Congratulations!

President Obama has given you permission to create and enforce one new law in the United States. Assume that Congress will agree with and automatically pass your law.

Write it down now.

Part II: Convincing the People

Now, you must convince the people of the United States that your law is a good idea.

List the reasons why they should support this law.

THE ART OF PERSUASION

An Overview

What is Persuasion?

To influence the beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors of your audience

To change their idea toward an idea, event, object, or person

To use written or spoken words to convey information, feelings, and reasoning

Aristotle Ancient Greek philosopher and

scientist On Rhetoric

Persuasion is technical; uses method

Three modes of persuasion:LogosPathosEthos

“Persuasion is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible… Secondly, persuasion may come through the hearers, when the speech stirs their emotions…Thirdly, persuasion is effected through the speech itself when we have proved a truth or an apparent truth by means of the persuasive arguments suitable to the case in question.”

Logos

Logical appeal

Facts and figures support the

topic

CAUTION: Ensure information

is accurate and makes sense

Pathos

Appeal to audience’s emotions

Most effective when speaker

agrees with values of reader/

audience

CAUTION: Powerful, but won’t

completely carry a speech

Ethos Appeal to honesty/ authority of

speaker

Demonstrates your credibility on the

topic

CAUTION: You must build your

audience’s trust

Who Would You Rather Have as a Leader?

Example: Problem: You want pizza, but your

mother won’t order it Logos: It would be more fiscally

responsible to order pizza, since you have a coupon.

Pathos: You understand how tired she must be from working and cleaning all day.

Ethos: You are known to give good advice on ordering dinner.

For Further Reference:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4tTugqBkJU

Period 1 and 2 Warm-Up:

On a half sheet of paper, convince Ms. Jurewicz to buy pizza for everyone in the class.Use the four argumentative

techniques and one persuasive technique.

In addition, address at least one counterclaim she may make.

Rhetorical Devices In Argument

Use of Rhetorical Devices

Sound – add poetic melody;

make speech enjoyable to hear

Alliteration/Assonance

Onomatopoeia

Use of Rhetorical Devices Repetition

Use the same word or phrase more

than once

Adds emphasis

Connects ideas throughout text

Use of Rhetorical Devices

ParallelismUses similar grammatical constructions to express ideas that are related or equal in importance

Often creates a rhythm

Use of Rhetorical Devices

Figurative Language

Adds interest/narrative quality

Personification

Simile

Metaphor

Use of Rhetorical Devices Technical Language

Specific words and phrases associated with a particular subject or topic

Shows your expertise in the field you are discussing (i.e., builds ethos)

Example: technical language for English: claim, metaphor, haiku ; technical language for football: touchdown, safety, tight end

Rhetorical devices are useful for everyday situations, especially

business:

Metaphors and analogies = explain new

concepts/visions for your company.

Repetition = emphasize key results or

recommendations.

Alliteration = slogans, mantras, etc.

Technical language = shows you are

knowledgeable about the subject matter

Rhetorical Device Practice

Identify at least three types of rhetorical devices used in the following excerpt from John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address. Explain how each device contributes to/strengthens the argument.

“The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe—the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage—and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge—and more…”

Introductory Prompt

Discuss with your tables: Why is world peace so hard to achieve?

Summarizing Activity

On a half sheet of paper, use each of the five vocab words in a sentence.

(impetuous, deficit, hiatus, laudable, prestigious)

Works Cited“A General Summary of Aristotle’s Appeals.” 14

November 2012. Web. http://courses.durhamtech.edu/perkins/aris.html

Dlugan, Andrew. “Ethos, Pathos, Logos: Three Pillars of Public Speaking.” 14 November 2012. Web. <http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/ethos-pathos-logos/>

"Persuasion". Business Dictionary. Retrieved 9 May 2012. <http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/persuasion.html>

Seiter, Robert H. Gass, John S. (2010). Persuasion, Social Influence, and Compliance Gaining (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 33. ISBN 0-205-69818-2.

Now Apply It!

Groups:

Group 1: Morgan, Andrew, LeviGroup 2: David, Demetrious, MiqelGroup 3: Shaylah, Adin, BreanneGroup 4: Kirsten, Jack, MadisonGroup 5: Madison, Ian, AbdelGroup 6:Ryan, Jazmyne, Chloe

Directions:

1. In small groups, you will read and analyze a famous political speech.

2. Use the back of your note sheet to identify evidence of research, organization, elements of persuasion, and overall effectiveness.

3. If you finish early, your next step will be to once again revisit Old Major’s speech from Animal Farm. Compare/ contrast the two on a separate sheet of paper, looking for evidence of these same elements.

Answer this Closing Question:

Based on what you have learned in the past two days about the qualities of a good speech, create a written outline of specific ways you will ensure that your speech is effective.