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The Power of Self-Discovery: Using Psychometric Profiles to Enhance Personal and Professional Development of Black Students
College Graduation Rates: Where Black Students Do the Best and Where They Fare Poorly Compared to Their White Peers
• Black enrollments in higher education are at an all-time high.
• But nationwide the black student college graduation rate remains dismally low, at a level of about 45 percent.
• The racial climate at some colleges and universities can affect black persistence and graduation rates.
• If black students do not feel welcome or if they experience any sort of racial harassment or discrimination, they will likely drop out of that particular institution.
• Many black students who enroll in college are not adequately prepared for college.
College Graduation Rates: Where Black Students Do the Best and Where They Fare Poorly Compared to Their White Peers
• Many black students come from families that have no tradition of higher education.
• The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (JBHE) has found more than 80 colleges and universities where the black graduation rate is at least 25 percent points lower than the graduation rate of white students.
• At six colleges and universities the racial gap is more than 40 percent points.
*Source: The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (2010). Retrieved January 25, 2010, from http://jbhe.com/features/65_gradrates.html
The Labor Market Perceptions of Blacks• In today’s service-based economy, employers often
emphasize a preference for soft skills, creating potential for bias in workplace decisions.
• Soft skills include an array of employee characteristics that are subjectively evaluated by employers.
• According to the American Sociological Association (ASA), employers perceive black men (whether or not they actually interview them) as having limited soft skills but rather are perceived as intimidating, hostile and defensive.
make race and ethnicity significant factors in determining workplace opportunities.
• Indirect barriers to promotion include limited opportunities for mentoring relationships, less effective training opportunities, and employer and supervisor bias in evaluation procedures.
Characteristics of Soft Skills
• How individuals look and dress.
• Their manner of speaking.
• Whether they are perceived to be team players.
• Perceived motivations, cheerfulness, and interpersonal skills.
• Perceived ability to represent the organization
*Source: Race, Ethnicity, and the American Labor Market: What’s at Work. (2005). The American Sociological Association.
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Insights Discovery An Introduction
Beginning the Journey …
Insights Discovery
• Insights Discovery is a preference-based system with its foundations in the work of Dr. Carl Jung.
• The Insights Discovery learning system identifies four color energies – Cool Blue, Earth Green, Sunshine Yellow and Fiery Red- and presents these on the Insights Discovery Wheel.
• Using color as a common language for self-understanding, effective interaction, and organizational growth, it is assumed that individuals use these colors energies to varying degrees.
• The preference for one or more color energies will indicate a dominant or preferred style of thinking, working and communicating.
Our Approach – The Insights Discovery Framework• Understand Self: To develop an understanding of self and
how one may be seen by others, to recognize personal strengths and weaknesses and identify individual areas for development.
• Understand Others: To recognize others behavioral style and learn how to respond effectively to other’s needs.
• Adapt and Connect: To adapt personal style and behavior in order to connect more effectively with others and meet the needs--
of others by understanding their personal needs better and by acting on those needs. To learn how to connect powerfully.
• Take Action: To explore effective strategies in dealing with different people or colleagues, and to realize the benefits of a team approach.
Your Individual Profiles
Insights Discovery Personal Profile• The Insights Discovery Personal Profile is a personal
development tool which gives individuals an engaging, reinforcing and transformational insight into themselves and others.
• To receive this profile, individuals complete the 25-frame evaluator
• The 20-40+ page output helps recipients gain a detailed understanding of their personal style, and how this impacts on their relationships in both personal and professional environments. This profile illustrates how recognizing differences can empower individuals, teams and organizations.
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Insights Discovery Personal Profile• The Insights Discovery Personal Profile consists of
maximally 5 Chapters:
1.Foundation Chapter
2.Management Chapter
3.Effective Selling Chapter
4.Personal Achievement Chapter
5.Interview Chapter
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Your Individual Profiles
• The Foundation Chapter is the bedrock on which all Insights workshops and/or coaching sessions are built on.
