Presentation _Forest & Wildlife Class X

8/4/2019 Presentation _Forest & Wildlife Class X

1/46

Design By: Parag Sir


2/46

Narak ! My Lord,you are the creator of musicin the world of Lepchas

Oh Narak ! My Lord, let me dedicate myself to

you.Let me gather your music from the springs,the rivers ,the mountains, the forests, theinsects and the animals.

Let me gather your music from the sweetbreeze and offer it to you .


3/46

Lepchas OR Rongpas (Sikkimese: ), are the aboriginal people ofSikkim, numbering 50,000. Many Lepcha are also found in westernand southwestern Bhutan, Tibet, Darjeeling, the Ilam District ofeastern Nepal and in the hills of West Bengal.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilam_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilam_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_language


4/46

The Rongs popularly known as the Lepchas live here. The wordLepcha, or Lapche means the people of vile speech and was acontemptuous appellation given to this tribe by the dominant Nepalese.

Amidst the idyllic backdrop of Mount Kenchenjungha, this tribe hasmanaged to create a perfect harmony with nature. Now manygenerations have passed and the place has changed radically. Theonce unexplored, uncharted territory inhabited by the amiable, peace-loving people has now seen the rise of an all-pervasive cosmopolitanculture.
http://www.himalayan-adventure.com/eco/nepali.htmhttp://www.himalayan-adventure.com/eco/nepali.htm


5/46

The Majesty of LifeWhen we say we want to save the planet, we use the word

"biodiversity" to encompass this entire concept - which, granted, is abig one.

Biodiversity: Life, the world, the variation of life for theentire globe.

Its a big idea with a long history.


6/46

Biodiversity found on Earth today consists of many millions of distinct biologicalspecies, the product of four billion years of evolution.

But the word Biodiversity itself is actually quite new.

"Biodiversity" was coined as a contraction of "biological diversity" in 1985.

A symposium in 1986, and the follow-up book BioDiversity (Wilson 1986), edited bybiologist E. O. Wilson, carved the way for common acceptance of the word andconcept.

And as politicians, scientists, and conservationists became more interested in thestate of the planet and the amazing complexity of life we became quite attached to thisnew word.

And why were we talking so much about Biodiversity?

Simple.

The world has begun, relatively recently, to lose speciesand habitats at an ever-increasing and alarming rate.

Why?

Because of us
http://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Papers-National-September-Washington/dp/0309037395http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._O._Wilsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._O._Wilsonhttp://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Papers-National-September-Washington/dp/0309037395


7/46

Definition from Textbook :

Biodiversity or Biological Diversity is immensely rich in wildlife andcultivated species, diverse in form and function but closelyintegrated in a system through multiple network ofinterdependencies .

The term Flora is used todenote plants of a particularregion or period .

The species of animals arereferred to as Fauna .


8/46

India is one of the worlds richest countries in

term of its vast array of biological diversity,andas

# Nearly 8 per cent of the total number ofspecies in the world.

# This is possibly twice or thrice the numberyet to be discovered .

Diverse flora and fuana are so well integratedin our daily life that we take these for granted .

They are under great stress mainly due toinsensitivity to our environment .


9/46

India estimates suggested that at least 10 % of Indias recorded wild flora and 20 %

of its mammals are on the threatened list .Many of these would now be categorised as critical, that is on the verge ofextinction ..

Over 81,000 species of fauna and 47,000 species offlora are found in this country so far ? Of estimated47,000 species , about 15,000 flowering species areendemic (indigenous) to India .

Do you know ?


10/46

Like.

Asiatic Cheetah Pink-headed Duck

Mountain Quail Forest spotted Owlet


11/46

Like

Madhuca insignis.

Hubbardia Heptaneuron


12/46

79 species of mammals , 44 of birds , 15 reptiles ,3 ofamphibians are threatened .Nearly 1500 plant species are consideredendangered .Extinction rate : estimated 50 to 100 times more thanaverage expected natural rate .

Do you know ?

Passenger Pigeon


13/46

Vanishing Forest ( Deforestration )

The dimension of deforestration in India are

staggering . The forest cover in the country is

estimated at 637,293 sq km, which is 19.39 %of totalgwographical area .

According the State of Forest Report(1999), the

dense forest cover has incresed by 10,098 sq km

since 1997,

Due to plantation by different agencies.. This report

does not differentiate between Natural Forest &

Palntations .


14/46

Based on the International Union for

Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources(IUCN)

Different categories of existing plants and animals


15/46

Normal Species

Species whose population levels areconsidered to be normal for theirsurvival such as cattle, sal , pinerodents .


