Principles of GovernmentChapter 1

Chapter 1 Objectives1. Government & The State: Definition, Powers,

Characteristics, theories, and purpose.

2. Forms of Government: Characteristics, systems, distributed power amongst states and branches.

3. Basic Concepts of Democracy: Foundations, Free Enterprise connections, internet and democracy connections.

Politics and Government Politics: “those who seek to Control and Influence

Government” Politics: The authoritative way of deciding who

gets What, When, How Much. Politics: The art of establishing benefits and

privileges for its majority constituents “elitism” , or “majoritarianism”.

Politics: It is everywhere, “Its not what you know, but who you know”; quid pro quo, logrolling, you scratch my back, I will scratch yours.

Politics and the People

Politics and Government Government: “Ultimate” authority deciding Who

gets What, When, How Much. Who has policy & economic privileges and who will not.

Government: is the institution of victorious politicians.

1. Legislative Power 2. Executive Power 3. Judicial Power 4. Bureaucratic Power

Government & the People

Authority and Legitimacy Authority: Military and Police to execute

laws. 1. War on Drugs, Prostitution, Hiring Quotas,

Taxes & Subsidies, Compulsory School, etc…

Legitimacy: Broad Popular support 1. Adolf Hitler, Mao Zedong, B. Mussolini, J.

Stalin, F. Castro, H. Chavez, S. Hussein

Limiting Government Power Too much democratic order with too many rules

and regulations leads to Dictatorship; a lack of Natural Rights and Economic Freedom 1. Iraq: Saddam Hussein 2. Iran: Women’s Rights 3. Somalia: Civil War 4. Sudan: Civil War 5. Kenya: Civil War 6. Venezuela: Socialist Dictator

Democracy & the Individual

How Government affects your daily life Personal:

List 5: If you had an

opportunity to vote on the policies, would your vote support or oppose? Why?

Economic: List 5: If you had an

opportunity to vote on the policies, would your vote support or oppose? Why?

The State:

Definite territory

Political Community/Government

Sovereignty: Popular, State, & National

Population

A Nation: A Nation:

1.1. Common bonds of raceCommon bonds of race

2.2. Common LanguageCommon Language

3.3. Common CustomsCommon Customs

4.4. Common TraditionsCommon Traditions

5.5. Common ReligionCommon Religion Is the United States of America a Is the United States of America a

nation? Why? Why not?nation? Why? Why not?

2010: Demographics2010: Demographics

Nation-State: Nation-State:

A A nation-statenation-state has characteristics of has characteristics of both a state and a nation.both a state and a nation.

ListList a few nation-states using the literal a few nation-states using the literal definitions of both a state and a nation. definitions of both a state and a nation. ExplainExplain your answers. your answers.

4 Features of a State4 Features of a State

1.1. PopulationPopulation: : ConsensusConsensus; general political ; general political and social agreements.and social agreements.

1.1. ListList 3 agreements; Personal & Economic Issues 3 agreements; Personal & Economic Issues2.2. ListList 3 disagreements; Personal & Economic 3 disagreements; Personal & Economic

IssuesIssues

2.2. ExplainExplain our population our population’’s political shift s political shift towards the left since the year 1992. towards the left since the year 1992.

3.3. WhoWho are they? are they? WhatWhat groups? groups? ListList 5 groups 5 groups shifting our nation towards the left. shifting our nation towards the left. ExplainExplain 5 reasons for the shift. 5 reasons for the shift.

Malcolm X & SegregationMalcolm X & Segregation

4 Features of a State4 Features of a State

2.2. TerritoryTerritory: established boundaries: established boundaries1.1. ExplainExplain the lack of government the lack of government

enforcement of politically established enforcement of politically established boundaries regarding the illegal boundaries regarding the illegal immigration issue.immigration issue.

Immigration Laws & TerritoryImmigration Laws & Territory

4 Features of the State4 Features of the State

3. 3. SovereigntySovereignty: Independent, separate, : Independent, separate, no higher authority…no higher authority…

a. a. ExplainExplain the phrase… the phrase…””God is God is sovereignsovereign””

b. b. RelateRelate the phrase and it the phrase and it’’s meaning s meaning to a nation being sovereign.to a nation being sovereign.

c. Is the United States or any state in c. Is the United States or any state in the world today sovereign? the world today sovereign? ExplainExplain your answers.your answers.

