Principles of Principles of Peacebuilding Peacebuilding

and Conflict and Conflict ResolutionResolution

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All people desire to live in All people desire to live in a world of peace and a world of peace and

harmony.harmony.

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BuddhaBuddha“We are what we think. All that we are arises with our thoughts. With our thoughts, we make the world.”

Conflict Begins within the Conflict Begins within the Individual.Individual.

SelfishnessUnselfishness

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UNESCO ConstitutionUNESCO Constitution“Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.”

Preamble

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Whole PurposeMind

Body Self Purpose

Dual PurposesDual Purposes

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SelfishnesSelfishnesss

Living only for oneself

LustExploitation

PrejudiceGree

d

Vengeance

Arrogance

Basis for conflictBasis for conflict

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UnselfishnUnselfishnessess

Living for others

Self-control

Service

FairnessGenerosity

Forgiveness

Humility

Basis for Basis for harmonyharmony

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Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela“The first thing is to be honest with yourself. You can never have an impact on society if you have not changed yourself.”

Spiritual sources of conflictSpiritual sources of conflictResult of original ancestor’s separation from God and Result of original ancestor’s separation from God and negative influence from evil spiritual forcesnegative influence from evil spiritual forces

Individual sources of conflictIndividual sources of conflict Disunity within the individual and confusion of valuesDisunity within the individual and confusion of values

Family sources of conflictFamily sources of conflictFamily dysfunctions affect succeeding generations.Family dysfunctions affect succeeding generations.

National/international sources of conflictNational/international sources of conflictNational policies affect future generations and can lead National policies affect future generations and can lead to conflict within or between nations.to conflict within or between nations.

Sources of ConflictSources of Conflict

Historical Sources of National Historical Sources of National ConflictConflict

National National crimes burden crimes burden future future generations.generations.

US Civil WarUS Civil War

Ethnic/religious Ethnic/religious resentments resentments accumulate.accumulate.

Balkan conflictsBalkan conflicts

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Individual CIndividual Choice:oice:To resolve or repeat past To resolve or repeat past

conflictsconflicts

Past

Future

Each person passes on either the problem or the solution.

Does Fighting Resolve Does Fighting Resolve Conflict?Conflict?

Fighting can be necessaryFighting can be necessary For self-defenseFor self-defense To defend the weakTo defend the weak

Fighting does not resolve conflictFighting does not resolve conflict Defeating an enemy does not Defeating an enemy does not

answer his grievances or end his answer his grievances or end his hatred.hatred.

The defeated are tempted to seek The defeated are tempted to seek revenge.revenge.

Results of World War IResults of World War ILeft:Left: General Ferdinand Foch General Ferdinand Foch (2(2ndnd from right) at German from right) at German surrender in surrender in Compeigne forest near ParisCompeigne forest near Paris

Above:Above: Adolf Hitler (with Adolf Hitler (with hand on hip) visiting the hand on hip) visiting the site of the German site of the German surrender, June 22, 1940surrender, June 22, 1940

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Results of World War IIResults of World War II

George C. Marshall and the George C. Marshall and the Marshall PlanMarshall Plan

Basis for Conflict Basis for Conflict ResolutionResolution

Lost Restored

State of

Conflict

State of Harmony

Indemnity conditions: Indemnity conditions: Efforts to reverse the Efforts to reverse the process by which the process by which the original harmony was original harmony was lost.lost.

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Restoration of ConflictRestoration of Conflict

Unselfishness

Selfishness

Right

Wrong Broken Relationship

Loving Relationship

Steps in Conflict ResolutionSteps in Conflict ResolutionStep 1.Step 1. Self reflection & Self reflection &

reorientationreorientation Consider how one might have Consider how one might have

dealt with the problem dealt with the problem differently.differently.

Take responsibility for one’s Take responsibility for one’s contribution to the conflict.contribution to the conflict.

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“We never get rid of an enemy by meeting hate with hate; we get rid of an enemy by getting rid of enmity.”

