Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Present Passive SystemLatin 8
2018-2019
The Active VoiceThe subject performs the action:
Hercules kills the Hydra.
Herculēs Hydram interficit.(The subject verbs the direct object.)
(The nominative verbs the accusative.)
The Passive VoiceThe subject experiences the action:
The Hydra is killed by Hercules.
Hydra ab Hercule interficitur.(The subject is verbed by the “doer”).
(The nominative is verbed by the ablative of agent.)
Sg. Pl.1st -ō/-m -mus2nd -s -tis3rd -t -nt
Present Active Endings
Sg. Pl.1st -r -mur2nd -ris -minī3rd -tur -ntur
Present Passive Endings
Active vs. Passive VoiceThe active and passive versions of a sentence both
retain the same meaning.
The Hydra is killed by Hercules.Hercules kills the Hydra.
So what is the difference between the two?
Point of View!
Translating the Active Voice:The present system is all about incomplete action:
I love/ I am
loving.
You loved/ You were
loving.
He will love / He will be
loving
amō
amābās
amābit
Translating the Passive Voice:The present system is all about incomplete action:
I am loved/I am being
loved.
You were loved/ You were being
loved.
She will be loved.
amōr
amābāris
amābitur
Forming the Present Passive System1. Everything you know about the
active system still applies!
-Present stem
-1st/2nd - future bo/bi/bu
-Conjugations
-3rd/4th - future ham/eggs
2. There is only one step to change from active to passive:
Change the endings!
Pres. Singular Plural
1st amōr (I am loved) amāmur2nd amāris (You are loved) amāminī3rd amātur (S/he/it is loved) amanturImpf. Singular Plural
1st amābar (I was being loved)
amābāmur2nd amābāris amābāminī3rd amābātur amābanturFut. Singular Plural
1st amābor (I will be loved) amābimur
2nd amāberis amābiminī
3rd amābitur amābuntur
1) amō, amāre, amavī, amatus: to love
Pres. Singular Plural
1st habēor habēmur2nd habēris habēminī3rd habētur habenturImpf. Singular Plural
1st habēbar habēbāmur2nd habēbāris habēbāminī3rd habēbātur habēbanturFut. Singular Plural
1st habēbor habēbimur
2nd habēberis habēbiminī
3rd habēbitur habēbuntur
2) habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus: to hold, have, possess
Pres. Singular Plural
1st ducor ducimur2nd duceris duciminī3rd ducitur ducunturImpf. Singular Plural
1st ducēbar ducēbāmur2nd ducēbāris ducēbāminī3rd ducēbātur ducēbanturFut. Singular Plural
1st ducar ducēmur
2nd ducēris ducēminī
3rd ducētur ducentur
3rd) ducō, ducere, duxī, ductus: to lead
Pres. Singular Plural
1st capior capimur2nd caperis capiminī3rd capitur capiunturImpf. Singular Plural
1st capiēbar capiēbāmur2nd capiēbāris capiēbāminī3rd capiēbātur capiēbanturFut. Singular Plural
1st capiar capiēmur
2nd capiēris capiēminī
3rd capiētur capientur
3rd -io) capiō, capere, cepī, captus: to capture, seize
Pres. Singular Plural
1st audior audīmur2nd audīris audīminī3rd audītur audiunturImpf. Singular Plural
1st audiēbar audiēbāmur2nd audiēbāris audiēbāminī3rd audiēbātur audiēbanturFut. Singular Plural
1st audiar audiēmur
2nd audiēris audiēminī
3rd audiētur audientur
4th) audiō, audīre, audivī, auditus: to hear, listen
Pres. Singular Plural
1st laudōr (I am praised) laudāmur2nd laudāris (You are praised) laudāminī3rd laudātur (S/he/it is praised) laudanturImpf. Singular Plural
1st laudābar (I was being praised)
laudābāmur2nd laudābāris laudābāminī3rd laudābātur laudābanturFut. Singular Plural
1st laudābor (I will be praised) laudābimur
2nd laudāberis laudābiminī
3rd laudābitur laudābuntur
1st) laudō, laudāre, laudavī, laudatus: to praise
Pres. Singular Plural
1st vincor vincimur2nd vinceris vinciminī3rd vincitur vincunturImpf. Singular Plural
1st vincēbar vincēbāmur2nd vincēbāris vincēbāminī3rd vincēbātur vincēbanturFut. Singular Plural
1st vincar vincēmur
2nd vincēris vincēminī
3rd vincētur vincentur
3rd) vincō, vincere, vicī, victus: to conquer
Pres. Singular Plural
1st ferior ferīmur2nd ferīris ferīminī3rd ferītur feriunturImpf. Singular Plural
1st feriēbar feriēbamur2nd feriēbaris feriēbaminī3rd feriēbatur feriēbanturFut. Singular Plural
1st feriar feriēmur
2nd feriēris feriēminī
3rd feriētur ferientur
4th) feriō, ferīre, ferivī, feritus: to strike