Individual Worth & DignityIndividual Worth & Dignity

4 Features of the State4 Features of the State

4. 4. GovernmentGovernment: :

a. maintain social ordera. maintain social order

b. provide public servicesb. provide public services

c. make decisions within the statec. make decisions within the state

d. protect traditions and customsd. protect traditions and customs

e. defend rule of lawe. defend rule of law

f. common defensef. common defense

4 Theories of the Origin of the State4 Theories of the Origin of the State

1.1. Evolutionary TheoryEvolutionary Theory: Western : Western Culture= Judeo-Christian principles, Culture= Judeo-Christian principles, Eastern Culture=Buddhists, Taoists Eastern Culture=Buddhists, Taoists principles, Middle Eastern principles, Middle Eastern Culture=Islamic principles, etc…Culture=Islamic principles, etc…RELIGION Defines all democratic RELIGION Defines all democratic government values: government values:

Examples: Roles of Men, Women, Children, Examples: Roles of Men, Women, Children, Work, Wealth, etc…Work, Wealth, etc…ExplainExplain..

4 Theories of the Origin of the State4 Theories of the Origin of the State

2. 2. Force TheoryForce Theory: All people brought under the : All people brought under the authority of one group.authority of one group.

--Religious Differences between Christianity --Religious Differences between Christianity vs. Islam. vs. Islam. ExplainExplain. .

--Government Differences between--Government Differences between

Democratic-Republics vs. Democracies, Democratic-Republics vs. Democracies, Autocracies, DictatorshipsAutocracies, Dictatorships

--Conservatives vs. Liberals--Conservatives vs. Liberals

ExplainExplain……………………………………………………………………

4 Theories of the Origin of the State4 Theories of the Origin of the State

3. 3. Divine Right TheoryDivine Right Theory: chosen by Gods), or : chosen by Gods), or privileged classes of people (groups). privileged classes of people (groups).

1. Islam 2. Oligarchies 3. Communists1. Islam 2. Oligarchies 3. Communists

ExplainExplain: The Great Protestant experiment.: The Great Protestant experiment.

16001600’’s Protestants vs. Catholics; New Nations Protestants vs. Catholics; New Nation—America as a Democratic-Republic (no —America as a Democratic-Republic (no government created classes)government created classes)

SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATESEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE

Kings/Queens & Absolute Kings/Queens & Absolute PowerPower

4 Theories of the Origin of the State4 Theories of the Origin of the State

4. 4. Social Contract TheorySocial Contract Theory: Protestant : Protestant Experiment. John Locke, Thomas Experiment. John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, John Calvin, Martin Luther, Hobbes, John Calvin, Martin Luther, etc…etc…

--John LockeJohn Locke: Natural Rights (from God-: Natural Rights (from God-sovereignty); Life, Liberty, Propertysovereignty); Life, Liberty, Property

-Sole Purpose of Government to protect -Sole Purpose of Government to protect Natural RightsNatural Rights

Consent of the GovernedConsent of the Governed

Natural Rights Natural Rights

John Locke: John Locke: Right to break Right to break

ContractContract Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson

used Lockeused Locke’’s s theory in writing theory in writing the Declaration of the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

ReadRead: :

Thomas Hobbes: Thomas Hobbes: Must follow Must follow government rulesgovernment rules

No ability to rebel if No ability to rebel if contract is contract is violated.violated.

Formation of GovernmentsFormation of Governments

1.1. UnitaryUnitary: central authority has all the : central authority has all the power. power.

1.1. Communism, Theocracies, Socialism, Communism, Theocracies, Socialism, Dictatorships (Autocracies, Oligarchies, Dictatorships (Autocracies, Oligarchies, Democracies)Democracies)

2.2. FederalFederal: powers are divided between : powers are divided between central and state governments central and state governments

1.1. Democratic-RepublicsDemocratic-Republics

3.3. ConfederalConfederal: state governments are : state governments are sovereign from central government sovereign from central government (Articles of Confederation)(Articles of Confederation)

Constitutions and Constitutions and GovernmentGovernment

Constitutions exist in all forms & systems of Constitutions exist in all forms & systems of Government.Government.

Constitutions list the duties and powers and Constitutions list the duties and powers and limitations of government authority.limitations of government authority.

Constitutions limit the governments power Constitutions limit the governments power to legislate, execute and review.to legislate, execute and review.

Constitutions are meaningless without an Constitutions are meaningless without an educated, determined, informed public. educated, determined, informed public. Why? Use one domestic and one foreign Why? Use one domestic and one foreign policy example to support your answer.policy example to support your answer.