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Steps in Conflict Steps in Conflict ResolutionResolution

Step 2.Step 2. Reversal & Reversal & restitutionrestitution

Address whatever caused the Address whatever caused the other to feel hurt and other to feel hurt and violated.violated.

Be open to efforts to Be open to efforts to reconcile.reconcile.

Seek to correct injusticesSeek to correct injustices..

Steps in Conflict ResolutionSteps in Conflict ResolutionStep 3.Step 3. Reconciliation & Reconciliation &

renewalrenewal Give up claim for retaliation.Give up claim for retaliation. Forgive and be open to receive Forgive and be open to receive

forgiveness.forgiveness. Resolve to help the other to Resolve to help the other to

change.change. Foster good will.Foster good will.

Actions That Lead to PeaceActions That Lead to PeaceHumility:Humility:- Admitting to not always being right- Admitting to not always being right

- Being open to learn from others- Being open to learn from others

Generosity:Generosity: - Giving beyond convenience- Giving beyond convenience- Giving unconditionally, without - Giving unconditionally, without expectation of returnexpectation of return

Service:Service: - Showing acts of caring to meet others’ - Showing acts of caring to meet others’ needs needs- Respecting the dignity of the recipient- Respecting the dignity of the recipient- Reversing exploitation through service- Reversing exploitation through service

Giving even to those who have Giving even to those who have done one harmdone one harm

Converts the enemy into a Converts the enemy into a friend.friend.

Reverses ancient patterns Reverses ancient patterns of abuse and revenge.of abuse and revenge.

Greatest Act of Love: Greatest Act of Love: Winning over one’s enemyWinning over one’s enemy

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Jesus ChristJesus Christ“I say to you, love your enemies, and pray for those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be sons of your Father in heaven.”

Matthew 5:44-46

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IslamIslam“My Lord, who is the greatest of Thy servants in Thy estimation?”

“The one who forgives when he is in a position of power.”

Hadith of Baihaqi

What Is Needed?What Is Needed?

Leadership Leadership centered on true centered on true

lovelove

Ambassadors Ambassadors for Peacefor Peace

Attitude of an Ambassador for Attitude of an Ambassador for PeacePeace

Show concern for both sides.Show concern for both sides. Affirm the value of both sides.Affirm the value of both sides. Gain trust from both sides that each is Gain trust from both sides that each is

being treated fairly.being treated fairly. Aim for a win-win outcome.Aim for a win-win outcome. Guide both sides beyond blame and Guide both sides beyond blame and

accusation.accusation.

Mediation Skills: Towards the Mediation Skills: Towards the OffenderOffender

Help the offender accept Help the offender accept responsibility.responsibility.

Encourage admission of wrong.Encourage admission of wrong. Help the offender accept the Help the offender accept the

challenge of reconciliation.challenge of reconciliation. Avoid labeling and blaming.Avoid labeling and blaming. Praise and offer a second chance.Praise and offer a second chance.

Mediation Skills: Towards the Mediation Skills: Towards the OffendedOffended

Help the offended forgive and release Help the offended forgive and release grudges.grudges.

Help the offended recognize own faults.Help the offended recognize own faults. Help the offended to accept an Help the offended to accept an

apology.apology. Foster harmony and friendship with the Foster harmony and friendship with the

offender.offender.

Promoting Peace and Promoting Peace and ReconciliationReconciliation

Service programsService programs Sports competitionsSports competitions Cultural programsCultural programs Dialogue between religionsDialogue between religions Women as peacemakersWomen as peacemakers

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Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi“When I despair, I remember that all through history the ways of truth and love have always won.”

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Anwar SadatAnwar Sadat“Any life that is lost in war is a human life, be it that of an Arab or Israeli. Innocent children who are deprived of the care and compassion of their parents are ours. They are ours, be they living on Arab or Israeli land.”

Speech to the Israeli Knesset

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Rev. Sun Myung MoonRev. Sun Myung Moon“The reason why God does not punish an enemy is that He is thinking of the enemy’s parents, wife and children who all love him.

When you understand that heart of God, could you take revenge on your enemy?”

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Thank You!Thank You!