16/46

Endangered Species

These are the species which are indanger of extinction. The survival ofsuch species is difficult if thenegative factors that have led todecline in their population continue tooperate. Examples


17/46


18/46

Vulnerable Species

These are the species whosepopulation has decline to levels fromwhere it is likely to move into theendangered category in the nearfuture if the negative factors continueto operate . Examples


19/46

Rare Species

Species with small population maymove into the endangered orvulnerable category if the negativefactors affecting then continue tooperate .. Examples


20/46


21/46

Extinct Species

These are the species which are not

found after known or likely areas wherethey may occur.

A species may be extinct from local area, region , country , continent or the entireearth .

Examples


22/46

Extinct Species

Endangered Species

Vulnerable Species

Normal Species

Rare Species Endemic Species

Based on the International Union for

Conservation of Nature and Natural

Resources(IUCN)

Different categories of existing plants and animals


23/46

The Asiatic Cheetah ("cheetah" from Hindict, derived from

Sanskrit word chitrakameaning "speckled") (Acinonyx jubatusvenaticus) is now also known as the Iranian Cheetah, as the world's

last few are known to survive mostly in Iran. Although recentlypresumed to be extinct in India, it is also known as the IndianCheetah. During British colonial times in India it was famous by thename of Hunting-Leopard,a name derived from the ones that werekept in captivity in large numbers by the Indian royalty to hunt wildantelopes with.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi


24/46

Tragedy of Asiatic Cheetah,Where did they go ?

: Photo of the last three Asiatic cheetahs (on record) shot dead in Surguja district,

Madhya Pradesh, Central India along with the Maharajah Ramanuj Pratap SinghDeo who reportedly shot them down at night as reported in the Journal ofBombay Natural History Society by his private secretary. The Asiatic Cheetah has

never been recorded in India after this.The last three Asiatic Cheetahs recorded from India were shot down by

Maharajah Ramanuj Pratap Singh Deo in Surguja, Madhya Pradesh, Central

India seen in this photo submitted by his private secretary to JBNHS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_the_Bombay_Natural_History_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_the_Bombay_Natural_History_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_India


25/46

What are the negative factors that cause such fearfuldepletion of the flora fauna ?

We have transformed nature into a resource obtaining

directly indirectly from forest and wildlife .wood,bark,leaves ,rubber ,medicines dyes

,food,fuel,fodder,manure etc.

So it is we ourselves who have depleted our wildlife andforest .

During colonial period- expansion of railway, agriculture ,mining commercialand scientific forest.

Between 1951 and 1980, according to the Forest Survey of India-over 26,00 sq.km. area converted into agricultural land.

Substantial parts of the tribal belts, especially in the north eastern andcentral India, have been deforested or degraded by shifting cultivation .


26/46

Large scale development projects .. 5000 sq km landcleared for river valley project .

Narmada Sagar Project 40,000 hectares of forest .

Mining is another important factor behind deforestation .

Wet Bengaldolomite mining. Problems _Habitat,Migration-Indian Elephant

Depletion of forest resources are grazing and fuel-wood

collection.


27/46

Taxus wallichiana(Himalayan Yew) isa species of yew, native to the Himalayafrom Afghanistan east to westernYunnan in southwestern China, at

altitudes from 2,0003,500 m.The HimalayanYew Taxus wallachianais a medicinal plant found in variousparts of Himachal Pradesh andArunachal Pradesh. A chemicalcompound called taxol is extracted fromthe bark, needles, twigs-exploitation. Inthe last one decade, thousands of yewtrees have dried up in various parts ofHimachal Pradesh and ArunachalPradesh.

Himalayan Yew
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species


28/46

Habitat distruction , hunting , poaching , over-exploitation,environmental pollution, poisoning and forest fires are factors .

Wildlife is under serious threat, that too, from man. Man is increasingly being a threat to thecreatures and has a big hand in making them extinct. Poaching of wildlife shows no sign to

budge. And with the ever-increasing hunt for animals, the list of endangered creatures is allthe time on the rise.Recent times have reported a spurt in poaching activity in the so-called guarded forests andbiosphere reserves, which are meant to be home for the wild creatures. Simlipal TigerReserve in Orissa reported killing of several creatures in March this year. Four poacherswere caught red-handed inside the reserve area following the incident. But shockingly, they

soon found themselves moving scot-free, as the local court found lack of evidence againstthem.However, the forest officials seized a gun, meat and heads of a mouse deer and a barkingdeer from their possession.N. K. Biswal, Range Officer, Katipada, said:-

At the spot, we seized a single barrelgun, cartridges, torchlight, animalmeat and heads. They were chargedunder penal section 51 Para 2, whichis a non-bailable offence and I havementioned it in the case records.


