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Principles of Anatomy and Physiology in Sport

Session 3 – The Skeletal System

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Re-Cap Last Session

• Functions of skeletal system – Name the 6??

• Bone structure – components??

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Bone Structure

• Compact Bone– Found at the

shaft or diaphysis of long bones

– External layer of bone that copes with the stresses of PA

• Cancellous Bone– Referred to as

the spongy part of a bone

– Found under the external layer of compact bone

– Bone marrow is found in this part of the bone

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Aim

• To complete assignment 1

Objectives

• To be able to identify and describe each classification of bone

• To be able to link the function a bone to a specific classification

Aims & Objectives

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Activity • With your partner work

together to list and briefly describe the 5 classifications (types) of bone

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Bone Classification

• There are 5 different types of bone, which are classified according to their shape, size & function

– Long – Short– Flat– Irregular – Sesamoid

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Classification of Bones

Bones are classified according to their function.

1. (Protection/calcium storage) FLAT BONES

2. (Protection) IRREGULAR BONES

3. (Levers/blood cell production) LONG BONES

4. SHORT BONES

5. SESAMOID

.

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Activity

• Individually think back to the previous session and try to give 3 examples of bone for each classification e.g. long bone - femur

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Bone Classification

Types of bone

Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid

HumerusUlnaTibiaFibulaRadiusFemur

TarsalsCarpalsMetatarsalsMetacarpalsPhalanges

CraniumScapularClaviclePelvisSternumRibsFacial Bones

VertebraeCoccyx

Patella

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Short Bone

• Consists mainly of cancellous bone surrounded by a thin outer layer of compact bone, e.g. metacarpals

• Often used in fine movement

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Flat or Plate Bones

• Consists of 2 outer layers of compact bone between which is a layer of cancellous bone

• Provide protection to internal organs, most importantly the brain

• Allow for muscle attachments, e.g. scapula

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Irregular & Sesamoid Bones• Irregular

– 2 outer layers of compact bone with cancellous bone between them

– Complex in shape, e.g. vertebrae. Vertebral column provides movement, protection of the spinal cord and support for muscles of the back

• Sesamoid– Bones that are embedded in tendons, e.g. patella

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Summary

• 5 classifications of bone

• Functions of each classification

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Objectives

• To be able to identify and describe each classification of bone

• To be able to link the function of a bone to a specific classification

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Next Session

• Assignment 1!!!