Presented By: PRINCEECE 5TH SEM

COMMUNICATION &

SIGNALLINGAT

RAILWAY

CONTENTS: 1) Introduction2) Railway Signaling3) Train Traffic Control4) Communication System 5) Microwave Transmission6) Optical Fiber Communication

INTRODUCTION : FOUNDED IN 16TH APRIL,1853(ABOUT 161

YEARS AGO).

HEAD QUARTER IS IN NEW DELHI,INDIA.

REVENU IS 1441.67 BILLION INC (2014-2015).

PROFIT IS 157.8 BILLION INC (2014-2015).

ABOUT 1.307 MILLION EMPLOYEES (2015).

THERE ARE 17 RAILWAY ZONES.

Indian Railways is an Indian state-owned enterprise, owned and operated by the Government of India through the Ministry of Railways.

It is the world's Fourth largest railway networks comprising 115,000 km of track over a route of 65,436 km and 7,172 stations.

Railways were first introduced to India in 1853 from Bombay to Thane.

Indian Railways is the world's ninth largest commercial or utility employer, by number of employees.

RAILWAY SIGNALING: A signal is a mechanical or electrical device erected

besides are railway line to pass information relating to the state of the line ahead to train.

It is a system use to safely direct railway traffic in order to prevent trains from colliding.

AUTOMATIC SIGNAL SYSTEM:

TYPES OF SIGNAL:1. BLOCK SIGNAL2. TRAIN DETECTION 3. FIXED SIGNAL4. MECHANICAL SIGNAL5. COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL6. CAB SIGNAL

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL: Railway control circuit are omnibus

telephone circuits, which provides communication with each train working point.

They should provide satisfactory and reliable communication between the controller and various way side station , important signal cabin, loco sheds, yard offices.

TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM:1. Section Control/Train Control2. Deputy Control3. Traction Loco Control4. Emergency Control5. Emergency Wireless Control

Communication

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM:

The process of sending and receiving signal between two station through different medium in known as communication system.

In communication system there are three essential components that should be consider.

1. Sending (Tx)2. Receiving (Rx) 3. Medium

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY• Optical Systems• Microwave Systems• Wireless Media• Radio System• Telephone Systems• Passenger Information• Public Address Systems• Signal Post Telephones

Over Head communicationUnderground Communicatio

nMicrowave

CommunicationOptical

Communication

OVER HEAD COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION:Microwave communication system is to

transmitted information from one place to another place without interruption and

clear reproduction at the receiver.

MICROWAVE SYSTEMS

• Microwave communication is line of signal radio communication.

• Microwave communication can be analog or digital.

Propagation Types 1.Ground wave propagation

2.Line of signal propagation

3.Sky wave propagation

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSON:Microwave transmission refers to the technology

of transmitting information or energy by the use of electromagnetic waves whose wavelengths are

conveniently measured in small numbers of centimetre, these are called microwaves. This part of the radio

spectrum ranges across frequencies of roughly 1.0 GHz to 30 GHz.

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION:

Optical fiber communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The

light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information.

There is two types of optical fiber:OPTICAL FIBER:

1. SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER is an optical fiber in which only the lowest order bound mode can propagate at the wavelength of interest typically 1300- 1320 nm.

2. MULTI MODE OPTICAL FIBER is an optical fiber in which light waves are dispersed into numerous path or modes as travel through the cables core typically 850 or 1300 nm.

THANK YOU……