29/46

The destruction of forest and wildlife is not just abiological issue.The biological loss is stroglycorrelated with the loss of cultural diversity.

Such losses have increasingly marginalised andimpoverished many indigenous and other forest-dependent communities.

The list of poaching cases of major wild animals detected in various states during the last three years :Reported cases of Tiger Poaching:

19981999 2000 2001 2002 2003

14 38 39 35 47 8

Reported cases of Leopard Poaching :

19981999 2000 2001 2002 2003

28 80 201 69 87 15


30/46

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife In India

Project Tiger: Project Tiger, launched in 1973-74, is one of our most successfulconservation ventures in the recent times. The project aims at tigerconservation in specially constituted 'tiger reserves', which are representativeof various bio-geographical regions falling within our country. It strives tomaintain a viable tiger population in the natural environment.

An estimate of the tiger population in India, at the turn of the century, placedthe figure at 40,000. Subsequently, the first ever all India tiger census wasconducted in 1972 which revealed the existence of only 1827 tigers. Variouspressures in the later part of the last century led to the progressive decline of

wilderness, resulting in the disturbance of viable tiger habitats. At the IUCNGeneral Assembly meeting in Delhi, in 1969, serious concern was voicedabout the threat to several species of wildlife and the shrinkage of wildernessin the country. In 1970, a national ban on tiger hunting was imposed and in1972 the Wildlife Protection Act came into force. A 'Task Force' was then setup to formulate a project for tiger conservation with an ecological approach.


31/46

@ Tiger Habitat & Population Evaluation System for the Indian Sub Continent

A 'Tiger Atlas of India' and a 'Tiger Habitat & Population Evaluation System forthe country is being developed using the state- of - the - art technology.This involves:

1. Mapping , data acquisition and GIS modeling2. Field data collection and validation3. Data Maintenance , Dissemination and UseThe following potential tiger habitats in the country are being covered:>Shivalik-Terai Conservation Unit(Uttaranchal, UP, Bihar, West Bengal, Nepal)

>Nort east Conservation Unit>Sunderbans Conservation Unit>Central Indian Conservation Unit>Eastern Ghat Conservation Unit>Western Ghat Conservation Unit

. 17 1988-89 Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tamil Nadu 895 00


32/46

17 1988 89 Kalakad Mundanthurai Tamil Nadu 895.00

18 1989-90 Valmiki Bihar 840.00*

19 1992-93 Pench Madhya Pradesh 411.33

20 1993-94 Tadoba Andheri Maharashtra 625.82

21 1993-94 Bandhavgarh Madhya Pradesh 716.903

22 1994-95 Panna Madhya Pradesh 576.13

23 1994-95 Dampa Mizoram 500.00

24 1998-99 Bhadra Karnataka 492.46

25 1998-99 Pench Maharashtra 257.26

26 1999-2000 Pakke Arunachal Pradesh 683.45

27 1999-2000 Nameri Assam 200.00

28 1999-2000 Satpura Madhya Pradesh 1339.264

29 2008-09 Anamalai Tamil Nadu 958.00

30 2008-09 Udanti-Sitanadi Chhattisgarh 851.09

31 2008-09 Satkosia Orissa 523.61

32 2008-09 Kaziranga Assam 625.58

33 2008-09 Achanakmar Chhattisgarh 626.195

34 2008-09 Dandeli-Anshi Karnataka 814.884

35 2008-09 Sanjay-Dubri Madhya Pradesh 831.25*

36 2008-09 Mudumalai Tamil Nadu 321.00

37 2008-09 Nagarhole Karnataka 643.35

38 2008-09 Parambikulam Kerala 390.89

39 2009-10 Sahyadri Maharashtra Notification Awaited

Total 32137.14

* Not yet notified.


33/46


Conservation in the background of rapid decline in wildlife population and forest

become essential.

Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life supportive systems-water,air and soil.Conservation also preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals forbetter growth of species and breeding .

Eg- In agriculture - using traditional varieties, Fisheries-maintenace of aquaticbiodiversity .

In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a

national wildlife protection programme and laws.

The Indian Wildlife(Protection) Act,1972 was implemeted ,with various provisions for protecting wildlife and habitats.

An all India list of protected species are published.


