Principles of Manufacturing Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved 1

1

DANGER! DANGER! HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Principles of Manufacturing

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved

2

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Chemicals are used in every walk of life. Most chemicals are used in a helpful way. Materials become hazardous when these chemicals and other products are used improperly. Hazardous materials are not just produced in chemical manufacturing, but also in service stations, hospitals, and hazardous waste sites.


3

Hazardous waste is shipped across the country all the time. It is stored, used and manufactured in major industrial plants to gardening stores. Hazardous materials can be explosive, flammable and combustible, poisonous, and radioactive materials. The materials are classified in the following classifications.


4

CLASSIFICATIONS OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Flammable liquid – liquids having a flash point below 100 degrees

Combustible liquid – liquid having a flash point between 100 and 200 degrees

Flammable solid – a material that can cause a fire through friction, absorption of moisture or chemical change and when ignited will burn violently


5

CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Oxidizer – a substance that readily yields oxygen to stimulate combustion

Corrosive – liquid corrodes steel Organic peroxide – organic compound

containing the chemical bond, oxygen to oxygen

Poison – substance so toxic that it presents a risk to health

Compressed gas - substance in gas or liquid form contained in a vessel under pressure


6

CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Cryogenics - substances that are extremely cold such as liquid nitrogen, liquid helium and dry ice

Radioactive - any material having a specific activity greater than 0.002 micro curies per gram (uCi/g)

Biomedical - tissues, organs, and blood from humans and primates


7

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS HISTORY

Hazardous material classifications are denoted with diamond-shape signage. The diamonds are color coded for quick identification of material.

Red denotes flammable material.


8

HAZARDOUS LABELING SYSTEMS

There are two systems for labeling hazardous materials. National Fire Protection Association U.S. Department of Transportation

The codes are basically similar. Both systems use the same color coding and number usage.


9

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

The NFPA code is for use in buildings that manufacture, use, and store hazardous materials. It is for addressing specific hazards and cleanup of a spill or emergency.


10

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION

Red = flammabilityBlue = health hazardYellow = instabilityWhite = special hazardsNumbers 0 – 4 = severity of hazard

0 = least and 4 = most


11

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

These codes are for quick identification of the load being transported. This allows the firefighters and emergency personnel to understand how to treat the accident. The placards are attached to the vehicle carrying the materials.


12

EXPLANATION OF COLOR CODES

Flammable

Reactivity

Health

Special


13

IDENTIFICATION OF FLAMMABILITY

4 Flammable vapor or gas which burns readily

3 Flammable liquids of solids which can be readily ignitedunder almost all ambient temperatures

2 Substance must be heated to ignition

1 Substance must be preheated before ignition can occur

0 No fire hazard


14

IDENTIFICATION OF REACTIVITY STABILITY

4 Readily capable of detonation or explosive reaction

3 May detonate when exposed to heat or an ignition source

2 Readily capable of non-explosive reaction

1 May become unstable at high temperatures

0 Substance is stable


15

IDENTIFICATION OF HEALTH HAZARD

4 Severe health risk if the substance is not handled safelySubstances with 4 in the blue section could cause death of

irreversible injury

3 Cause serious or permanent injury or irreversible injury

2 Cause temporary incapacitation

1 Cause significant irritation

0 Would offer no hazard


16

SPECIAL (WHITE)

W Reacts violently or in a dangerous manner with water.

D Requires special disposal.

OX Substance yields oxygen to support combustion.Reacts to oxidize fuels or combustibles.

COR Alkali or other materials that will cause severe damage to living tissue.

ACID Acid

Materials possessing radioactivity hazards.


17

SIGNAGE OR PLACARDS


18

READING A PLACARD

Background color RED

Symbol Flammable

Lettering Flammable

Hazardous code (2) Must be heated to burn

Flammable2


19

PLACARD

Background color

Symbol

Lettering

Hazardous code

1

OXYGEN


20

HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL

There are four methods to dispose of hazardous materials: Treatment Disposal Storage Recycling


21


Disposal – putting the waste in a land disposal site specially designed to contain the hazardous waste

Landfills, waste piles and injection wells are used for this type of disposal.


22


Treatment - transforms the hazardous material to a less harmful product

Hazardous materials may be burned to reduce toxic composition and reduce the amount of materials.


