PRESENTED BY THE WRITE PLACE © 2007 (CREATED AND REVISED BY C. MOHRBACHER) Information modified from APA Publication Manual 5th ed. APA Manuscript and

PRESENTED BY THE WRITE PLACE © 2007(CREATED AND REVISED BY C. MOHRBACHER)

Information modified from APA *Publication Manual* 5th ed.

APA Manuscript and Documentation

Format

Workshop Goals


This APA workshop is not comprehensive.

However, you willbetter understand the citation

and documentation conventions of APA

know what APA resources are available

APA Overview


Published in 1929 as a set of procedures in Psychological Bulletin.

Widely used in psychology and other social sciences.

Two important features emphasize timely research

-Year of publication is most important info

-Page numbers only used for

direct quotations (not for paraphrases or summaries) Approach called the

“author/year” system.

Main Sections of APA Document

Title page

Abstract

Main Body Divided into sections according to type

and discipline or field (e.g. Literature review, Methodology, Experiments)

References


Writing Style and Voice

Rarely use first or second person

Try to adhere to active construction

Be clear and concise. Avoid poetic or prosaic description in most cases.

Use simple descriptions and plain language in most cases

Word choice: Use language of field. When describing research: participants,

subjects or respondents Verbs (e.g., research proves or suggests or

indicates)


Headings

Level 1 Headings Are Centered and Require Standard Capitalization

Level 2 Headings Are Centered and Italicized with Standard Capitalization

Level 3 Headings Are Italicized, Flush-Left with Standard Capitalization

Level 4 headings are indented: Only first words and words after colons capitalized; end with a period.Text follows immediately.

LEVEL 5 HEADINGS ARE CENTERED IN ALL CAPS


Cover Page Format


The Psychology of Web Usability 1

Running Head: THE PSYCHOLOGY OF WEB USABILITY

The Psychology of Web Usability:

Does it Really Matter?

Jose Perez

Psychology 3000, Section 09

Professor H. Forbes

May 2, 2007

Citing Quotations


Horner and Lu (1999) argue that even after all of these years of supporting process over product, we still aren’t as sensitive to non-native English speakers as we could be, although “interest in multiculturalism” has refocused some of our efforts (p. 168).

The “fuzzy” rule: All direct quotations need a page number. Advice: check with professor or publisher for information on whether page numbers are required for stats, paraphrases, and summaries.

Parenthetical Citations


Author named in signal phrase:Jones (1998) has argued that the heat index . . .

Author named in parenthetical citation:The heat index plays a big part in the presentation of data (Jones, 1998).

Two authors: Use both names in all citations: Jones and LaPlante (2000) maintain that Wang’s experiment fail to take into account the researcher effect.

Wang’s experiment failed to take the researcher effect in to account (Jones & LaPlante, 2000).

Parentheticals (cont.)


3 to 5 authors: List all authors’ names for first reference. In subsequent references list first author and et al.

First Reference

Jones, Wang, Smith, Harris, and Niemi (2001) argue that the number of married women over thirty has decreased since 1980.

Subequent reference

Despite earlier claims, Jones et al. (2001) suggest that married women’s salaries have increased over the last twenty years.

6 or more authors: Use only first author’s name and et al. in every citation.



Corporate or group author: Spell out first time it is used, followed by abbreviation in brackets. In later citations, use only abbreviation.

First citation. (Center for Disease Control [CDC], 2001)Subsequent citations. (CDC, 2001)

Author unknown: Use title or first few words of title (in cases of long titles) in signal phrase or parenthetical citation.

Two or more authors w/same surname: Include authors first initial(s) in every citation.

H. Johnson (2002) said that every study in the group was enlightening.



2 or more works w/i the same parenthesis: Arrange works in the same order in which they appear in the reference list. List only dates in subsequent instances.

Past research (Doe & Harris, 1999, 2004) indicates the presence of . .

Nonetheless, the presence of oxygen, according to past studies (1999, 2004), obliges us to . .

If listing 2 or more works by the same author, list dates chronologically, beginning with oldest date.

Past research (Harris, 1997, 2004) indicates the presence of . . .



Personal communication: Includes emails, letters, memos, electronic discussion groups, bulletin boards or listserves.

Cite personal communication in text only, NOT in reference list. Give initials, as well as surname of communicator and provide as exact a date as possible.

