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Stress calculations for a 5 foot Long 2 foot in

diameter cylindrical pressure vessel during

normal operation pressure of 150 psi

Hoop Stress or Stress in the Circumferential

Direction = Pr/t

With P = 150 psi, r = 12 in, and t = .25 in

Hoop Stress = 7200 psi

Axial Stress = Pr/2t

With P = 150 psi, r = 12 in, and t = .25 in

Axial Stress = 3600 psi

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Max pressure calculations for a 5 foot Long

2 foot in diameter cylindrical pressure

vessel

Calculations based on Grade B pipe with aMinimum Yield Strength: 35000 psit = .25 in

r = 12 in

Max Pressure based on Hoop Stress = 35000 psiPressure = 729.17 psi

Max Pressure based on Axial Stress = 35000 psiPressure = 1458.3 psi

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Stress calculations for 12 in diameter

spherical end caps during normal operation

pressure of 150 psi.

Hoop Stress = Axial Stress = Pr/2t With P = 150 psi, r = 6 in, and t = .25 in

Hoop Stress = 1800 psi

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Max pressure calculations for 12 in

diameter end caps

Calculations based on Grade b pipe with a

Minimum Yield Strength: 35000 psi

t = .25 in

r = 6 in

Max Pressure based on Hoop Stress = 35000 psi

Max Pressure = 2916.7 psi

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Results

Based on the previous calculations we have

determined that the limiting factor in regard

to max pressure within the pressure vessel is

the Hoop Stress for the cylindrical pressurechamber. But it is still 3.86 times the intended

operation pressure of 150 psi.

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Heating System Selection

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Convection Incoloy Tubular Heating selected Is most common in commercial autoclaves

Easily obtained used in home appliances

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Insulation of Vessel

Prevent heat from escaping (minimize power required toheat)

Keep surface temperature low to prevent burning danger

Can also add outer covering, i.e. sheet metal (extra cost)

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Insulation Thickness

0.4 m O.D. corresponds to a 3.5 insulation layer

Common (R13)

No real gains if any thicker

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Heating of Vessel

Surface temp. at 3.5 thickness is 80F

Heat loss also levels off at 3.5

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Total power to maintain max. temp: ~470W

Total power to heat up air at 15F/min (total 27min): ~1.5kW

Allowing for thermal mass of

parts/molds/pipe, ~4-5 kW needed Can easily be run on 240V power

Elements can be obtained to provide this

Blowers inside vessel will help maintain

uniform temp.

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Estimated Heating System Costs

63 ft^2 R13 fiberglass ($20)

4-5kW incoloy tubular heating element ($250)

Potential sheet metal covering ($125) Shipping, fittings, etc ($125 est.)

Subsystem estimated total: $400-$500