23


Storage – an area used to keep the hazardous materials for a short period of time.

This could be a location between transportation and disposal.


24


Recycling –hazardous materials are processed into a reusable substance

This is called reclamation and is used on metals and solvents.


25

HAZARDOUS WASTE STORAGE


26

HAZARDOUS STORAGE CONTAINERS

Hazardous waste can be held in:

Containersportable

small amounts

Tanksstationary

large amounts


27

STORAGE AREA

Outside storage areas must be 50 feet away from a building and 50 feet from a water source.

50 ft from buildings

50 ft from water source or well

Waste Storage

Area


28

STORAGE AREA REQUIREMENTS

surrounded with a barrier sets on an impervious surface area outside should be covered no floor drain control access warning signs


29

CONTAINER LABELING

“HAZARDOUS WASTE” description of contents beginning collection date waste code accessible

HAZARDOUS WASTECONTENT

S

DATE:WASTE CODE


30

STORAGE TIME

Waste can be stored on site for less than 90 days without special permits.


31

“Store the waste in a manner

that does not threaten human

health or the environment.”

New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services


32

PERSONAL PROTECTION

Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) is the main prevention for an employee against hazardous materials. The employee must be trained in the type of, when to wear, adjustments, how to maintain and limitations of the equipment. The enforcement of using PPE is left to the instructor in schools and the safety committee in industrial plants.


33

MANUFACTURING LAB

The instructor is responsible for providing the needed PPE for students. Eye and Face Protection

Safety glasses Goggles Face shields

Eye Protection for intense light sources

Welding hoods Welding goggles


34

EYE AND FACE PROTECTION

Is required in labs when: handling hot solids or molten metal flying particles (chiseling, milling, sawing,

turning, shaping, and/or cutting) heat treating, tempering, or kiln firing any material intense light from gas or arc welding brazing, cutting or laser use repairing of any vehicle handling any chemicals and gases


35

RESPIRATION AND HEARING PROTECTION

Respiratory Protection+ dust mask

+ respirator

Hearing Protection+ ear plugs+ ear muffs


36

RESPIRATORY AND HEARING

Respiratory Protection is necessary when finishing

products are being used when there is a danger of

breathing harmful dust or fumes Hearing Protection

is necessary when the noise level reaches loud levels

when a router, planer or major manufacturing equipment is in use


37

PERSONAL PROTECTION

Hand Protection welding gloves leather gloves for heated plastics

Body Protection remove loose clothing, neckties, jewelry

Foot Protection closed toed shoes


38

RESOURCES

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency:http://www.fema.gov/hazard/hazmat/index.shtmEmergency Clipart - Possibly the internet’s largest

free clipart resource dedicated solely to Emergency Services:

http://www.emergencyclipart.com/album.asp?cat=hazmatWikipedia (History):http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous_goods


http://www.fema.gov/hazard/hazmat/index.shtm

http://www.emergencyclipart.com/album.asp?cat=hazmat

http://www.emergencyclipart.com/album.asp?cat=hazmat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous_goods

39

RESOURCES

Placards:http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/hazmat/placards/Personal Protective Equipment:http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/handsMan/worker/ppe/index.htmlDisposal of Hazardous material:http://therestorationresource.com/Environment_Friendly_Ways_To_Dispose_Of_Hazardous_Materials.htmlClipartwww.clipart.com


http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/hazmat/placards/

http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/hazmat/placards/

http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/handsMan/worker/ppe/index.html

http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/handsMan/worker/ppe/index.html

http://therestorationresource.com/Environment_Friendly_Ways_To_Dispose_Of_Hazardous_Materials.html



http://www.clipart.com/

40

RESOURCES

EPA Handbook on HW Storagehttp://www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6en/h/handbk4.pdf

New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissioner/p2au/pps/hhwp/documents/storage.ppt

Texas Commission on Environment Qualityhttp://www.tceq.texas.gov/p2/education/k-12education/k12pubs.html#materials




http://www.tceq.texas.gov/p2/education/k-12education/k12pubs.html

http://www.tceq.texas.gov/p2/education/k-12education/k12pubs.html

Documents

Principles of Manufacturing Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved 1