A Constitution is our Social A Constitution is our Social ContractContract

Our ConstitutionOur Constitution

1787 Written1787 Written 1789 Ratified1789 Ratified 1791 Bill of Rights Completed1791 Bill of Rights Completed

1.1. Set of ideals Set of ideals

2.2. Structure of government: listing powersStructure of government: listing powers

3.3. Supreme Law of the Land (Art. VI)Supreme Law of the Land (Art. VI)

4.4. Limited Limited Government!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Government!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Preamble & 7 ArticlesPreamble & 7 Articles

Read Preamble and Explain Read Preamble and Explain Read 7 Articles and Explain the Read 7 Articles and Explain the

following: following: 1.1. Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers2.2. Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances3.3. Supreme Law of the LandSupreme Law of the Land4.4. FederalismFederalism5.5. Limited GovernmentLimited Government

Types of Government

1. Autocracy: rule by one or one group.1. Adolf Hitler

2. Benito Mussolini

3. Joseph Stalin

4. Franklin D. Roosevelt: Explain

5. Non-constitutional monarchies included

Types of Government

2. Oligarchy: rule by an elite few within one group. How? Force, Wealth

1. Oil and OPEC

2. NATO, United Nations, United States

3. Organized Crime and Drugs

Types of Government3. Direct Democracy

-Propositions

-Recalls

-Referendums

-Initiatives

Representative Democracy

Elections of lawmakers

Constitutional Democracy Principle of LIMITED GOVERNMENT People (Majority), and Representatives are

LIMITED by the Constitution from enacting certain laws that infringe upon individual liberty

Division of powers:? A Constitutional Democracy prevents the

majority or the minority from gaining power of the other.

What Kind of Democracy Do We Have?

Majoritarianism: government follows will of the majority

Elite Theory: Run by a privileged minority (Democrats & Republicans)

Pluralism: Group Politics Do any of these 3 types represent a

Constitutional Democracy?

Elite Theory of Government

Dangers of Direct Democracy Masses too uneducated, too greedy, too

biased & too selfish to protect every individual’s rights under the constitution. James Madison: “Democracy is incompatible

with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths”

Direct Democracy results in Mob Rule

Stupid People Vote!

Is Direct Democracy Dangerous to Personal Freedoms?

1. Jim Crow Laws: Segregation; *****Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

2. Affirmative Action: Civil Rights Laws &. White Males

3. Illegal Immigration Laws: Lack of enforcement.

Types of Governments

4. Republics: Constitutional-Republics, U.S. Constitution

a. Government lawmakers and population is limited in it’s lawmaking powers

b. Popular Sovereignty is enforced. Explain.

Characteristics of Democracy

1. Individual Liberty

2. Majority Rule vs. Minority Rights

3. Free Elections

4. Competing Political Parties

Legislative vs. Executive Power

Presidential Government: co-equal with the legislative branch. How?

Checks and Balances…Explain

U.S.A.

• Parliamentary Government: • Chosen by the legislature• Great Britain

Concepts of Democracy 1. Worth of the Individual vs. majority rule?

Equality of individual rights 1. Equality of opportunity 2. Equality before the law

Majority Rule, Minority Rights Compromise Individual Freedom

THE AMERICAN CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY1. Worth and dignity of every person.

2. Respect for the equality of all persons. (Equality of Opportunity not Conditions)

3. Faith in majority rule and minority rights.

4. An acceptance of compromise

5. Widest possible degree of individual freedom.

Equality: Opportunity or Outcome

Democracy & Free Enterprise1. Private ownership of: Capital goods,

investments, business, & labor. 1. Private Ownership

2. Individual initiative

3. Profit

4. Competition

How Free Enterprise Works?1. The INDIVIDUAL decides:

1. What to Produce

2. How to Produce

3. Who benefits from production.

4. The Law of Supply and Demand determines the success of the individual.

America is no longer a “Free” Market or Capitalistic Economy1. Mixed Economy: Government regulates all

interstate commerce at the national level.

2. Group or Elite theory of economics: 1. Some groups may produce while others may not.

2. Some groups pay taxes while others do not.

3. Some groups may receive gov’t subsidies while others may not.

4. Some groups may receive gov’t subsidies while others may not.

Democracy & Internet The internet will cause radical change to our

existing forms of government. Why? Information at your fingertips. Voting laws. Elections. Competing Political Parties. Communicaiton