presentation on social issues of india

7/29/2019 presentation on social issues of india

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GUPTA DYNASTY

300 550 A.D.


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Timeline of History

Vedic Civilization : 5000 B.C.

Indus & Saraswati Civilizations : 2500 - 1000 B.C.

Birth of Jainism and Buddhism 563 - 400 B.C.

Golden Age of Indian Unity & Govt : Mauryan Dynasty : 325 - 175 B.C.

Golden Age of Indian Arts & Sciences : Gupta Dynasty : 300 - 650 A.D.

Regional Kingdoms and Muslim Invasions : 7001200 A.D.

The Mughal Empire : 1300 - 1700 A.D.

The British East-India Company : 1600 A.D.

The British Empire : 1700 - 1900 A.D.

India's Freedom Struggle : 1857 - 1947

Independence : 1947

Modern India 2020 Vision : 20thand 21stCentury


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Golden Age of Arts and Culture

SUMMARY

Emperors: Samudragupta , Chandragupta II, andHarshavardhan

Kalidasa who composed Shakuntala was during this

era.Ajanta and Ellora cavtemples were erected.

Gold coins were minted es and lots of temples werebuilt.

Sarnath and Mathura during this time.

Harsha was supporter of Buddhism and Hinduism.

Nalanda University and Banaras University were setup

during this time


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Hierarchy of Rulers

Samudra Gupta

(335375 A.D.)

ChandraGupta II

Vikramaditya

(375415 A.D.)

Chandragupta I

(320335 A.D.)

Kumar Gupta

(415445 A.D.)

Harsha Vardhana

(606647A.D.)


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Chandragupta I Chandragupta was a chieftain who married

Kumaradevi and inherited a small kingdom.

Eventually he expanded to become the King ofMagadha. His kingdom was limited to that region.


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Samudragupta Son of Chandragupta I. Crowned Samudragupta to bethe King for his abilities even though he was not theeldest.

He was very adventurous and led his army across the4800 km span of India and conquered kingdoms alongthe way.

Performed Ashawamedha Yagna (Horse Sacrifice) andproclaimed himself Emperor.

Very talented in musical instrument of Veena. Study of art, literature, and science flourished.

Buddhist monastry at Bodh Gaya was built.


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Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) He extended his rule in every direction but South. He added the title to

his name: Vikramaditya (Son of Power).

Hindus still call Vikram Samvat: i.e. beginning of the year of his

kingdom. All his achievements are inscribed on famous iron pillar in Delhi which

remain clear even today.

Established direct trade with Egypt and other western countries.

Yagnavalka rishi, Kalidasa lived during this time.

Paintings in Ajanta and Ellora caves are from this era.

Fa Hien, the Chinese pilgirm spent 11 years during this time studyingSanskrit and wrote about prosperity.


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Kumargupta I Further expanded the kingdom and performed

Ashwamedh Yagna.

No other exceptional achievements are noted duringthis time.


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Harsha Vardhana Harsha Vardhana became King of Thanesar, north ofDelhi in 606 A.D.

He was only 16 when he ascended the throne, but

eventually ruled most of North India from Kathiawar toBengal for 41 years. Defeated Hun invaders.

Hiuen Tsan, the famous Chinese traveler has recordedhis achievements from 630 to 640 A.D.

Nalanda and Banaras University were the mostflourishing schools of learning during his time.

He was a supporter of Hinduism and Buddhism. Afterhis death Buddhism lost vitality in India.


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Kalidasa Great poet and Dramatist.

Considered the chief of the nine gems of Vikramadityas court.

Famous drama Shakuntala and Meghdoot.

The name Bharat came from the classic Shakuntala.


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Administration As efficient as Mauryan empire.

Huge military and spy network supported the Emperors.


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Trade Commerce as well as works of art flourished in the Gupta Era.

Sea borne trade from Bengal to Ceylon and China was prevalent.

South Vietnam was a Hindu kingdom name Fu-Nan.

India also had trade relations with Rome. State owned all the salt and mines and operated industrial enterprises

like royal mint, munitions factory, gold and silver workshops, andweaving and spinning mills.


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Golden Age of Culture and Arts Royal support gave funding to build Hindu temples

dedicated to worship of Gods like Siva, Visnu, and DivineMother Durga.

This period is noted for the development of cave art andsculpture. Ajantas cave paintings and sculptures of humanfigures are historic mementoes of the peoples life duringthe Gupta period.

Science, Mathematics, Painting, Sculpture and Musicreached the climax of development.


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Ajanta Caves

The Ajanta caves are located 65 miles NE ofAurangabad in Maharashtra.

They are 30 in number and were originally werecarved in 3rd century BC under Buddhist sway.

Under Gupta empire they were expanded. The lastof the caves was built in seventh century.

The caves are rock-cut temples with frescoes built

by Buddhist monks. All the caves have Buddhisttheme.

The caves are of two types: chaityas or temples,and viharas or monasteries.


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Ajanta Caves They were discovered in 1819 by British Military

officers during their maneuvers.

The older ones (200 BC)are built by followers of

'lesser vehicle' or Hinayana Buddhism (no directdepiction of Buddha but symbolically representusing stupas, footprints, trees and elephants).

The newer ones after 100AD are followers of

greater vehicle or Mahayana Buddhism whichhave larger-than-life depiction of Buddha.

Most famous caves are #1, 16, 17, 19.


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Ajanta Caves contd.. Cave #1: Last one completed around 5th century AD. Best

example of Vihara architecture with an ornate facade,carved columns, an impressive front hall divided bysculpted pillars and a large image of the Buddha.

Cave #16: has some of Ajanta's best painting and offers thebest view of the whole area. It is also possible that this wasthe principal entrance to the whole temple complex.

Cave #17: has the absolute finest in terms of condition,

quantity and quality. Cave #19: has been called "the sculptor's treasure chest"

especially by virtue of the profusion of exquisite carvingson the facade

Aj C d


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Ajanta Caves contd..

The Ajanta Caves are carved into a cliff face

Aj t C td


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The Ajanta Caves are carved into a cliff face

Aj C d


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The Ajanta Caves Walkway


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Aj t C td


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Cave 1

Aj t C td


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Cave #1: Paintings inside the cave

Aj t C td


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Cave #4: Entrance

Aj t C td


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Cave #7: Buddha

Aj t C td


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Cave #7: Sculpture


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Aj t C td


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Cave#9: Entrance Cave#10: Stupa

Ajanta Ca es contd


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Cave # 12: Buddha Statue

Ajanta Caves contd


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Cave#11: Buddha Cave#16: Buddha


Ajanta Caves contd


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Cave #13: Monks bed chambers

Ajanta Caves contd


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Cave #17 Entrance

Ajanta Caves contd


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Cave#19: Entrance


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Cave#19: The famous horseshoe shaped window

Ajanta Caves contd


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Cave#19: Exterior Sculpture Cave#19: Stupa

Ajanta Caves contd


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Cave#19: Pillar carvings and Sculpture

Ajanta Caves contd


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Cave #20: Inside View

Ajanta Caves contd


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Cave #26: Sculpture

Ajanta Caves contd


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Scenes from Jataka Tales

Ajanta Caves contd


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Scenes from Jataka Tales

Ajanta Caves contd


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S f J k T l

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presentation on social issues of india