34/46



35/46


wildlife sanctuaries

Tiger, One horned rhinoceros, Kashmirstag(hangul, Crocodiel and Gharial,Asiatic Lion,Thegreat Indian Bustard,Black buck,Indian Elephant etc.


36/46


The Conservation Projects are now focusing on

biodiversity rather than few of its components.There is now more intensive search for differentconservation measures.Even insects are beginning to find a place inconservation planning.Notification Under Wildlife Act of 1980,1986,1991Butterfly, Moths , Beetles, dragonfly and six plantsspecies have been added.


37/46

Types and Distribution of Forest & Wildlife..

In India, much of its forest and wildlife resources are eithermanaged by the government through the Forest Department

or Other Government Department.They are classified under following categories


38/46

Types and Distribution of Forest & Wildlife..

(i) Reserved Forests :- More than half of the total forest land has beendeclared Reserve Forests. Reserve Forest are regarded as the most

valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resourcesconcerned .

(ii) Protected Forests:- Almost one-third of total area is protected forest, asdeclared by the Forest Dept. This forest land are protected from any otherdepletion .

(iii) Unclassed Forests :- Theseare other forests and wetlandsbelonging to both government andprivate individuals andcommunities .


39/46

Community And Conservation


40/46

Sacred Grovesa wealth of diverse and rare species

Sacred :-devoted to deity: dedicated to a deity or religious purposeOf religion: relating to or used in religious worship

Groves : - group of trees: a small group of trees

Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creation ofnature have to be protected . Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forest in

pristine form called Sacred Groves .(Gods and Goddesses) These patches offorests or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people andany interference with them is banned .

Mundas ,Santhals (Chota Nagpur) Mahua and Kadamb trees..Tribals of Orissa & Bihar Tamarind and Mango trees during weddings.All over India Peepal ,Banyan,

And Springs, Mountain Peaks , Plants and Animals

You will find Troops of Macaques and Langurs ( Monkey)

Bishnoi Community of Rajasthan -> Herds of Blackbuck, Nilgai, Peacock.. Nobodyharm them..


41/46

Chipko Movement.

The Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan (literally "to stick" in Hindi) is a social-ecological movement that practised the Gandhian methods of satyagraha and non-

violent resistance, through the act of hugging trees to protect them from falling. Themodern Chipko movement started in the early 1970s in the GarhwalHimalayas ofUttarakhand,[1] with growing awareness towards rapid deforestation. The landmarkevent in this struggle took place on March 26, 1974, when a group of peasantwomen in Reni village, Hemwalghati, in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India, actedto prevent the cutting of trees and reclaim their traditional forest rights that werethreatened by the contractor system of the state Forest Department. Their actions

inspired hundreds of such actions at the grassroots level throughout the region. Bythe 1980s the movement had spread throughout India and led to formulation ofpeople-sensitive forest policies, which put a stop to the open felling of trees inregions as far reaching as Vindhyas and the Western Ghats.[2]The first recorded event of Chipkohowever, took place in village Khejarli, Jodhpurdistrict, in 1730 AD, when 363 Bishnois, led by Amrita Devi sacrificed their liveswhile protecting green Khejri trees, considered sacred by the community, byhugging them, and braved the axes of loggers sent by the local ruler,[3] today it isseen an inspiration and a precursor for Chipko movement of Garhwal.[4][5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyagrahahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal_Divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Ghatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khejarlihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhpur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhpur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishnoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khejarlihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khejrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khejrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khejarlihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishnoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhpur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhpur_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khejarlihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Ghatshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamoli_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipko_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garhwal_Divisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyagrahahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi


42/46

Beej Bachao Andolan

The 'Beej Bachao Andolan' (BBA), begunhere in the late 1980s, is fifteen years old.

Led by farmer and social activist VijayJardhari, the 'Andolan' has made villageJardhargaon of district Tehri famous for itsunique movement to save the traditionalseeds of the hills.

The 'Beej Bachao Andolan' (Save theSeeds Movement) is not only a crusade toconserve traditional seeds but also topromote agricultural biodiversity,sustainable agriculture and local traditions.

The hallmark of the BBA is that it is apeople's campaign and flourishing withoutany government financial assistance orhelp.


43/46


44/46


45/46

Joint Forest Management .

Joint Forest Management Programme has been in formalexistence since 1988 when the state of Orissa passed the firstresolution for JFM.

JFM depends on the formation of local(village) institution thatundertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest landmanaged by the forest dept.

In return, the members of these communities are entitled tointermediary benefits like non-timber harvested by successfulprotection.


46/46

I am waiting for your help

Documents

Presentation _Forest & Wildlife Class X