• It enables participants to gain an overview of their personality and experience their first 'ah ha' moments as they recognise themselves in the profile
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Your Individual Profiles
Includes sections about: Personal StyleInteracting With OthersDecision MakingStrengths and WeaknessesCommunicationBlind SpotsOpposite TypeSuggestions for Development
Discovery Learning Guide – The Insights Discovery Profile – Section 1.1
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Your Individual Profiles
• Forms an integral part of any Leadership or Management Development Programme
• Enables Managers to explore their own style, the style of those they manage, and the style of their own manager
• Is an excellent tool to be used within a coaching conversation with leaders
Discovery Learning Guide – The Insights Discovery Profile – Section 1.2
Your Individual Profiles
The Insights Discovery Profile –
Management Chapter
• Includes sections about:Ideal EnvironmentMotivatingManagingManagement Style
Your Individual Profiles
The Insights Discovery Profile
Effective Selling Chapter
• Invaluable for any individual looking to sell or influence more effectively
• Explores individual preferences at each stage of the sale from preparation to follow-through
• Excellent for inclusion in a sales development or influencing skills programme and/or as a coaching tool
Your Individual Profiles
The Insights Discovery Profile – Effective Selling Chapter
•Includes sections about: Selling style Before the Sale Begins Identifying Needs Proposing Handling Buying Resistance Gaining Commitment Follow up and Follow Through Sales Preference Indicators
Your Individual Profiles
The Insights Discovery Profile
Personal Achievement Chapter
• A natural next step to the Foundation Chapter
• Explores key personal development topics including creativity and goal setting
• Chapter can be used as an integral part of a Personal Effectiveness Programme and/or individual sections can be selected to support development in specific topics
• Excellent coaching tool to support individual development plans
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Your Individual Profiles
The Insights Discovery
Profile – Personal
Achievement Chapter
• Includes sections about:Living on PurposeLife and Time ManagementPersonal CreativityLife Long Learning
Discovery Learning Guide – The Insights Discovery Profile – Section 1.4
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Insights System
• Look at your position on the Insights Wheel in your Discovery Profile
• Also look at your Insights Color Dynamics page
• There are three bar charts –
• top left, top right and a central graph
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.8
The Discovery Color Dynamics Graphs • Conscious Graph, Less Conscious Graph
and Preference Flow
• Conscious and Less Conscious Graphs
• Colors above the line are visible to others and used competently in behavior with others
• Colors below the line we may be reluctant to use and our use of them may appear less “polished”
• The Preference Flow:
• Arrows going up indicate an effort to increase use of that color energy
• Arrows going down indicate a holding back
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Graph I – the Conscious Persona
• That part of the personality where private and public meet and interact
• Where who we are interacts with who we are expected to be The ‘Persona’ was a mask
worn by actors in Ancient Greece to convey the
personality of the part they were playing.
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.8
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Graph II – the Less Conscious Persona
• The more instinctive “you”
• The “you” when you are not controlling the way you present yourself to the world
The Less Conscious you -
your ‘shoes-off’ self.
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.8
What do Your Colors Say to You? • There is a unique individual and
many different stories behind each graph
• Subjective interpretation brings the real awareness of self and others
Look beyond the graphs
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Your Preference Flow The Preference Flow Graph (middle graph)
• The degree to which the public persona (who you see yourself to be) (Graph I) moves you from your more instinctive “you” (Graph II)
• Determines which preferences are currently having an impact on your work style and which are having less
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.8
The Discovery Wheel
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Energies and Types Within The Insights Wheel
The Focused Types
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.9
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Energies and Types Within The Insights Wheel
Focused Insights Types
• One energy in conscious inclined usage
• 3% of total population
• Further to the edge, the larger the shadow
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.9
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Energies and Types Within The Insights Wheel
The Classic Types
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.9
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Energies and Types Within The Insights Wheel
Classic Insights Types
• Two energies in conscious inclined usage
• 54% of total population
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.9
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Energies and Types Within The Insights Wheel
Accommodating Types
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.9
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Energies and Types Within The Insights Wheel
Accommodating Insights Types
• Three energies in conscious inclined usage
• 43% of total population
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.9
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Energies and Types Within The Insights Wheel
• No position on the wheel is better than any other.
• Each position offers unique gifts and strengths.
• Every position on the wheel is capable of adapting and connecting.
Whoam I?
Your Insights Journey of Awareness and Discovery
Your Colour Mix
We each have all four colour
energies within us; it is the
combination of the four energies that creates the
unique YOU.
Your Colour Mix
CompetitiveDemandingDeterminedStrong-willedPurposeful
SociableDynamicDemonstrativeEnthusiasticPersuasive
CaringEncouraging
SharingPatient
Relaxed
CautiousPrecise
DeliberateQuestioning
Formal
The Four Discovery Colour Energies
Cool BlueShowing no bias
ObjectiveDetachedAnalytical
Fiery RedPositiveAffirmativeBoldAssertive
StillTranquilCalming
Soothing
EarthGreen
CheerfulUpliftingSpiritedBuoyant
SunshineYellow
On a bad day…
AggressiveControllingDrivingOverbearingIntolerant
ExcitableFranticIndiscreetFlamboyantHasty
DocileBland
PloddingReliant
Stubborn
StuffyIndecisive
SuspiciousCold
Reserved
The Four Discovery Colour Energies
Colorful “blurts”…
Using the color energies to develop a positive mental
attitude
Using the color energies to develop a positive mental
attitude
Colourful Steps to a Positive Mental Attitude
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Connect with your Cool Blue Energy
Ask Positive Questions
Colourful Steps to a Positive Mental Attitude
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Connect with your Earth Green Energy
Tell the Truth about Your Feelings
Colourful Steps to a Positive Mental Attitude
Connect with your Cool Blue Energy
Ask Positive Questions
Connect with your Sunshine Yellow EnergyPlay with Positive Metaphors
Colourful Steps to a Positive Mental Attitude
Connect with your Cool Blue Energy
Ask Positive Questions
Connect with your Earth Green Energy
Tell the Truth about Your Feelings
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Connect with your Fiery Red EnergyFocus your mind onsolutions, not problems
Colourful Steps to a Positive Mental Attitude
Connect with your Sunshine Yellow EnergyPlay with Positive Metaphors
Connect with your Cool Blue Energy
Ask Positive Questions
Connect with your Earth Green Energy
Tell the Truth about Your Feelings
Jung’s Preferences and the Color Energies
20
2020
Cool BlueCool Blue energy is the combination of the Introverted and Thinking preferences - producing a style that is task-focused, calm under pressure, thoughtful and objective.
