To access the damage induced by the 2068/6/1 Taplejung
Earthquake. To evaluate the overall approximate cost of damage
caused by the Earthquake. To study about the damage patterns for
the formulation of the trainings concerning Earthquake Resistant
Construction of Buildings.
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Study Area Team 1 Location: Dhankuta, Tehrathum, Bhojpur,
Sankhuwasabha Team 2 Location: Jhapa,Ilam,Taplejung, Panchthar Team
Member:(Ilam) S.D.E. Binay Charan Shrestha Mahesh Singh Himal K.C.
Parikshit P. Kadariya Binod Shrestha (Pulchowk Campus) Bhim Paudel
(Home Ministry) Team Member: (Dhankuta) S.D.E. Sagar Krishna Joshi
Nabin Malakar Ram Chandra Thapa Govinda Thapa Bishow Kumar Shrestha
(Pulchowk Campus) Maiya Kandel (Home Ministry)
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Secondary data was taken from Home Ministry. The data was
verified from the respective CDO Office. Field Visits were
conducted with co-ordination from CDO Office, Municipality, VDC's,
Police, Red Cross and other NGOs. Sample buildings were selected in
such a way that it covers all the Damage Grades according to the
data of Home Ministry.
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Data was collected according to the approved format of MoPPW.
Two types of forms were used. Rapid Evaluation Form Detailed
Evaluation Form
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Data was organized to get the real picture of the damage. Data
was divided according to the damage grade of buildings. The Data
was sorted out to find the types of construction as well as types
of occupancy.
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Grade 1 : Negligible to slight damage (no structural damage,
slight non-structural damage) Hair-line cracks in very few walls.
Fall of small pieces of plaster only. Fall of loose stones from
upper parts of buildings in very few cases. Grade 2 : Moderate
damage (slight structural damage, moderate non-structural damage)
Cracks in many walls. Fall of fairly large pieces of plaster.
Partial collapse of chimneys. Classification of damage to masonry
buildings
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Grade 3 : Substantial to heavy damage (moderate structural
damage, heavy non-structural damage) Large and extensive cracks in
most walls. Roof tiles detach. Chimneys fracture at the roof line;
failure of individual non-structural elements (partitions, gable
walls). Grade 4 : Very heavy damage (heavy structural damage, very
heavy non-structural damage) Serious failure of walls; partial
structural failure of roofs and floors. Classification of damage to
masonry buildings
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Grade 5 : Destruction (very heavy structural damage) Total or
near total collapse. Classification of damage to masonry
buildings
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All grades of damage were seen. The data of Home Ministry was
correlated with the damage grades as follows Home MinistryDamage
Grade Minor DamageDG-1 Partial DamageDG-2 & DG-3 Total Damage
(Collapse)DG-4 & DG-5
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Corner Failures/Cracks Shear Failures and Diagonal Cracks.
Cracks at Openings. Gable fall down and cracks. De-lamination of
wall Bulging / Falling of unsupported long walls. Damage / Falling
of Free Standing Walls. Improper Load Path Soft Storey Problems.
Torsion Complete Collapse Rocking Failure Floor Separation Out of
Plane Failure Settlement / Slope Failure Floor Drift/ Slide
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Lack of Through Stones Lack of Bands(Sill, Lintel and Gable)and
Stitches Slenderness Ratio Exceeded Improper Opening Positions and
Sizes. Lack of Better Bonding Between Masonry unit. Irregular
Configuration Improper Site Selection Wrong Load Path Lack of
Integrity between Ground Floor and First Floor. Lack of Vertical
Reinforcement at Junction.
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The following recovery measures were suggested for different
damage grades. For DG-1 and other unaffected buildings, it is
suggested to retrofit them to cope with the upcoming Earthquakes.
Damage GradeSuggested Recovery Measures DG-2Repair + Retrofit
DG-3Repair, Retrofit + Partial Demolish. DG-4 &
DG-5Demolish
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Amount in Rs. Retrofitting with wood members 63226 Retrofitting
with Concrete members 289693.20 Repair of cracked wall per meter
length 997.60 Cost of new construction500000 Cost of new
construction with using usable existing materials ( 60% of New
Construction Cost) 300000
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Damage Grade Total House No. Unit Cost in Rs.Total Cost
G11111997*20=19,940= 2,21,53,340 G2 &
G3974963226+19940=83,166=81,07,85,334 G4 &
G552935,00,000=2,64,65,00,000 Total=3,47,94,38,674
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Damage Grade School Building Other Government Building G2 &
G3608362 G4 & G5350115
