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Source apportionment of nitrogen and phosphorous inputs into the aquatic environment - An EEA assessment. presented by János Fehér h. Associate Professor Chairman & General Director of VITUKI CONSULT Zrt on behalf of European Environmental Agency’s European Topic Centre on Water. OVERVIEW. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Source apportionment of nitrogen and Source apportionment of nitrogen and phosphorous inputs into the phosphorous inputs into the aquatic environment - An EEA aquatic environment - An EEA
assessmentassessment
presented bypresented by
János Fehér János Fehér h. Associate Professorh. Associate ProfessorChairman & General Director of VITUKI CONSULT ZrtChairman & General Director of VITUKI CONSULT Zrt
on behalf ofon behalf of
European Environmental Agency’s European Topic Centre on WaterEuropean Environmental Agency’s European Topic Centre on Water
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
• European Environmental AgencEuropean Environmental Agencyy’s ’s missionmission• AboutAbout the stud the studyy • CConcept of source apportionmentoncept of source apportionment• Assessment at European scaleAssessment at European scale• What is needed in the future?What is needed in the future?
EEuropean Environmental Agencyuropean Environmental Agency
• Political Mandate:
“To provide the Commission and Member States with objective, reliable and comparable information on the state of the environment.”
• Mission:
“Through the provision of timely, targeted, relevant and reliable information to policy making agents and the public, the EEA aims to help achieve significant and measurable improvement to Europe’s
environment.”
EEuropean Environmental Agencyuropean Environmental Agency
• Established in 1990 by EU Council Regulation• Located in Copenhagen
•Tasks of the EEA: • Help the Community and member countries make informed decisions• Become an independent analyst, assessor and information provider• Build bridges between science and policy• Coordinate the European environment information and observation
network (Eionet)• to support policy processes and inform the public
EEA Member CountriesEEA Member Countries
EEuropean Environmental Agencyuropean Environmental Agency
THE NETWORK (EIONET)
The network embodies the EEA, which co-ordinates the whole, together with a range of partner organisations as follows:
NATIONAL FOCAL POINTS
NATIONAL REFERENCE CENTRES
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRES • Air and climate change• Biological diversity• Resource and waste management• Terrestrial environment• WaterWater (rivers, lakes, groundwater, marine and coastal)
EEA
NRC NRC NRC NRC
NFP
ETCs
EEuropean Environmental Agencyuropean Environmental Agency
PRODUCTS
EEA 5-year state and outlook reports
EEA Signals
EEA Reports
EEA Briefings
EEA Technical reports
EEA Fact sheets (total: 37, water: 9)
EEA Multimedia publications
Information services on the internet
About the studyAbout the study
Project period 2004 - 2005 National Environmental Research Institute (NERI), Denmark
Jens Bogestrand – coordinator, Peter Kristensen and Brian Kronvand. Niels Thyssen, EEA proejct managerand contributions from ETC Water partner institutes.
The study delivered as far as it was possible updated information on the source apportionment of the total load of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the aquatic environment on a large scale
country, large river basins, seas
from the following sectors:agriculture, industry, scattered dwellings, waste water treatment plants and the background contribution.
About the studyAbout the study
Activities
Information inventoryInformation inventory International organisations such as transboundary river
commissions (e.g. Rhine and Danube) and Sea Conventions (e.g. Helcom Baltic Sea Load Compilation).
National (e.g. state of the environment chapters).and regional studies (such as German Länder and French River Basins Authorities),
Studies and research. Many studies and research activities have in the recent years focused on aspects relevant for this study.
ComparCompareded methods methods
AnalyseAnalysedd regional differences in relation to driving forces and regional differences in relation to driving forces and pressurespressures
ProduceProducedd a report a report
Concept of source apportiomentConcept of source apportioment
Point sources : Urban waste water; industry discharges; fish farms;
Diffuse sources: Background load (natural land (e.g. forest); load from agriculture; load from scattered dwelling; (stormwater outfall); atmospheric deposition.
Load oriented approach
Diffuse sources = CatchmentMeasured load river station- Point SourcesMeasured load + (retention)
Source oriented approach
Total sources = Point SourcesMeasured/estimated load + Diffuse Sourcesestimated
load
For example, Diffuse sources estimated from
Background sources: export coefficients from undisturbed catchments
Agricultural catchments: export coefficients from catchments with similar agricultural characteristics.