Earth GreenEarth Green energy is the combination of the Introverted and Feeling preferences - resulting in an approach that favors depth, reflection, harmony and consensus.
Sunshine YellowSunshine Yellow energy
is the combination of the Extraverted and Feeling preferences – coupling
sociability and consideration for others
with being action-oriented and entertaining.
Fiery RedFiery Red energy is the
combination of the Extraverted and Thinking
preferences - enjoying high activity, working
with others, being logical and focusing on facts.
Psychological Preferences – An IntroductionJung talked about three pairs of preferences:
• Introversion and Extraversion
• the way we react to outer and inner experiences
• Thinking and Feeling
• how we make decisions
• Sensation and Intuition
• how we take-in and process information
“The predominance of one or other points of view depends less upon the objective behavior of things than upon the psychological attitude of the investigator and thinker.”– C. G. Jung ‘Nature of the Psyche’
Preferences – Introversion and Extraversion
Quiet Observant Inward focus Depth Intimate Reserved Reflective Thoughtful Cautious
EnergeticInvolvedOutward
focusBreadth
QuickAction
orientedOutspoken
Bold
EXTRAVERSIONINTROVERSION
"The extravert orients himself predominantly by the outward, collective norms of his times, etc. The attitudes
of the introverted, on the other hand, are determined
mainly by subjective factors"
– Jolande Jacobi, 1962
Attitude: Expressing our Energies
20
2020
INT
RO
VE
RS
ION
EX
TR
AV
ER
SIO
N
EXTRAVERSION
Talkative
Involved
Gregarious
Flamboyant
Outspoken
Bold
Action
Breadth
Outward Focus
INTROVERSION
Quiet
Observant
Thoughtful
Intimate
Reserved
Cautious
Reflective
Depth
Inward Focus
“I call the two types rational or judging types because they are
characterised by the supremacy of the reasoning and judging
functions.”
– C. G. Jung, Psychological Types
Thinking and Feeling: Jung’s Rational Functions
Formal, Impersonal, Analytical, Detached, Objective Strong-minded, Competitive, Correct, Task, Systems,
Informal, Personal, Considerate, Involved, Subjective, Caring,
Accommodating, Harmonious, Relationships, Morale
Feeling Preference
Thinking Preference
FormalDetached
Competitive
ImpersonalObjectiveCorrect
InformalConsiderate
Caring
PersonalInvolvedAccommodating
Focus on the Task
Focus on the RelationshipFEELING
THINKING
Thinking and Feeling: Jung’s Rational Functions
20
2020
20
Sensation and Intuition: Jung’s Irrational Functions
Specific Present-oriented Realistic Persistent Down-to-earth Practical Precise Factual Step by step
GlobalFuture-
orientedImaginative
Catalytic Process
ConceptualPossibilities
AbstractIndirect
Generalities
IntuitionSensation
“Sensation perceives things as they are and not otherwise. Intuition also
perceives, but less through its capacity for unconscious ‘inner
perception’ of the inherent potentialities of things. "
– Jolande Jacobi, 1962
© Andrew Lothian, Insights, Dundee, Scotland, 2006. All rights reserved. INSIGHTS, INSIGHTS DISCOVERY and INSIGHTS WHEEL are registered Trade Marks.
Sensation and Intuition: Jung’s Irrational Functions
20
2020
SE
NS
AT
ION IN
TU
ITIO
N
INTUITION
Global
Concepts
Inspiration
Abstract
General
Indirect
Focus on the imagination and future potential
SENSATION
Specific
Practical
Precise
Factual
Security
Persistent
Focus on the realism and here
and now
Discovery Learning Guide – The Psychology of Self Understanding – Section 1.5
The Steps to Personal Effectiveness
Step 1
Explore and
discover more about
yourself
Step 2
Learn how to recognise and
appreciate others’ differences
Step 3
Learn how to adapt your
behaviour to interact more
effectively with othersStep 4
Take action and put
your learning into
practice
Perception
You will see the world differently
from the way other people
see it.
The Ladder of Perception
The event (as a camera
would capture it)
My perception
(selected data)
Value judgements I made
Interpretations and
meanings I gave
Logical conclusions I drew
Emotional and physical
responses
Beliefs I formed
Actions I took