Examples: The writing center budget at Liberal Arts University does not allow for ESL studies due to limited staff and support services (G. K. Loftus, personal communication, September 4, 2005).

Liberal Arts University’s writing center budget prohibits ESL, according to its director G. K. Loftus (personal communication, September 4, 2005), because of limited staff support.

Reference List


Start list on separate page after the text of document, but before any appendices or notes.

Type heading, “References,” one inch from top and center. Don’t italicize, bold, underline, or enclose in quotation marks.

Double-space and begin the first source entry. Double-space entire list.

List sources alphabetically by first word of entry (generally, but not always, author’s last name).

Use a hanging indent format (1st line of source flush w/left margin; subsequent lines of that source indented ½ inch or 5 spaces.

Reference List


Book, one author: Hoffman, B. (1993). Dreaming big. New York:

Warner.

Book, two authors:Jackson, M. & Dogg, S. (1985). Dancing and dissing.

New York: Wiley.

Book, more than 6 authors:Salmi, T., Mann, S., Gordo, L., Ford, G., Dimwit, T.

H., Peppa, S., et al. Leaving on a jet plane. (2007). New York: Penguin.

Corporate or Group Author:American Federation of Pez Collectors. (1996).

Finding the elusive spiderman pez. Paris: Wiley.

Book by Unknown Author:Entertainment atlas of the western hemisphere.

(1988). Washington, DC: National Entertainment Society.

Selection from book with editor:West G. The postmodern crisis in cereal box design.

In R. Torn, D. Moore, & F. Sinatra (Eds.) Design crises in breakfast cereal (pp. 677-710). New York: Routledge.

Reference List (cont.)


Translation:Luciano, L. (1959). Risky behavior in Chicago

groups (J. Demme & J. Simpson, Trans.) Glencoe, IL: Free Press of Glencoe.

Edition other than the first:Cohan, G. T. (1977). Class and underclass: a study

in hierarchical structures (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

One volume of multivolume work: Santos P. & Jones O. B. (Eds.). (1980). Life spans

and language development. (Vol. 4). New York: Basic Books.

Government Document:U. S. Bureau of the Census. (1975). Historical

statistics of the United States, colonial times to 1870. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Electronic Document References


Order of information1. Author2. Date of publication or most

recent update3. Title of document on Web site4. Title of Website or section of site5. Date of Access6. URL of document

Example

Special Education Department. (2007). Program options and description. In Graduate programs. Retrieved November 30, 2007, from http://www.stcloudstate.edu/sped/graduate/default.asp


References

American Psychological Association. (1994; APA). Publication manual of the American

Psychological Association (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. [Book with a

corporate author who is also the publisher. Note only the first word and the

proper noun are capitalized in the book title.]

Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Coppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993). Role

of early supervisory experience in supervisor performances. Journal of Applied

Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved October 23, 2000, from Psych- ARTICLES

database. [This is an electronic copy of a journal article that exists in print

but was retrieved from a database. Note the volume # as well as the title is

italicized. Use the hard copy page #'s.]

Chou, L. (1993). Choosing pasts and imagining futures. Retrieved August 24, 2000,

from Columbia University, Institute for Learning Technologies Web Site:

http://www.ilt.Columbia.edu/publications/papers/newwine1.html [This is an

authored article from a website.]

Holt, R. R. (1959). Researchmanship on how to write a dissertation in clinical

psychology without really trying. American Psychologist, 14, 151-162. [Note the

title of the journal article is not in quotes & only the first word is

capitalized. The hard copy of this journal was used, so no database is

referred to.]

May, R. B., Masson, M. E., & Hunter, M. A. (1990). Application of statistics in behavioral

research. New York: Harper & Row. [This is a simple book with three authors.

It is the most basic of entries.]

Recommended APA Resources


Write Place Writing Assistant

Purdue OWL

Research and Documentation in the Electronic Age 4th ed. by Diana Hacker

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 5th ed. (long or concise version)

Documents

PRESENTED BY THE WRITE PLACE © 2007 (CREATED AND REVISED BY C. MOHRBACHER) Information modified from APA *Publication Manual* 5th ed. APA Manuscript and

PRESENTED BY THE WRITE PLACE © 2007 (CREATED AND REVISED BY C. MOHRBACHER) Information modified from APA Publication Manual 5th ed. APA Manuscript and