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June 2016Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia
Alessandro Traballano Arch Tech MIFireE CFPA (Europe) Diploma FPA
Waste Management Fire Safety Project Process in Progress for a
Company in Saudi By
SAFETY & PROJECT SOLUTIONS Ltd
Phase 0 : Fire incident Post incident scenario
Phase 1 :• Analysis and Fire Risk Assessment• Fire Fighting Strategy
Phase 2: Development Fire Project
Phase 3: Rebuilding Facilities Installation Fire Control System
Phase 4: Management of Emergency Residual Fire Risk
Key presentation
Phase 0FIRE INCIDENT EVENT
POST INCIDENT SCENARIO
“Development toxic cloud”
High Risk Fire Incident
High Risk Fire incident“Manual use fire fighting system”
Post Fire Incident Scenario
Phase 1ANALYSIS AND FIRE RISK
ASSESSMENTFIRE FIGHTING STRATEGY
Fire Hazard High Risk Fire main issues evaluated (Not full list)
High potential ignition source Drums (IBC) likely of damage to avoid spilling combustible liquid.
Use of wooden boards to support the second container, might be much potential an ignition source
high frequency, large amounts of containers stored without possibility to control a potential fire outbreak.
The containers may be subject to corrosion due to contact with external substances, for different causes.
No maintained the safety distance between two adjacent rows of containers, for example distance of 3.5 meters which would allow direct control to verify any IBC damaged and consequent spills.
Storage areas are not protected. Internal viability lack any kind of safety signs for the performance of activities'
process and any type of fire warning and rescue.
Lack of adequate lighting around the site of the factory. Long distance to reach different zones in the site Extreme weather condition Dangerous exposure the personnel is dedicated fire fighting
The characteristics of the workplace Process plat, hazardous material on site Zones at particular risk Escape routes and safe place, assembly point The number of people present Workers internal and external at increased risk Type, number, location of equipment and installations to
shutdown Location of main switches on/off (electricity, water, gas) Emergency action plan latest regular updating What appropriate facilities for first aid and fire fighting,
appropriately arranged and easily accessible
What we need to know before analysis
Prevention and fire Protection
Reduce the possibility of occurrence of fire
a) adoption of measures type technical
b) adoption of measures type organizational management
Realize adequate escape routes and emergency exits
Implement adequate compartmentations
Take measures on detection alarm
Realize active extinguishing systems
Prevention and fire protection
Preventing or reduce the likelihood of fire onset
Protection measures (active and passive)
SAFETY MEASURESSafeguard of people - Reduce lost assets
SAFETY MEASURESSafeguard of people - Reduce lost assets
Fire prevention and Protection
Preventing or reduce the
likelihood of fire onset
Reduce the frequency or the magnitude of fire
Prevention activity
Risk = P x M
Active and Passive measure Protection
(M) Magnitude (harm)Probability (P)
Standards and Regulations
British Standards (BS Standards) European Standards (European Normalization or BS-EN Standards) Building Regulations- Part B ATEX - DSEAR (Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations)
Environmental Regulators (ER) Local Saudi Regulations : Hazardous Materials Storage and Handling Regulations - RCER 2015 –Vol.1 –
Part, 4-5 NFPA 30: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code NFPA 400: Hazardous Materials Code NFPA 551: Guide for the Evaluation Of Fire Risk Assessments (FRA) NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response NFPA 11: Standard For Low, Medium and High-expansion Foam API : American Petroleum Institute Standards CFPA-EU 25-2010 F
CFPA-EU 25-2010 F: Emergency plan guideline
We followed the international and Local Saudi Regulations to carry out a compliance Fire Risk Assessment
Just some example (not full list):
Fire risk assessment proceduresFlow chart- Qualitative risk analysis assessment
Open Flames
Mechanical and electric sparks
Lightning, electrostatic discharge
Cigarette butts, overheating of conductors
Hot surfaces
Cutting and welding
Chemical reactions
Environmental high temperature
Dust, fat
Friction between two material
Human (arson act)
