Principle’s of Material Handling

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PLANNING PRINCIPLE

All material handling should be the result of a deliberate plan where the needs, performance

objectives and functional specification of the proposed methods are completely defined at the outset.

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Definition: A plan is a prescribed course of action that is defined in advance of implementation. In its simplest form a material handing plan defines the material (what) and the moves (when and where); together they define the

method (how and who).

SYSTEM PRINCIPLEMaterial movement and storage activities

should be fully integrated to form a coordinated, operational system which spans receiving, inspection, storage, production, assembly, packaging, unitizing,

order selection, shipping, transportation and the handling of returns.

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Definition: A system is a collection of interacting and/or interdependent entities that form a unified whole.

Simplification Principle

Reduce, combine or eliminate unnecessary movements of equipment. Deliver the

material at correct place, Eliminate rehandling, Reduce variety of equipment's

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Material flow Principal

Material flow should be based on lay out or operation sequence. Avoid over crowding,

Eliminate obstacles on the way. Move greatest weight for least distance. Plan

related area of work together.

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Gravity principle

Utilize gravity where possible. Use slides, chutes, hoppers wherever

possible.

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Unit size PrincipalUnit loads shall be appropriately sized

and configured in a way which achieves the material flow and inventory objectives at

each stage in the supply chain.

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Definition: A unit load is one that can be stored or moved as a single entity at one time, such as a pallet, container or tote, regardless of the number of individual items that make up the load.

SPACE UTILIZATION

Effective and efficient use must be made of all available space.

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Definition: Space in material handling is three dimensional and therefore is counted as cubic space.

Safety Principle

Safe handling methods and equipment for better working

condition, provide guards, Handling equipment must be in good working conditions. High light danger areas,

Disposal of fumes, smoke, dust, Keep floor clean, Keep aisles clear

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Mechanization Principle

Use of mechanized handling equipment where quantities are large, long and frequent, Replace

manual handling where large no. of man power is required with

mechanized handling. e.g. earth moving equipment, concrete mixture

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Definition: Automation is a technology concerned with the application of electro-mechanical devices, electronics and

computer-based systems to operate and control production and service activities. It suggests the linking of multiple mechanical

operations to create a system that can be controlled by programmed instructions.

Flexibility Principle

Select equipment which is capable of handling variety of tasks. Buy adjustable racks. Buy versatile equipment. Use

accessories or attachments. e.g. Vacuum cleaner

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Equipment selection Principle

Select the equipment after considering all aspects of material movements and the method. Cost

per unit handling must be considered. It is a long term

investment.

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Standardization Principle

Material handling methods, equipment, controls and software should be standardized within the

limits of achieving overall performance objectives and without

sacrificing needed flexibility , modularity and throughput.

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Definition: Standardization means less variety and customization in the methods and

equipment employed.

Light weight Principle

Reduce weight of the equipment. It should have less dead weight to pay load ratio. Use light weight pallets,

containers, skids.

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Motion Principle

It should have less idle time. Reduce loading and unloading time. Use

tractor trailer for loading and unloading and tractor can be used for some other purpose. Minimum down

time

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Idle time Principle

Reduce unproductive time or idle time. Deliver material at desired rate.

Use unskilled labour. Equipment must be fully utilized.

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Obsolescence Principle

Obsolete equipment must be replaced by new one or the latest

one.

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Maintenance Principle

Use preventive maintenance for the equipment. Daily maintenance. Train

the operators.

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Control Principle

Control production and inventory by material handling equipment.

Material should be moved with lots, batches or containers. Movement of

the material as per schedule.

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Capacity Principle

Production capacity must be fully achieved. Ensure desired rate flow of the material. Plan to utilize forward and return trips. Utilize over head

space. Wider aisles for speedy movements

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Performance Principle

Performance of the equipment must be measured in terms of cost per unit of handling, safe working conditions

etc.

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Thank You

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