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8/2/2019 Prest WM Abridged) Envirotech 17.3
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Hands on Training in Appropriate
Instrumentation and Techniquesfor Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.New Delhi, March 17, 2012
Presentation on
Waste Minimisation &Zero Discharge
by
Dr. Dilip B. Boralkar
Former Member SecretaryMaharashtra Pollution Control Board, Mumbai
www.boralkar.com
Organised by
M/s Envirotech Insruments Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
http://www.boralkar.com/http://www.boralkar.com/http://www.boralkar.com/8/2/2019 Prest WM Abridged) Envirotech 17.3
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Introduction The waste minimization can be phrased differently:
Waste reduction or waste strength reduction;
Application of clean technologies or green technologies
Pollution prevention;
Environment-friendly technologies (LNWT)
The preference, naturally, will be reflected in the following order:
No waste generation at all
If waste is generated, it is recycled Residual wastes reduction v/w and in toxicity by treatment
Disposal of treated residues should be so smooth that it does not
adversely affect the recipient body (for example, discharge of
treated effluent through an out fall diffuser).
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WM Program: Critical StepsApproach of out of site, out of mind to be changed
WM program to aim
Waste Quantity
Waste Toxicity
Recovery
ExpenditurePotential Risk
SavingRaw Material cost
SavingWaste Disposal
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Preparation of WM Program:
Waste Audit : Characterize waste streams
Emission inventory : Quantification of release
Fugitive loss control
Good operating practice (GOP)
Good maintenance practice (GMP)
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WM Techniques
Technology selected depends on nature of waste andtype of contaminants such as :
Contaminants Type Break-up
1. Organic Organic liquids, soils, sludge sediments Petroleum contaminated soils, sludge sediments Solvent contaminated soils, sludge sediments Rubber goods, tyre, belts, polymers, etc.
2. Inorganic Metal containing solutions Metal containing soils, sludge sediments Slag, bottom ashes, fly ash, foundry sands Batteries, mercury containing materials, etc.
3. Misc. Chemical tanks, demolition debris, transformers, ballasts,etc.
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Waste Recycling Technologies : a.Wastes containing organics
Waste type Possible recycling technology
Organic solvent & petroleum product Distillation, energy recovery, decanting
Soils-sludge-sediments, solvent/ petroleumcontaminated or organic sledges
Energy recovery, decanting, thermaldesorption, solvent extraction
VOCs In-situ vacuum extraction,
Non-aqueous phase liquids (O & G) Pump and recover
Dissolved organics Freeze- crystallization
Propellant & explosives Energy recovery, extraction, reuse
Lead acid battery cases Energy recovery and/or reuse
Rubber goods (tyres, belts) Energy recovery, size reduction, reuse
Liquid monomers Distillation, energy recovery
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Waste Recycling Technologies : b. Wastes containing inorganics
Waste type Possible recycling technologyMetal containingsolutions
Crystallization, precipitation, ion-exchange, RO, evaporation,cementation, electrowinning
Metal containingsoil, sludge,sediment, slag
Chemical leaching, solidification,vitrification,
Abrasive blasting
material, foundrysand
Use as raw material for cement,
vetrification
Lead acid & Ni-Cdbatteries
Chemical leaching, pyro-metallurgical processing, physical
separation
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Waste Recycling Technologies : c. Miscellaneous waste
Waste type Possible recycling technology
Scrap chemicaltanks, pipes
Decontamination anddisassembly
Non-metalstructures anddemolition debris
Separation and disassembly, useas construction material
Wood debris Energy recovery
Transformer &ballast
PCB flush and treat, metalrecovery
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Recycling Technologies
Distillation
Energy recovery (general)
Energy recovery (cementkiln)
Thermal desorption
Solvent extraction
Freeze crystallization Chemolysis
Thermolysis
Chemical precipitation
Ion Exchange
Liquid ion exchange (LIX)
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Diffusion dialysis (DD)
Electrolysis (ED)
Evaporation
Cement raw materials
Physical separation
Adsorption
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Implementation of WM ProgramA. Training
B. Raw material control
C. Managing utilities Boiler performance
A/F ratio Flue gas analysis Temperature O&M
Combustion in oil fired boiler Energy Pumps Fans Air compressors
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Implementation of WM Program
D. Hardware & Machinery
Efficiency
Mechanical separation
Equipment modificationsE. Process Modification
Reactors
Effectiveness of catalysts
Heat exchangers : cause of waste due to reduced efficiency Distillation columns : cause of waste due to reduced
efficiency
D. Catalyst : Hastens reaction, increased conversion,reduced waste
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Pollution of rivers due to sewage disposal:
Need for Zero DischargeThe dumping and discharge of untreated or
partially treated sewage and industrial waste
waters into the rivers is the principal causeof the slow death of these rivers.
The rivers systems are biologically dead.
People living on river banks suffer fromseveral ailments caused by microorganismspenetrating the food chain through suchcontaminated water sources.
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Continued
In order to bring the river back to life, weneed to impose more stringent standards for
the treatment and discharge of domesticsewage and industrial effluent
It is now achievable with newly available,
cost-effective, not-so-space intensive andenvironmentally sound technologies.
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Past Experience
A BOD of 30 mg/litre is nationalstandard for the disposal of treatedsewage or trade effluent into surface
water streams.The limit, though high, is not stringent
enough and it does not includeremoval of nitrogen and phosphorous
which are responsible foreutrophication of our water bodies.
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continued
In fact, the efforts of 38 years of theimplementation of the Water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act, 1974 and 25 years of theimplementation of the Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986 have not yieldedresults of even minimum satisfactionlevel.
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Technologies
In the last few years several welcome technologicaldevelopments have taken place which ifimplemented would bring the rivers back to life.
The new technologies which include theSequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Moving Bed BioReactor (MBBR), Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR),Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)
technology etc. are more efficient and more costeffective.
They require less space and save local municipalcorporations huge costs on land requirements.
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continued
They can deliver 4 to 5 times better resultsas compared with those of conventionaltechnologies that were set up based on the
30 BOD standard: they can achieve anaverage of BOD 5mg/L for treated sewagewith maximum being
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Policy
Policy interventions are required toseize the initiative and momentumfor river conservation gathered not
only at the government level butalso in public forums.
We have in the past decades ofdevelopment taken away the life ofthe rivers.
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continued
We are solely responsible forreversing that situation.
If we do not do that in theimmediate future, especially when
we now have the technology, thecoming generation will neverforgive us.
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Thanks very much!
For more information visit:
www.boralkar.com