Radiant heat
POTENTIAL IGNITION SOURCES onsite Ignition Sources are the most Common (Ref. EN 1127-1-2011)
and (Ref. NFPA 30- 6.5)Process plant
Identified Hazards onsite Structural and facilities destination - Site :
Oil/Diesel tanks farm, 2) Temporary waste storage area - zone A, zone B,3) Landfills zones, 4) Evaporation ponds, 5) nitrogen inert gas zone, 6) Loading and unloading zone, 7) Laboratory building, 8) Operational control room, 9) Fire safety control room, 10) Electrical distribution room, 11) Ammonia stripping and absorption plant, 12) Adm building, 13) Evaporator zone, 14) Old incinerator zone, 15) New incinerator, 16) Sand and Carbon absorber filtration system plant, 17) Oil recycle unit zone, 18) Stabilization unit, 19) CTU-chemical treatment unit
Identify substances and materials hazardous Eventual explosive atmosphere analysis zone Fire load analysis Fammable liquids/solid substance Combustible liquid/solid substance Flammable gases
Identified fire incident scenario : (Ref. NFPA 11, 30) Spill fire : Storage oil Tanks farm (External) Fixed roof tanks Diameter < 18 m Spill fire/pool fire : Diked area –tanks farm Spill fire/pool fire: Loading racks area Non-diked spill fire area : IBC temporary waste storage area, zone A, zone B Solid waste : landfill zones
Classification levels of risk Risk matrix bi-dimensional to evaluate the levels of risk
Notes: (Key risk) [R = P X M]P : probability = preventionM : severity = magnitude or (H: harm) = active and passive protection We could have the probability level:Frequent; Probable; Occasional; Remote; Improbable. We could have the severity level:Negligible; Low; Medium/Marginal; Critical; Catastrophic
Levels of risk Classification of risk levels through identified hazards
How determine level of risk flammable liquids (recommendation)
Through the prevention actions
Phase 2DEVELOPMENT FIRE
PROJECT
Implications for designers/Management
Design issues
• Structural protection• External fire spread• Weather condition : (Wind speed, high temperature)• Fire service access• Means of safe escape route • Reduction in using human capital by remote
controlled system • Assets‘ s safeguarding • Fire load under control• Potential explosive atmosphere (Gas, vapor)• Identify people and property exposed to a
Hazard• Combustion’s products to affect the humans
(Smoke, toxic gases, flame, heat)
Management issues
• Fire Risk assessment• Fire prevention• Active fire protection systems• Passive fire protection• Emergency procedures• Residual fire risk • Post-fire recovery• Upkeep/maintenance• Facilities management: (Software, camera, video, fire control system)
Overall issues
Smoke Damages Electrical and Sensitive Equipment
Fire Characteristics :
Damage Cause :
“Fire extinguishing systems for electric Equipment Rooms should have a smoke eliminating function.
Reports: in communication centre room fire, 95% damage is caused by smoke and only 5% by Temperature
Heavy Smoke Toxic gas: such as CO, HCL, HF, NH3, they can affect people and corrode equipment
95%
5%
95% smoke
5% temperature
Why the smoke is hazardous for people?
85%
10% 5%
Toxicity :
High Temperature
Death Cause
10% Burning85% Smoke
5%Other
CO concentration
The smokes contain toxic gasses/cloud
CO2 concentration when Oxygen < 17% in volume is lethal
burn
60℃ 120℃ > 200 ℃
can bear in short time
normaltemperature
flashover
1.28%0.16%0%
death in 2 hours death in
3 min
Analysis weather siting parameter 2014, in Al Jubail (Saudi Arabia)
http://ww
w.w
underground.com/history/Jubail-
Daily average wind speed: 13 Km/h (3,6 m/s) - 18 Km/h (5 m/s) Wind gust average to correspondence max temperature: 42 km/h (11,6 m/s) wind day it could be wind gust from 80 km/h (22 m/s) up to wind gust 142 km/h (39,4 m/s)
(unlikely)
Active Protection System-General Layout
Analysis Throw Range Curve Monitor
Waste storage Zone A approximate effective throw range it will be 37—40 mt Waste storage Zone B approximate effective throw range it will be 40—45 mtGraphs show approximate effective stream trajectory at 30 degrees elevation in no wind conditions. Distance to last water drops approximately 10% farther. Trajectories shown are for water. The addition of foam is expected to decrease the reach by 10%. Tail or head winds of 20 MPH (30 KPH) may increase or decrease the range approximately 30%.It is important the throw range it will be sufficiently overlaid so that it will be covered all parts need to protect.
