Presentation at the Meeting to Commemorate the UN International Anticorruption Day

ENGAGEMENT OF CITIZENS AND CIVIL SOCIETY TO ENHANCE PUBLIC SECTOR

ACCOUNTABILITY AND COUNTER CORRUPTION

Presentation at the Meeting to Commemorate the UN International Anticorruption Day

Organized by the Alliance of NGOs on Crime Prevention & Criminal Justice

Roberto VillarrealChief, Development Management Branch

Division for Public Administration and Development ManagementUnited Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

New York City, 8 December 2011

ORGANIGRAM

“We take note of the lessons learned and successful policies and approaches in the implementation and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and recognize that with increased political commitment these could be replicated and scaled up for accelerating progress, including by: (…)(e) Supporting participatory, community-led strategies aligned with national development priorities and strategies;(f) Promoting universal access to public and social services and providing social protection floors; (g) Improving capacity to deliver quality services equitably;(h) Implementing social policies and programmes, including appropriate conditional cash-transfer programmes, and investing in basic services for health, education, water and sanitation; (i) Ensuring the full participation of all segments of society, including the poor and disadvantaged, in decision-making processes; (…) (l) Enhancing opportunities for women and girls and advancing the economic, legal and political empowerment of women;(n) Working towards transparent and accountable systems of governance at the national and international levels;

UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION A/RES/65/1: KEEPING THE PROMISE: UNITED TO ACHIEVE THE

MDGsGA MILENNIUM DECLARATION

AND MDGs

PUBLIC GOVERNANCE

http://www.UNPAN.org/DPADM/ 3

PEOPLE GOVERNMENT

COMMUNITIESCIVIC

ASSOCIATIONS

CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS

CITIZENS GROUPS

SOCIAL NETWORKS

COOPERATIVES

LABOR UNIONS

PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

POLITICAL PARTIES

INDUSTRAL CHAMBERS

MULTI-STAKEHOLDERS ORGANIZATIONS

MEDIA

UNIVERSITIES AND THINK TANKS

EXECUTIVE, ADMINISTRATION

JUICIARY

MINISTRIES

SUPREME AUDITING

CONGRESS

CENTRAL BANK

HUMAN RIGHTS OMBUDSMAN

CONSUMER PROTECTION

ANTICORRUPTION AGENCY

ESC

SOE

(1) STAKEHOLDERS (2) SUBSTANTIVE MATTER (3) INSTITUTIONS (4) ENABLING CONDITIONS

TAXES AND PERSONAL DUTIES

PUBLIC GOODS(RULE OF LAW, JUSTICE

ADMINISTRATION, SECURITY, DEFENSE,

PUBLIC HEALTH, SUSTAINABLE

ENVIRONMENT, MONETARY AND

TECHNICAL STANDARDS, FINANCIAL STABILITY….)

PUBLIC SERVICES(CORE PUBLIC

ADMINISTRATION SERVICES,

INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES, SOCIAL

SERVICES)

LEADERSHIP, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, EMPOWREMENT OF CITIZENS, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, TRANSPARENCY,

ICT


ACCOUNTABILITY : DIVERSE MODES

DEMOCRATIC ACCOUNTABILITYHIERACHICAL ACCOUNTABILITY

INTERNAL AUDITINGOFFICIAL AUDITING

SUPREME AUDITING DIRECT ACCOUNTABILITY TO CITIZENS

COUNTRY LEVELGOVERNMENT, PUBLIC SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR

AND SOCIETY

TOP

S1 SNS2 AUD E1 En

IA

IA

IA

IA

EXECUTIVE CITIZENS AND CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS

TOP

LU

RS R

AUD

LEGISLATURE

S

A TASK-FOCUSED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE MINDED VIEWON THE IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICES (FOR

DISCUSSION)ANTI-CORRUPTION:

PREVENTION OR ERADICATION OF:


• Illegitimate exclusion of non-State producers (deviations in granting exclusive production rights: concessions, permits, licenses, etc, .)• Illegitimate acquisitions and spending and illegitimate (non-) collection of deliveries (deviations in expenditures and collections of service fees)• Illegitimate taxation (bribes)

• Illegitimate control (tolerance or protection of wrong or criminal acts or conducts, even if no tangible economic dimensions are in the forefront), e.g., incompetence, malpractice, unethical behavior, low respect for clients, etc.)

