St. Paul Police Department

Decision Point Analysis Presented

by

Chief Tom Smith

Welcome

October 19, 2011

Saint Paul Police Mission

To promote safe and healthy neighborhoods through strong, professional partnerships with

those we serve in our diverse community.

PROCESS TREE: Decision Point Analysis & DMC

Review Policies Practices Procedures

Decision Points Examine through DMC lens

Assess Findings

Is DMC an issue? Where and Why?

Collect Baseline Data

REGGO Examine for overrepresentation Race

Ethnicity

Gender

Geography

Offense

Questions Explored Does evidence exist which supports Disparate Treatment or is

differential offending rates the cause of DMC?

Is it a combination ?

DMC

“Only after adequately accounting for whether, where, and why overrepresentation exists – exhausting all possible contributing factors - can one begin to pursue the strategies or make the modifications that will correctly target the affected decision point.”

Source: Juvenile Justice Evaluation Center Guidebook Series: Seven Steps to Develop and Evaluate Strategies to Reduce

Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)

5 Common Explanations Why Overrepresentation May Exist

1. Differential Offending

2. Differential opportunities for Prevention and Treatment

3. Differential Handling of Minority Youth

4. Indirect Effects and Legislative Changes

5. Administrative Policies and Legal Factors.

Source: Juvenile Justice Evaluation Center Guidebook Series: Seven Steps to Develop and Evaluate Strategies to Reduce Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)

St. Paul Police Decision Points

SPPD Juvenile Arrests (Part 1 Crimes)

991 969 691 847 767 775

2005 vs.2010 Property = 17.5% down Persons = 45.7% down Total Part 1 = 21.8% down

2005 - 2010 Juvenile Arrests Juvenile Arrestees 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 '05 - '10

Homicide 1 0 2 1 2 0 -100.0%

Rape 7 4 1 1 8 4 -42.9%

Robbery 99 82 109 131 86 81 -18.2%

Aggravated Assault 143 116 116 128 104 78 -45.5%

Burglary 102 156 94 76 66 117 14.7%

Theft 432 409 234 418 435 438 1.4%

Auto Theft 165 126 81 64 42 39 -76.4%

Arson 42 76 54 28 24 18 -57.1%

Crimes Vs. Persons 151 120 119 130 114 82 -45.7%

Crimes Vs. Property 840 849 572 717 653 693 -17.5%

Total Part 1 Crime 991 969 691 847 767 775 -21.8%

Top 5 part 1

Crimes

Source: BCA

ALL categories down except

Burglary & Theft

2010 Part 1 Crimes by Race: SPPD

89%

11%

60%

19%11%

2%8%

Property Person Black White Asian Native American

Other

(n= 775)

465

147 85 62

(16)

St. Paul Police Grids

2010 Total calls for service by grid

5 areas

generated most calls/ Downtown

over 4,516

2010 Juvenile Crime in St. Paul by grid

Indicates high school, apartment

complex, or commercial district

Initial Calls (911) = 727 Non-Emergency = 1844 Traffic Stops = 382 Tele serve = 6

Indicates Part 1 Crime

Juvenile Arrests

2010 Juvenile Arrests by grid 4 areas with

most arrests

2 areas = 84-101 arrests

Top 10 Offenses (all)

Black youth comprised over 70%

of DOC & Theft offenses

(n =2365)

(n =3,203 for juvenile arrests) M=2373 / F=830

Initial Juvenile Arrest’s Observations/Concerns

Arrests for Disorderly Conduct account for 10.92% of all arrests but 74% of the arrest involved Black Youth.

Thefts accounted for 13.67% of all Juvenile Arrests but 72% of arrests were Black Youth

In 2010 there were 1,467 Reported runaways of which 901 or 61.% were Black Youth.

SPPD Cases Referred to JDC

Did not specify = 1%

Youth RAI’d

Top 10 Offenses Referred to JDC by SPPD

Top 10 offenses represent

51% of ALL cases brought to JDC

in 2010

(n =335)

SPPD Statistics by Key Decision Points

3203

1653

977

658 572

All Juvenile Arrests Referrals to RCAO Pre - Court Formal Diversions

Referrals to JDC Other Referrals

2010Part 1 Crimes

775

52%

31%

21%

18%

Percentage of cases to Juvenile Arrests

Male = 2373 Female = 830

SPPD Criteria for Formal Pre-Court Diversion

Seriousness of Current Offense Is offense a crime of violence or property crime ?

Criminal History

Offenders Amenability to Diversion

Parental Cooperation

First offense referral to Parent

Second offense referral to YSB or ACE (one time only)

Third, Subsequent Offense petitioned to court

SPPD Referrals to Ramsey County Attorney’s Office

CASES

County Attorney’s Office may: • Divert •Close •Petition to Court

Top 10 Formal Pre-Court Diversions by Offense (n =837)

SPPD Formal Pre-Court Diversions

Diversions Given in 2010

633: Parent / Guardian

258: Saint Paul Youth Service

67: All Children Excel (ACE)

19: One of following: Fire Play

Parole

Other Social Service Agency

SPPD Referrals (cases closed)

SPPD “OTHER” REFERRALS DEFINED Information or School Referrals Informational: case lacks enough details to make chargeable/ Information filed School : letter sent to school regarding youth involved in alcohol or tobacco violation.