Concept of source apportiomentConcept of source apportioment
Source-oriented approach:
Inputs into inland surface waters within a river catchment area of monitored rivers, unmonitored catchment areas and coastal zones from
Total load at the lowest monitoring station in the river catchment area and from unmonitored catchment areas
Load-oriented approach: Separation of the load measured/estimated into the source categories
point sources diffuse sources natural background losses
point sources diffuse sources natural background losses
Retention in inland surface waters within the catchment areas and coastal areas
Point (and diffuse) sources
discharging directly
into the sea
Total load to the maritime area
Assessment at European scaleAssessment at European scale
Some examples:Some examples:- Coastal and marine areas - Coastal and marine areas (Baltic Sea, North Sea, Danube (Baltic Sea, North Sea, Danube Basin) – split of point source dischargesBasin) – split of point source discharges
- - Source apportionment annual load of nitrogen (A) and phosphorus (B)in large river catchments
- Geographical differencies:
a) Nitrogen load in selected regions and catchments
b) Phosphorus load in selected regions and catchments
- The estimated input of total The estimated input of total N and PN and P into the Black S into the Black Seaea
Table Table 1a1a: Percentage split of point source discharges to the Baltic, 2000: Percentage split of point source discharges to the Baltic, 2000 [kg[kg/ha/y/ha/y]]
Nitrogen Phosphorus Inland waters Direct Inland waters Direct
Municipal wastewater 84 82 85 81
Industry 15 15 14 14Fish farms 1 3 1 4
Source: Helcom (2004). Table Table 11 b: Percentage split of point source discharges to the North Sea, 2000 b: Percentage split of point source discharges to the North Sea, 2000 [kg [kg/ha/y/ha/y]]
Nitrogen PhosphorusSewage treatment works 75 68Households not connected 10 15Industry 14 16Aquaculture 1 1
Source: OSPAR (2003). Table Table 11 c: Percentage split of point source discharges to the Danube basin, 1996/97 c: Percentage split of point source discharges to the Danube basin, 1996/97
NitrogenNitrogen PhosphorusPhosphorusMunicipal point sourcesMunicipal point sources 7373 7878Industrial point sourcesIndustrial point sources 1919 1515Agricultural point sourcesAgricultural point sources 88 77
Source:Source: UNDP/GEF (1999). UNDP/GEF (1999).
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Kg
/ha
to
tal n
itro
ge
n
0
20
40
60
80
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120
140
N s
urp
lus (
kg
/ha
)
Point sourcesAgricultureBackgroundN surplus
Assessment at European scaleAssessment at European scale
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
Kg
/ha
to
tal p
ho
sph
oru
s
Point sourcesAgricultureBackgroundA B
Source apportionment annual load of nitrogen (A) and phosphorus (B)in large river catchments
Assessment at European scaleAssessment at European scale
Source apportionment of nitrogen load in selected regions and Source apportionment of nitrogen load in selected regions and catchments catchments [kg[kg/ha/ha]]
Source apportionment of Source apportionment of phosphorusphosphorus load in selected regions and load in selected regions and catchments catchments [kg[kg/ha/ha]]
Assessment at European scaleAssessment at European scale
Assessment at European scaleAssessment at European scale
The estimated input of total nitrogen into the Black Sea The estimated input of total nitrogen into the Black Sea (1 000 t per year)(1 000 t per year)
CountryCountry DomesticDomestic IndustrialIndustrial RiverineRiverine SubtotalSubtotal
Bulgaria Bulgaria 2.52.5 71.071.0 19.219.2 92.792.7GeorgiaGeorgia 1.61.6 0.00.0 0.00.0 1.61.6RomaniaRomania 0.90.9 44.444.4 132.0132.0 177.3177.3
Russian FederationRussian Federation 0.40.4 0.00.0 62.362.3 62.762.7
TurkeyTurkey 5.45.4 0.60.6 32.032.0 38.038.0UkraineUkraine 9.59.5 31.031.0 36.336.3 76.876.8Other countriesOther countries 198.3198.3SubtotalSubtotal 20.320.3 146.9146.9 281.8281.8 647.3647.3
Source: Black Sea Commission (2002).
Assessment at European scaleAssessment at European scale
The estimated input of total The estimated input of total phosphorusphosphorus into the Black Sea into the Black Sea (1 000 t per year)(1 000 t per year)
Source: Black Sea Commission (2002).
CountryCountry DomesticDomestic IndustrialIndustrial RiverineRiverine SubtotalSubtotal
Bulgaria Bulgaria 0.70.7 0.00.0 1.91.9 2.62.6
GeorgiaGeorgia 0.40.4 0.00.0 0.00.0 0.40.4
RomaniaRomania 0.30.3 0.30.3 11.011.0 11.611.6
Russian FederationRussian Federation 0.50.5 0.00.0 6.16.1 6.66.6
TurkeyTurkey 2.22.2 0.10.1 3.63.6 5.95.9
UkraineUkraine 2.62.6 1.71.7 5.75.7 9.99.9
Other countriesOther countries 13.613.6
SubtotalSubtotal 6.76.7 2.02.0 28.228.2 50.550.5
What is needed in the future?What is needed in the future?
• Results from source apportionment studies are important in the policy formation process and in monitoring the implementation of policies and the effective measures.
•A European-wide source apportioment of nutrient loads could be carried out applying a relevant source apportionment tool at regular intervals (3-5 years using the Eionet-water network).
• Statistical model should be developed and calibrated for diffuse nutrient losses. Such statistical models should be developed for different regions in Europe and calibrated for present-day conditions regarding nutrient surplus and agricultural practices.
This will erquire extention of Eionet-water database with
- annual nutrient discharges
- annual nutrient retention data
- average groundwater residence times in hydrogeological regions- infromation on agricultural practicies (soil type, land use, topography, etc.)
Thank you for your attantion!Thank you for your attantion!