Details throw range water/foam Zone A
Specific Measures For Fire Prevention
Installation of electrical equipment in a workmanlike manner (UE) Electrical connection to the ground of plants, facilities, tanks etc. Installation of lightning protection systems. Safety devices of the distribution systems to utilization of
flammable substances. Installation sunlight protection shield Ventilation requirements. Reduced Fire Load to keep under-control potential fire events or
explosions. Adoption spark-proof tools, fireproof flooring. Safety signs, referring in particular to the risks present in the
workplace. To know Potential Ignition Source for any specific risk. Again, to prevent a fire for distribution plants or storage of flammable
substances (such as flammable oil) are equipped with safety devices. Fire training course to the Employees
Main prevention measures in (In order at reducing the likelihood of event)
FIRE PROTECTION
PASSIVE PROTECTION(We don’t need for a INTERVENTION)
ACTIVE PROTECTION (We need for a INTERVENTION by human or automatic)
Active protection involves the intervention that can take place with or without human action. For example we have: The use of fire extinguishers or fire hydrants to the system requires human intervention,otherwise the drive of an automatic plant (such as sprinkler system, water/fom
monitor) does not presuppose any intervention.
All the measures aimed at reducing the damage by acting on Magnitude.They are divided into active and passive protection measures in relation by the intervention or not from an operator or for activating an automatic system.
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION in EDCO
Fire manual extinguishers (powder, CO2)
Water/foam Hydrants network Automatic fire detection systems (smoke and gas) Fire manual alarm Ex-proof and non Ex-proof automatic extinguishing systems electric
remote control monitor (water/foam), water sprinkler (cooling effect) Signaling devices and alarm (Fire bell) (Inside oil tanks) The inerting system consists, in introducing above the free
surface of the flammable liquid, instead of air, an inert gas (Nitrogen) so that completely prevent formation of flammable vapor-air to avoid any fire and explosion
Emergency lighting Fire truck Loudspeaker in case of emergency
protection measures that require the action of a man or the actuation through automatic system, aimed at the early detection of the fire, to the
alert and the action of switching off.
Aim
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION do not require the action of a man or the actuation of a plant.
AimLimiting the effects of the fire in space and time:
guarantee the safety of workers from harmful effects of the combustion products and contain the damage to facilities, equipment, assets.
Fire Insulation
Safety distances external and internal
Fire walls
Bearing Structures with fire resistance commensurate with fire loads;
Materials classified in reaction to fire
Permanent ventilation
System way out commensurate with the maximum hypothetical crowding
Escape route
ESCAPE ROUTESUnobstructed route to the flow route that allows people who occupy a building or a room to reach a safe place, outside (assembly point) or inside (refuge point).
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Laboratory layout
Separation elements capable of preventing the spread of a fire between the adjacent area.The fire barriers realized by interposition of structural elements have the function of preventing the spread of fires is linear (local barriers) in the interior of a building and external as well as, through a predetermined time (e.g. 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes) in some cases, to allow the reduction of the distances security and block the cool gases (inside), last but not least to reduce the fire load.
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTIONFire Wall
Temporary waste storage zone A,B, constructive details
How storing the waste hazardous liquids
Details how to avoid leakage on flooring
How to protect in case of incident“Fire suppression through low pressure (7 bar/100 PSI ) remote control
Monitor”
Benefits of Remote Controlled Monitor Systems: Remote controlled monitors allow fires or vapor releases (toxic gases) to be
managed from a safe distance, minimizing exposure to personnel
Gets water/foam on the fire immediately
Reduced staffing in plants due to advanced automation results in fewer employees available for the fire brigades
Remote Control Monitor SystemElectric adjustable pressure balance full jet/fog jet nozzle- Ex-proof or no Ex-proofThe monitor operate at pressures up to 7 Bar (psi 100) and deliver water droplets added with a FOAM safety for classes fires A - B, with of a chemical interaction on the dynamics that are at the base of the fire combustion and propagation.