USE

RS,

CIT

IZEN

S,

GR

ASS

RO

OTS

CSO

s

TRA

DIT

ION

AL

GO

VER

NM

ENT

OR

GA

NS,

H

IGH

-LEV

EL C

SOs

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE (HYPOTHESIS: SPATIAL, SKILLS,

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE)

TO WHOM

(?)

ALL

USE

RS

AN

D C

ITIZ

ENS

HA

VEs

HA

VE N

OTs

…

…

NEED FOR MORE EFFECTIVE POLICIES?

INSTRUMENTS (EXAMPLES)

• Investigations

• Auditing

• Inspections

• Multi-stakeholder-Boards

• Civic observatories and councils• Ombusdmen•Reporting systems• Hearings, meetings

FRM

AL

INFO

RM

AL

HOW DO FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS WORK TOGETHER?

FOR DELIBERATION AND ANALYSIS

Do these comparative advantages exist?

Are both approaches complementary to each other?

Are there undesirable duplications of functions or other negative effects?

Can an effective and efficient combination of the two approaches be attained, and in case, how?


USE

RS,

CIT

IZEN

S,

GR

ASS

RO

OTS

CSO

s

TRA

DIT

ION

AL

GO

VER

NM

ENT

OR

GA

NS,

H

IGH

-LEV

EL C

SOs

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE (HYPOTHESIS: SPATIAL, SKILLS,

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE)

FINAL REMARKS The Development Management Branch (DMB) looks forward to conclude

by the end of 2011 a publication covering issues of interest for all UN Member States on “Accountability and Eradication of Corruption for Fostering Development : Engagement of Citizens.”

Different activities will be pursued in this regard:– Analytical and research efforts

• Concepts• Indicators

– A number of international meetings with experts and practitioners• For knowledge sharing and capacity building

– A global knowledge base on auditing and accountability and eradication of corruption for development will be constructed, as part of the UN Public Administration Country Studies database (UNPACS)

• To systematically gather, organize and publicly offer information on every UN Member State on their legal and institutional framework, and on good practices

– Laws, institutions, organization models» Institutions for citizens engagement

It is expected that these efforts will effectively contribute to the intergovernmental process of the United Nations

• Declarations, resolutions, guidelines All participants are welcome to cooperate with DMB in these matters

7

FINAL REMARKS

The Division for Public Administration and Development Management, functions as Secretariat to the United Nations Public Service Awards

– In 2011, in cooperation with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, a new category was inaugurated on prevention of corruption

– For most information see: www.unpan.org

8

END OF PRESENTATION

ANNEXES


DPADM AND DMB IN THE UN SECRETARIAT

BACK

MILLENNIUM DECLARATION

• Development encompasses a considerable large array of matters, so to focus attention and concentrate efforts from relevant actors in a set of very fundamental ones, the Millennium DeclarationMillennium Declaration adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2000, highlighted the following and set corresponding targets for the year 2015 to guide adequate progress

(continued…)

MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND TARGETS (1)

Goal 1 End Poverty and HungerGoal 1 End Poverty and Hunger• Target 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people

whose income is less than $1 a day• Target 2: Achieve full and productive employment and decent

work for all, including women and young people• Target 3: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people

who suffer from hunger

Goal 2 Achieve Universal Primary EducationGoal 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education• Target 1: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls

alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

Goal 3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower WomenGoal 3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women• Target 1: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary

education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015


Goal 4 Reduce Child MortalityGoal 4 Reduce Child Mortality• Target 1: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-

five mortality rate

Goal 5 Improve maternal HealthGoal 5 Improve maternal Health• Target 1: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio• Target 2: Achieve universal access to reproductive health

Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other DiseasesGoal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases• Target 1: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of

HIV/AIDS• Target 2: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for

HIV/AIDS for all those who need it• Target 3: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of

malaria and other major diseases


Goal 7 Ensure Environmental SustainabilityGoal 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability

• Target 1: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

• Target 2: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss

• Target 3: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

• Target 4: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

Goal 8 Develop a Global Partnership for DevelopmentGoal 8 Develop a Global Partnership for Development

• Target 1: Address the special needs of least developed countries, landlocked countries and small island developing states

• Target 2: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system

• Target 3: Deal comprehensively with developing countries’ debt

• Target 4: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries

• Target 5: In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications


GO BACK

END OF ANNEXES


Documents

Presentation at the Meeting to Commemorate the UN International Anticorruption Day