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Principles of Organic and Biochemistry. Ellen J. Wilson, RPh , PhD College of Southern Maryland. Friedrick W Ö hler is the “father” of organic chemistry. What is Organic Chemistry?. carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen phosphorus sulfur halogens. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Principles of Principles of Organic and BiochemistryOrganic and Biochemistry
Ellen J. Wilson, RPh, PhDEllen J. Wilson, RPh, PhDCollege of Southern MarylandCollege of Southern Maryland
Friedrick WFriedrick WÖÖhler is the “father” hler is the “father” of organic chemistryof organic chemistry
What is Organic Chemistry?What is Organic Chemistry?
carboncarbonoxygenoxygen
hydrogenhydrogennitrogennitrogen
phosphorusphosphorussulfursulfur
halogenshalogens
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Compounds that contain mostly carbon Compounds that contain mostly carbon and hydrogenand hydrogen
Also called Also called alkanesalkanes MethaneMethane CHCH44
EthaneEthane CHCH33CHCH33
PropanePropane CHCH33CHCH22CHCH33
Are called Are called saturatedsaturated alkanes alkanes
Look Back to CHE1200Look Back to CHE1200
SaturatedSaturated Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Some alkanes are cyclic—Some alkanes are cyclic—cycloalkanescycloalkanes
CyclopropaneCyclopropane CC33HH66
CylcobutaneCylcobutane CC44HH88
CyclopentaneCyclopentane CC55HH1010
CyclohexaneCyclohexane CC66HH1212
CycloalkanesCycloalkanes
Another View of CycloalkanesAnother View of Cycloalkanes
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Some alkanes are Some alkanes are substitutedsubstituted Can have other hydrocarbon groups or Can have other hydrocarbon groups or
halogens on them in place of hydrogenhalogens on them in place of hydrogen
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Some hydrocarbons are Some hydrocarbons are unsaturatedunsaturated Have Have double bonds double bonds or or triple bonds triple bonds in place of in place of
hydrogen in some placeshydrogen in some places
Look Back to CHE1200Look Back to CHE1200
REMEMBER---REMEMBER--- Carbon satisfies the octet rule by forming Carbon satisfies the octet rule by forming
4 bonds4 bonds Hydrogen satisfies the duet rule by formingHydrogen satisfies the duet rule by forming
1 bond1 bond
EthaneEthane EtheneEthene EthyneEthyneCHCH33CHCH33 CHCH22CHCH22 CHCHCHCH
alkanealkane alkenealkene alkynealkyne
Unsaturated HydrocarbonsUnsaturated Hydrocarbons
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
Unsaturated hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons can also be can also be substitutedsubstituted
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons
There is a special class of hydrocarbons There is a special class of hydrocarbons called called aromaticaromatic hydrocarbons hydrocarbons They are They are cycliccyclic and and unsaturatedunsaturated
BenzeneBenzene is an example is an example CC66HH66
Aromatic HydrocarbonsAromatic Hydrocarbons
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230Oxygen-Containing CompoundsOxygen-Containing Compounds
AlcoholsAlcohols contain hydrocarbons contain hydrocarbons plus an OH (hydroxyl) groupplus an OH (hydroxyl) group
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230Oxygen-Containing CompoundsOxygen-Containing Compounds
PhenolsPhenols contain a benzene contain a benzene ring plus an OH groupring plus an OH group
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230Oxygen-Containing CompoundsOxygen-Containing Compounds
ThiolsThiols contain an SH (sulfhydryl) group contain an SH (sulfhydryl) group in place of the OH (hydroxyl) groupin place of the OH (hydroxyl) group
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230Oxygen-Containing CompoundsOxygen-Containing Compounds
EthersEthers contain a hydrocarbon group contain a hydrocarbon group on either side of an oxygenon either side of an oxygen
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230Oxygen-Containing CompoundsOxygen-Containing Compounds
AldehydesAldehydes and and ketonesketones contain contain carbon double bonded to oxygencarbon double bonded to oxygen
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230Oxygen-Containing CompoundsOxygen-Containing Compounds
Carboxylic acids Carboxylic acids contain carbon doublecontain carbon doublebonded to oxygen with an OH (hydroxyl)bonded to oxygen with an OH (hydroxyl)
group in place of one hydrogengroup in place of one hydrogen
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
What are carbohydrates?What are carbohydrates? SugarsSugars Specialized oxygen-containing compoundsSpecialized oxygen-containing compounds
Can beCan be MonosaccharidesMonosaccharides (simple sugars) (simple sugars) DisaccharidesDisaccharides PolysaccharidesPolysaccharides (starch) (starch)
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230Amines and AmidesAmines and Amides
Compounds that contain nitrogenCompounds that contain nitrogen AminesAmines can be primary, secondary, or can be primary, secondary, or
tertiarytertiary
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230Amines and AmidesAmines and Amides
AmidesAmides contain carbon double bonded to contain carbon double bonded to oxygen plus an NH groupoxygen plus an NH group
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230LipidsLipids
What are What are lipidslipids?? FATS!!!!!FATS!!!!! Another type of oxygen-containing moleculeAnother type of oxygen-containing molecule A combination of long hydrocarbon and a A combination of long hydrocarbon and a
carboxylic acidcarboxylic acid Fats can be Fats can be saturatedsaturated or or unsaturatedunsaturated
Saturated and Unsaturated Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty AcidsFatty Acids
What is Biochemistry?What is Biochemistry?
BiochemistryBiochemistry is the application of chemistry is the application of chemistry—both organic and inorganic——both organic and inorganic—
to living organismsto living organisms
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230ProteinsProteins
The nitrogen-containing compounds in The nitrogen-containing compounds in your body are proteinsyour body are proteins They are very large moleculesThey are very large molecules They are made of specialized molecules They are made of specialized molecules
called amino acidscalled amino acids
Enzymes are specialized proteinsEnzymes are specialized proteins
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230Molecular GeneticsMolecular Genetics
DNADNA RNARNA
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230MetabolismMetabolism
What happens to the foods you eat?What happens to the foods you eat? Carbohydrate metabolismCarbohydrate metabolism
GlycolysisGlycolysis Citric acid cycleCitric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation and and electronelectron
transporttransport
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230MetabolismMetabolism
What happens to the foods you eat?What happens to the foods you eat? Lipid metabolismLipid metabolism
B-oxidationB-oxidation Talk about how carbohydrate and lipid Talk about how carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism are linkedmetabolism are linked
Topics in CHE1230Topics in CHE1230MetabolismMetabolism
Talk about the role that Talk about the role that insulininsulin plays in plays in both of themboth of them
Talk about Talk about American dietsAmerican diets
Include Include protein metabolism protein metabolism as wellas well
In Lab Today You Will Look at Various Properties of Hydrocarbons:
Addition reactions with bromine
Unsubstituted compound to a substituted compound
Oxidation reactions Hydrocarbon to an
alcohol
In Lab Today: Flammability of
hydrocarbons Burn cleanly
= alkane Burns a little smoky
= alkene Burn very smoky
= aromatic
In Lab Today: Boiling Point
Determination From CHE1200
What determines boiling point?
What kind of compounds have high boiling points?
Low boiling points?