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1LING 2301
Present-Day English (pp. 167 – 168) 1844 First Telegraph line used b/t Washington and Baltimore
1865 Atlantic cable completed
1870 Compulsory Education in Britain
(led to leveling of dialects and slowed down the pace of linguistic change)
1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
1877 Edison invents the phonograph
1899 First magnetic sound recordings
1903 Orville and Wilber Wright make the first successful flight
1914–1918 WWI
1921 British Broadcasting Corporation founded (BBC)
1925 John Logi Baird transmits a picture of a human face via television
1927 Charles Lindberg – first “nonstop” transatlantic flight
1929 First use of teleprinters and teletypewrighters
First scheduled TV broadcast in NY
1936 BBC London television service begins
1939–1945 WWII
1942 First computer developed in the US
1947 Transistor invented at Bell Labs
1951 Color TV introduced into USA
1968 Intelsat communication satellite launched.
2LING 2301
PDE varies very little from EME.
Remnants of the previous case system are limited to the
pronouns (I, me, he, him, she, her… the shift from
whom to who is currently underway as in "To whom did
you send the letter?" vs. "To who did you send the
letter")
Currently uses more comparatives and superlatives than
inflectional ones (for instance shift to more & most over
–er & –est) or even double forms the most coolest… .
3LING 2301
New words in PDE
New words (neologisms) – or uses of old words for a
new idea are formed for all kinds of reasons:
kingon – an unexplained icon that appears on a computer
screen
mickey – the unit of measuring a computer mouse distance –
.005 inch
shareware
crippleware – demo software that lacks the full features
netpreneur – internet entrepreneur
Others?
4LING 2301
PDE affixation
using affixes in more productive manner
un– un-American, un-English, un-freedom
–ee franchis-ee, contract-ee…
–ize burglarize
(From the verb to burgle which was a backformation
of the older noun burglar by analogy with the –er
(one who does) suffix)
regularize, hospitalize
5LING 2301
PDE Borrowing
Current changes between EMW and PDE are
mostly in the lexicon. Much of this is due to
developments of scientific–technological
vocabulary and the rapid progress of
computer/communications technology.
Some borrowing from Japanese (e.g. karaoke,
hibachi, etc.)
6LING 2301
More focused on Global society: In late 1800s and early 1900 in Britain, the Agricultural
Revolution as well as Technological Revolution brought people off the farms and out of rural life into the cities(as few as 22% lived in rural areas by 1911). The new call was for factory workers and prompted
urbanization.
While urbanization "promotes diversity" it also brings cultures and language varieties in to contact leading to "uniformity".
As people come together they tend to accommodate to one another, developing compromise forms of behavior (including language) in order to maximize intelligibility and to achieve the greatest amount of social acceptance by those to whom they are speaking.
Increased communications and social mobility also have the impact of helping to standardize the language and development of rules of English grammar and usage.
7LING 2301
On to become a World Language
Two major forms of English today are American
English, and British English. However there are
also many others. Some 1st language speakers
(e.g. Australia, possibly India, Singapore) some
2nd (or more) e.g. Parts of Europe, Countries in
the South, East and West of Africa, China,
Korea, Japan, etc.
(More on that when we get to the Global language
section).