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8/18/2019 Presentation Advocacy Policy-Brief
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Overview
. resen a on s s
II. Advocacy
1Arben Hajrullahu
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I. Presentation skills
Few advices on preparation of a presentation
Take into consideration:
1. Who is the audience?
•Interest
•Wishes
•Previous knowledge etc. of the listeners / public
2. What would you like to transmit to the listeners?
• Content
• Main assertions during presentation
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I. Presentation skills
continues Few advices on preparation of a presentation
Take into consideration:
3. Ordering as main element
• Take into consideration previous points and the
4. Compilation of presentation
• Compile the presentation on a spoken language
style (not on dialect!) as clear as possible in
order to be easily understandable by the
audience
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I. Presentation skills
continues Few advices on preparation of a presentation
Take into consideration:
5. Appearance and gesticulation
• The way the person is looking at the audience is
• Dress appropriate depending on the audience
• Different audience different styles, for example
the message can pass better if you dress
causally when your audience is youth the
power of identification: “the presenter looks
like us”
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I. Presentation skills
continues Few advices on preparation of a presentation
Take into consideration: continues
5. Appearance and gesticulation
• Take into consideration the cultural environment: , , ,
• Pay attention to the gesticulation, for instance do
not play with a pen that is noisy, do not make
strange movements, it can be very disturbing for
the audience
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I. Presentation skills
continues Few advices on preparation of a presentation
Take into consideration: continues
5. Appearance and gesticulation
• For people that get stressed during presentations,
in the public (placed in different locations) and
look at them regularly
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I. Presentation skills
Main points of the presentation:1. Reduction
• Reduce the content by focusing on the main
subject
2. Visual appearance • Shall content and emphasize the main subject
• Shall not have multi meanings
• Shall respect the perception manners of the
listeners, e.g.: letters shall have an adequate size,and shall not content confusing information or
other elements that may withdraw attention of
listeners7Arben Hajrullahu
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I. Presentation skills
Main points of the presentation:3. Dramaturgy
• Take into consideration moves that you do. During
presentation moves have to be coordinated
• Take into consideration difference between how to
respective subject by changing the tone of voice,
pauses between sentences, etc.
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I. Presentation skills
Main points of the presentation:3. Dramaturgy continues
• Take into consideration short summaries of what it
is said during presentation and not only what is
said at the end
presentation points in from of you, whatever you
say order in general context and do not forget to
explain briefly the program of presentation, etc.
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I. Presentation skills
Main points of the presentation:4. „Hand-out”
• Prepare for each participant a handout, an
overview, of main points or at least present the
content in the table in order to follow easily the
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I. Presentation skills
Ordering / Structure of presentation
II. Main points of presentation
1. Logical ordering – create an logical structure
2. During presentation always try to make clear
subject you present
3. Emphasize the essential content on rhetorical
way with visual means
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I. Presentation skills
Ordering / Structure of presentation
III. Conclusion
1. Summarize the content and main assertions
2. Dependent from type and place of the ,
appeal, make clear conclusions, etc.
3. Acknowledge listeners
4. If required open discussion and give opportunityfor questions etc.
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II. Advocacy
To advocate for a policyHow to define public policy?
Key perspectives from the definitions:
• Authoritative government action
• Problem – Solution Relationship
• Addressing specific problems to achievesocietal goals (i.e. outcome-oriented)
• A course of action or strategy (goals, decisions
and means of achieving)
• Political (value–driven)
• Decision-making based on interactions amongstakeholders
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II. Advocacy
1. Problem Definition/ Agenda Setting
2. Constructing the Policy Alternatives/ Policy Formulation
6. Evaluation
The policy-making process
3.Choice of Solution/Selection of Preferred Policy Option
4. Policy Design
5. Policy Implementationand Monitoring
Figure 3.1 The Policy Cycle
Writing Effective Public Policy Papers, p.12
(Young and Quinn, 2002)
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II. Advocacy
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goal/objective of the network types of people/
organisations
Policy networks
II. Advocacy
o cy e wor
values/interests means of communication
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“to provide a comprehensive and
persuasive argument justifying the
Purpose of the policy paper
II. Advocacy
policy recommendations presented
in the paper and therefore, to act as
a decision-making tool and a call toaction for the target audience”.
Writing Effective Public Policy Papers, p.18
(Young and Quinn, 2002)
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Strategic communication model for advocacy
Move to action
II. Advocacy
Persuade
Inform
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Policy papers used in the policy-making process
Type of Policy Paper
►
Areas of Difference▼
Policy Study Policy Brief Policy Memo
Audience Targets other policyspecialists
Targets decision-
makers
Targets a broad audience
of stakeholders
Focus Issue-driven: Broadrecommendations and
analysis of policy issues
Audience-driven: Specific
policy message designed
to convince keystakeholders
Audience-driven: Specific
policy message designed
to convince keystakeholders
II. Advocacy
Adapted from: Writing Effective Public Policy Papers,
p.20 (Young and Quinn, 2002)
Context of
use
Dissemination and
debate on results of
policy research, informs
the policy brief
Used for advocating
and lobbying
purposes
Used for advocacy and
lobbying and to encourage
stakeholders to read
further. (e.g. brief)
Methodology Can include muchprimary research
Rarely includes
primary research
Rarely includes
primary research
Ideas/ Language used
Can be quite disciplinespecific/technical Must be very clear and simple
Must be very clear and simple
Length Up to 60 pages Between 6 and 15pages
Up to 4 pages
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Common structural elements of the policy study
Title
Table of contents
Abstract/Executive summary
Introduction
II. Advocacy
Policy study
Policy options
Conclusion and recommendations
Appendices
Bibliography
EndnotesWriting Effective Public Policy Papers, p.22
(Young and Quinn, 2002)
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Variation in types of policy papers by policy analysts
Academic/Researcher Advocate
Objective Normative(value-driven)
II. Advocacy
Research about policyResearch for policydecision-making
• ResearchPaper
• Policy Brief
• Policy Memo
• Policy Study
• Policy Brief
• Policy MemoFocus on reporting
research
Focus on reporting
problem-solution based
on research findings
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Making decisions & generating evidence for your
policy studyKey Elements of a
policy study
Problem description
Policy options
Steps in policy analysis
1. Define the Problem
2. Assemble Some
Evidence
II. Advocacy
ramewor o
analysis
Evaluation of policyoptions
Conclusion andrecommendations
Alternatives
4. Select the Criteria
5. Project the Outcomes
6. Confront the Tradeoffs7. Decide!
8. Tell Your Story 23Arben Hajrullahu
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Common structural elements of Policy study and
policy brief
Policy study Policy Brief
Title Title
Table of contents
Abstract/Executive summary Executive summary
II. Advocacy
Introduction
Problem description Context and importance of the problem
Policy options Critique of policy option(s)
Conclusion and recommendations Policy recommendations
Appendices Appendices
Bibliography Sources consulted or recommended
Endnotes
24Arben Hajrullahu