEL

H ENRY E. CANDLERRALPH M . CARSON

GEORGE 'V. C ARTERH ERBERT W . C LARK

CARL F. C LARKEM RS. WILUAM L. C LEMENTSW. W ALI.ACE C LEME.'lTSWILLIAM R . C OE

D R. F REDERI CK A. COLLER\ VILLIAM A. COMSl"OCK

ALFRED B. CONNABLE, JR.DAVID S . C OONWILLARD M . C ORNELI USC LARK C . COULTER

VERNER 'V. CRANEWILLIAM W . C RAPOMILO H. CRAWI'ORD

A LL EN CROWWILLIAM B. CUDLJ PS ELDE N B . D AUM E

ALEXANDER DAVIDSON, JR.D R. R USSELL D E J ONGC HARLES F. D ELBRIDGEMRS. WARD A . D ETWILERF RED G . DEWEYSELDEN S. DICKINSON

H AROLD D UCHARM E

R AYMOND K. DYKEMA

H OWARD H . EAVENSON

E DWARD EBERSTAOT & SONS

OTTO E. ECKERT

J OliN W. EDWARDS

M RS. HERBERT C . ELY

H ENRY T . EWALD

CHARLES E . F EINBERG

D EXTER M. FERRY, J R.

DR. JOSEPH E. FIEUlS

THE CLEMENTS LIBRARY ASSOCIATES(as of Februar y 1 2 , 1948)

G EORGE R. FINK BENJAMIN H. L O" Gl\JRS. HARRY S. T HOMAS G. L ONG

FINKENSTAEDT CLIFFORD B. LoNGLEYJAMES C LE MENTS ALBERT E . LOWNES

FINK EN STAEOT G ERA LD McCoyDR. O . O . F ISH ER E DWARD E. l\hcCRONEJAMES FLINN JOliN W . McEAcHRENFLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY ·D R. A RTIIUR B. MCGRAWMRS. EDSEL B. FORD THEODORE MCGRAWHANNAH DUSTIN FRENCH N EI L C . M cMATH

DR. H UGO A . FREUND R OBERT R . McMATHH . H . F RISINGER D UNC'.AN J. McNABBEssON M . G ALE AN URt-:w"L. MALOTTD R. ROBERT W. G ILLMAN GEORGE W . M ASON

L AWRENCE H . G , PSON D R. & MRS. JOHN G .E . M AY GOODRICH MATEERC HARLES E. G OODSPEED FRED C . MATTHAEI

MICHAEL GORMAN J OII" S . M AYFIELDE VERETT D . GRAFF D R. FRANK R . M EN AGHM RS. GRAHAM]. GKAILUI M ARK N . MENNELB EN GRAUER F ATII ER CHARLES METZGER,ALBERT H . GREENLY S .].EDWARD T . G USHEE DONALD C. MILLER

C . HENRY H ABERKORN, JR. MR. & MRS. W,LSON W.RICHARD W . HALE MILLS

ALVIN C. HAMER M RS. F. B. M INER

LATHROP C. HARPER G ILB ERT H. MONTAGUEGALEN C. HARTMAN K ENN ETII L. MOORE

MRS. .J. R . HAYDEN EDGAR M . MORSMAN, JR.CIIRlSTIAN H. HECKER J OSEI'1l J. MORSMANJ . JOSEPH H ERBERT H OWARD S . MOTT

JOSEPH L. HICKEY M RS. J AMES O . M URFI NB ENJ AMIN D . HI'I"Z H. G RAY Muzzy

JAMES S. H OI.DEN D R. R EED M. N ESBIT

W . J. HOLUDAY J OliN S . NEWBERRY, JR.MRS. H . S. H OLMES MRS. J OliN S. NEWBERRY.JOliN H . HOWE LL RA LPII G . NEWMAN

WRIGHT H OW ES H E NRY L. N EWNAN. J. L . H UDSON & C O. WILLI AM NEWNAN

C LAIR B . H UGHES M ARVI N L . NIEH USS

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G EORGE E . PARKER, J R.JAMES HAZEN HYDE D R. GROVER C. PENBERTHYL. B. HYDE IELLA M. HYMANS STUART H. 'ERRY

JAMES I NGLIS CARL H. PFORZHEIMER

W. A. P . J OH N H. LYNN PIERSON

M RS. H ENRY B . J OY JOSEPH W . PLANCKMRS. A LBERT KAli N MILLER H . PONTI US

E R.'iEST KANZLER G . D. P OPE

M R. &: M RS. S mRKEL KAsLE J OlIN H . POWELL

W. K . KELSEY E UGENE B. P OWERD AVID W. K ENDALL B. H . P UTNAM

DR. CHARLES S . KENNEDY D R. L AW RENCE REYNOLDS

1\1. K ERSHNER W ARNER G . RICEW ILLARD E. KING ARMIN RICKEL

STANLEY S. K RESGE D R. H ERMA N H. RIECKERM RS. B ELI.A C. LANDAUER

,. J DR. J AM ES M . ROBBVICTOR H . '--"NE, R. E RWILLIAM G. LERCHEN F RAN K . OBBIN SEDWIN C. LEWIS TIIOMAS B . ROBERTS

CHARLES H. L 'HoMMEDlEU DOUGI.AS ROBYS. R. LIVI NGSTONE W ILI.IAM A. C . ROETIIKE

EDWARD S. R OGERS

A . S . W . R OSENBACH

DR. FRAh'CIS F. R OSENBAUMALEXA"DER G . R UTHVENR OB ERT P . SCHERERM RS. GILM ORE G . SC RANTONSEVE.N GABLES BOOKSH OP

ALFR.ED M, S HEARER

JAMES SHEARER, IIM RS. MARIE L. D . S IIt:ARERR. P. SHORTSKIM S IGLER

C IIARLES A . S INK

MRS. ROSWELL M. S KEELCLARE"CE O . S KINN ERH ENRY S. SL YFI ELDS IDNE Y R. S M ALL

H AL H . S M ITH, J R.M RS. HAL H. S MI THYATES G. S M ITHT HO M AS .M . S PAULDIro'C

PAUL M . SPURLINSTEPHEN T. STACKPO LE

DR. HUGH STALKERT HO MAS I. S TARRL ESLIE I. STEINBACH

HENR Y STEVEN S

THOMAS W . STREETERADAM STROHMARTHUR SWANNDONALD N. SWEENEY

ROBERT H. TANNAHILLWINFIELD W. T HO MASLAWRENCE S. T HOMPSONCLEVELAND THURn ERR OLAND T REE

GEORGE H . T WENEY

CARL VAN D ORE NTHERON V AND USEN\ V ILUAM VAND YKEWILLIAM A . V AWTER, IIWILLIAM A . V AWTER, III

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P AUL W . V OORH EIS

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STUART S. WALL

MRS. B ENJAMIN S. WARREN

HERBERT G. WATKI NS

JAMES K. WATKINS

JOHN W . WATLING

PALMER W .H1..ING

VINCL"~'T \VEADOCK

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RICHARD H. W EIIBER

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J USTIN R . WHlTI"GDR. JOHN \\'. WHOLIHAN

i\IERUN WILEY

R OBERT L . WILLIAMS

ARTHUR W . WI NTER

M RS. FRANCES WOOD

RICHARD S. WORMSER

EDWARD P ULTENEY WRIGHT

FRED M. ZEDER