PRIMITIVE, SUMERIAN, AND EARLY EGYPTIAN EDUCATION
PRIMITIVE, SUMERIAN, AND EARLY EGYPTIAN EDUCATIONBy Jeffrey
MacalinoPRIMITIVE EDUCATION: Aims of Primitive EducationSecurity
and SurvivalNatural DisasterWild AnimalsEvil spiritsHungerOther
tribesConformity Preservation and transmission of
traditionsPRIMITIVE EDUCATION: Types of EducationVocational (basic
necessity)Religious (animistic)PRIMITIVE EDUCATION: Content to be
StudiedWays of procuring the basic necessities in life and of
protecting life from dangers.Superstitions.PRIMITIVE EDUCATION:
Agencies of EducationHomeEnvironmentPRIMITIVE EDUCATION:
Organization of GradesNonePRIMITIVE EDUCATION: Methods of
InstructionAll instruction was done informallyObservation and
imitationSimple telling and demonstrationParticipationPRIMITIVE
EDUCATION: FinancingNonePRIMITIVE EDUCATION: Outstanding
Contribution to EducationThe primitive man started the rudiments of
education from which evolved the modern educational systems of
today.SUMERIAN: Aims of Primitive EducationTraining of
scribesTraining of bookkeepersTraining of teachersTraining of
learners to be goodSUMERIAN: Types of EducationWriting education
(cuneiform)Mathematical education (low digit counting)Language
educationVocational educationProfessional educationArt
educationSUMERIAN: Content to be StudiedReading, writing, little
arithmeticAstronomy for predicting the planting and
reapingArchitecture, agriculture, and hydraulicsJewelry
designingCarpentry, ship building, smithingSome simple rules and
regulations to be obeyed were taught and followed by the people in
their conduct of their daily lifeSUMERIAN: Agencies of
EducationHomeSchoolTemple schoolApprentice schoolsSUMERIAN:
Organization of GradesThere were already organized classesThere was
higher education for the professions. Education was not
universal.SUMERIAN: Methods of InstructionImitation and
copyingPreparation of tabletsSUMERIAN: FinancingIt is not clear
whether the students paid tuition fees or not but most probably the
students paid certain amounts.SUMERIAN: Outstanding Contribution to
EducationSumerias outstanding contribution to education and
especially to civilization was its cuneiform writing. EARLY
EGYPTIAN: Aims of Primitive EducationTraining of
scribesReligiousUtilitarianPreservation of cultural patternsEARLY
EGYPTIAN: Types of EducationReligious
educationVocational-professional educationMilitary
educationEducation for public administrationPriesthood
educationHome arts educationWriting, reading, and language
education.EARLY EGYPTIAN: Content to be StudiedReading, writing,
and languageReligious and secular literatureArtistry in metals and
lapidaryMathematics, especially geometry and surveying.Subjects in
astronomy, engineering, architecture, physics, medicine, embalming,
dentistry, and law were taught in the temple schools by the
priests.Music, dancing, playing instruments and clapping to
rhythm.Sports, games, and physical education with swimming,
wrestling, archeryThe military schools offered training in the use
of the bow and arrow, battle ax, lance, mace, and shield.EARLY
EGYPTIAN: Agencies of EducationHomeTemple schoolsMilitary
schoolsCourt schoolsVocational schoolsEARLY EGYPTIAN: Organization
of GradesThe young studied at home. Mother as teacherAt age 5, boys
attended the reading and writing schools under the priests if the
parents could afford to pay the school fees.At 17, boys entered the
schools that offered their vocations.EARLY EGYPTIAN: Methods of
InstructionApprenticeshipDictation, memorization, copying,
imitation, repetition.Observation and participationEARLY EGYPTIAN:
FinancingThe students had to pay a certain amount of school fees
even in the lower schoolsEARLY EGYPTIAN: Outstanding Contribution
to EducationGeometrical measurement and surveying.