29%

62%70%

56%

45%

22%

19%

15%

22%

19%

36%

11%7%

10%

24%

1%2% 2%

2% 2%12% 8% 6%

11% 10%

Population Part 1 Crimes SPPD Referrals RCAO

SPPD Pre-Court Formal Diversion

SPPD Other Referrals

Other/Latino

Native Amer

Asian

White

Black

Youth at Key Decision Points by Race (2010)

Ages 13 -17

2010 Juvenile Crime Trends (Regarding: Referrals to RCAO)

Repeat Offenders 2 or more offenses charged in 2010

Findings & Overview of Juvenile Pre – Court Diversions

Black youth accounted for 62% of juvenile part 1 arrests, 70% of RCAO referrals and 56% of formal pre-court diversions.

All other populations saw less (or the same) percentage of RCAO referrals from part 1 crimes and more formal pre-court diversions.

By the numbers black youth were referred to court more often and were less likely to receive diversion. Data show black youth associated with more violent crime and more repeat offenses, effecting court petitions and diversion.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Saint Paul Juvenile Demographics

Race of Students All Students % of Total Grade 7 - 12 % of total

White 9,191 24.33% 3,520 21.5%

Black 11,235 29.74% 4,754 29.04%

Hispanic 5,216 13.80% 2,025 12.37%

Asian 11,473 30.37% 5,837 35.66%

Native American 664 1.76% 234 1.43%

Total 37,780 100.0% 16,370 100.0%

Students of Color 28,588 75.67 0% 12,855 78. 50%

75.67% of all students at Saint Paul Public Schools are of color. 78.5% of students in grades 7 – 12 (age 13-17) are of color.

School Resource Officer Arrests

DOC 40% of all SRO arrests for

Black youth

SRO arrests = 19% of all

juvenile arrests in 2010

-------- Black youth

comprised 67%

n =602

DOC Arrests by High Schools

Disorderly Conduct(DOC) MOST subjective offense in statue AND may be a potential cause for DMC

DISORDERLY CONDUCT Subdivision 1.Crime. Whoever does any of the following in a public or private place, including on a

school bus, knowing, or having reasonable grounds to know that it will, or will tend to, alarm, anger or disturb others or provoke an assault or breach of the peace, is guilty of disorderly conduct, which is a misdemeanor:

(1) engages in brawling or fighting; or (2) disturbs an assembly or meeting, not unlawful in its character; or (3) engages in offensive, obscene, abusive, boisterous, or noisy conduct or in offensive,

obscene, or abusive language tending reasonably to arouse alarm, anger, or resentment in others.

A person does not violate this section if the person's disorderly conduct was

caused by an epileptic seizure.

Evidence Based Programming for DMC

1. Prevention and Early Intervention

2. Alternatives to Secure detention

3. Administrative Rule Modification

4. Cultural Competency Training

5. Development of Objective Decision making Tools for Select Decision Points.

Source: Juvenile Justice Evaluation Center Guidebook Series: Seven Steps to Develop and Evaluate Strategies to Reduce

Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)

Interventions &

Partnerships

SPPD Prevention Mentoring Programs

Department Wide Mentoring Programs

PAL “ At Risk Youth” 2,194 served

AIMCOP (African Immigrant Muslim Coordinated Outreach Program) 100 “At Risk” Youth served

Junior Police Academy

Shop With Cops Program

Police Leadership Academy

Police Ride-a-Long

Cops and Kids Program

School Resource Officer Program

SPPD Mentoring in YAP

SPPD Mentoring Programs

Individualized Officer Involved Mentoring Programs Humboldt High School Program

Save Our Sons

YWCA Youth Academy

After School Enrichment Program

Salvation Army East Side Corp

Latino Police Officer Association Reading Program

St. Paul Connection Program

Athletic Coaching Programs, Wilderness Camp, Horse Camp….

Youth Achievers Program

Young Emerging Latina Mentoring Program

SPPD Partnership Programs

West Side Youth Workers Group

Youth In transition (YIT)

Save Our Sons (SOS)

Circle of Peace

Mentoring Young Adults (MYA)

God Squad

Neighborhood House- Gang Resistance Intervention Program (GRIP)

Boys and Girls Club – Cops for Kids

180 Degrees

Gang Resistance Education and Training Academy (GREAT)

Runaway Program• SPPD Juvenile unit meets with and surveys kids that

have runaway multiple times.• Approximately 183 kids helped in last two years.• Get to the source of the problem.• Refer to outside services, if necessary.• Assist with problems at home.• Program has increasingly assisted sexual assault victims

who are Hmong or Black females.

Identifying Low Hanging Fruit.

TARGET

Why do 74% of DOC arrests involve Black Youth?

Why are 65% of DOC arrests in the Schools?

How can we improve – “Successful Diversions”

TOOLS

Administrative Rule Modification

Training for Officers and School Executives

Addressing differential opportunities for Prevention and Treatment.

SPPD - Ongoing DMC Reduction Efforts

SPPD Continued Partnership in Ramsey County JDAI

Ongoing Development of RAI

On Going Decision Point Analysis

Internal Policy & Administrative Review

Legislative Review

Increased Awareness and Training for SPPD Officers on DMC

Department Requests Increased Alternatives for youth through JDAI partnerships with other

agencies - both formal and informal

Partnership with St. Paul Public Schools to reduce DOC arrests through mediation training for SRO’s, Teachers and Administrative Staff.

A better juvenile data base collection system.

St. Paul Police Department Continuing DMC Initiative

Engage Stakeholder

Group

Map Decision

Points

Gather / Analyze

Data: Quantitative

& Qualitative

Focus on Key

Decision Points where

Measurable Change Can

Occur

Fashion Remedies

Implement Change

Evaluate Progress

St. Paul Police Department Continuing DMC Initiative

For more information or

questions contact:

Commander Gene Polyak

(651) 266-5516

Gene.polyak@ci.stpaul.mn.us