Principles of Immunology

The Inflammatory Process4/6/06

"Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by those special moments that take our breath away."

Anonymous

Word/Terms List

Acute phase proteins Cell adhesion molecules Chemotaxis HEVs ICAMs Integrins Mucins Selectins

Inflammatory Process

A localized tissue responseTriggered by trauma and/or antigenic insultMay include systemic effectsCharacterized by redness, heat, swelling, and painPrincipal cells are leukocytes and macrophages

Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

Required for extravasation

Neutrophil extravasation

Lymphocyte extravasation

Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) Selectins

Glycoproteins Bind to carbohydrates Expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells

Mucins Proteins Present CHO ligands to selectins Present on endothelial cells and neutrophils

Integrins Proteins; heterodimers Expressed on leukocytes Bind to Ig superfamily molecules

ICAMs Ig CAMs Expressed on endothelial cells Bind to integrins

Margination and Extravasation

Rolling

Activation

Arrest

Transendothelial migration

Overview of Inflammation Cells involved

Monocytes/macrophages Neutrophils

Mediators Histamine Cytokines Kinins

Vascular changes Dilation Increased permeability

Complement

Effects of Macrophage Cytokines

IL-1, IL-6, TNF alpha Pyrogenic Vascular permeability Expression of CAMs T and B cell activation Ig synthesis

Systemic Changes

Fever

Acute phase proteins

Leukocytosis

Interferon Effects

T Helper induction Macrophage activation MHC expression NK cytotoxicity B cell activation

Lymphocyte Extravasation

Naïve lymphocytes Occurs in secondary lymphoid organs Occurs in high endothelial venules

(HEVs) Lymphocte homing