1) Cooling effect.2) Displace oxygen.3) Reduces release of toxic gas and smoke from hydrocarbons and hazardous
material.
DN 100 DIN PN 16 flange Flowrate at 7 bar (lt./min.) : from 1000L/min. up to 4600 LPM (1250 GPM) Pressure at inlet flange (bar) : from 7 up to 9 bar Range of jet (mt.) : up to 68 mt with 3000 LPM
(Without wind and foam use)
Features :
Why Fire Strategies
Assets’ s safeguarding and saving
Company’s high quality and image
Minimizing exposure the personnel fire
Prevention/ Active/
Passive fire protection
actions to keep under control
on site
Time (T) : human reaction time Wind speed (Ws) : Fire propagation speed Time spread (Ts) : Fire propagation time Weak Fire protection High potential ignition source
Fire issues in site
Phase 3REBUILDING FACILITIES
INSTALLATION FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM
Rebuilding Facilities
Installing Fire Control System
Phase 4 MANAGEMENT OF
EMERGENCIES/RESIDUAL FIRE RISK
The risk of fire is the most likely among all those who potentially may occur in a company as ours.
Rarely a fire occurs due to natural causes or imponderable In most cases the event was due to lack to respect of the
technical standards or behavioural and imprudence of man
The statistics tell us that existing among emergencies
That's why very often confused with emergencies in general with the fire emergency that is still one of them
It must therefore have an internal organization to intervene quickly and safely waiting for help outside
EMERGENCY ACTION
Residual fire riskAfter fire risk assessment, knowing the level of risk, we can evaluate the residual risk, offsetting the residual risks, if that is acceptable or not, by means of preventive measures and risk protection.
What we did: Identified Fire Protection, active and passive measures.
Identified Fire Prevention measures.
Risk management through improving or implementing fire measures to adopt in short, medium, long term.
Notes: The risk checking to understand if the measures adopted required it will be sufficient to keep the hazard under control and match the requirements, it will be done at least 2 time a year.
Preparation and study of the Emergency Action Plan to follow in case of emergency in the site
Plan emergency and evacuation is to enable the best possible management of accident scenarios, considered especially the particular characteristics of the environment and the various activities available in the site, which will not allow you to use the expression never a zero risk.
It will be drawn up with the aim of informing all employees, subcontractor employee and providers of work customary to behave in case of emergencies.
The document it content the instructions to be followed in case of emergency, or in the event of the occurrence of a situation of serious and imminent hazardous to people, structures, and / or the environment.
The plan allows us to improve the management of the likely events or event and the consequent reduction in the intensity of the same.
The action plan, in time, will be updated and adapted to meet the needs of the company.
The interventions of evacuation envisaged apply in the presence of: - Fire within the company; - Fire in the vicinity of the Company; - Earthquake; - Collapse of the building in which the Company is present or adjacent buildings; - Any other cause considered hazardous by the Head in charge of emergencies.
Introduction Evacuation plans layout. Data summary identification Company. Planning procedures to be implemented in case of emergency and evacuation. Getting started procedures to be implemented for telephone calls in an
emergency. Staff in charge for the management of emergencies. Staff updated. Survey of duties in the site. Allocate the duties. Rules of behaviour for employees, subcontractor, providers, of work routine. Procedure evacuation. Identification of the type of building premises, operational area zones, landfill
zones, temporary waste storage zones and escape routes to reach the assembly point designated.
Behaviour to be maintained in case of emergency. Accidents, workplace accidents and first aid. Additional information for the implementation of the Plan of Emergencies in
case of evacuation. Conclusions. Scheme exercise for the general evacuation. Exercise of evacuation program
THE TOPICS OF THE EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN IT WILL BE:
ACTION PLAN SUMMARY
To know Human Behavior in Fire
Receive information
Ignore Investigate
Instruct Explore Withdraw
Evacuate Fight Warn Wait
Level 1Interpret
Level 2Prepare
Level 3Act
Identify Hazard Identification of
exposed workers
Elimination or reduction of risks
Quantify the level of risk
Evaluate the adequacy of the measures
EMERGENCY ACTION
Thank you for your attention
