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Principles of Principles of Universal Design Universal Design
Jim MuellerJim Mueller
"The only important thing about design is "The only important thing about design is how it relates to people.”how it relates to people.”
(Pananek, 1968)(Pananek, 1968)
““The only thing The only thing important about important about design is how it design is how it relates to relates to people.”people.”
Victor Papanek, 1968Victor Papanek, 1968
Designs we love to *%#@ Designs we love to *%#@
• Cell phone? Cell phone? • Adult-proof caps?Adult-proof caps?• ““Blister” packages?Blister” packages?• ___________________?___________________?
What flavor is What flavor is YOUR bathroom cleanser?YOUR bathroom cleanser?
Why universal design?Why universal design?
ADA - architectural accessibility ADA - architectural accessibility
ADA - reasonable accommodationADA - reasonable accommodation
Section 255 of Telecommunications Section 255 of Telecommunications ActAct
Section 508 of Rehab ActSection 508 of Rehab Act
Workplace stressesWorkplace stresses
Working seniorsWorking seniors
““Aging in place”Aging in place”
Home healthcare Home healthcare
Competing for customers Competing for customers
About 1 in 7 Americans has a About 1 in 7 Americans has a disabilitydisability
About 1 in 3 Americans has a About 1 in 3 Americans has a family member or coworker with family member or coworker with a disabilitya disability
Better products for everyoneBetter products for everyone
Tales of universal design in Tales of universal design in IndustryIndustry
Six lessons of universal designSix lessons of universal design
1.1. Personal experience breeds championsPersonal experience breeds champions2.2. Support of top management is vitalSupport of top management is vital3.3. You can’t make what you can’t market You can’t make what you can’t market 4.4. Competition is a great motivatorCompetition is a great motivator5.5. Customers’ voices are heardCustomers’ voices are heard6.6. Legislation is only a startLegislation is only a start
Some others Some others lessons…lessons…
Acela ExpressAcela Express
Seniors and Seniors and people with people with disabilities are disabilities are especially especially important in important in highly highly competitive competitive markets.markets.
Photo courtesy of AmtrakPhoto courtesy of Amtrak
Duracell hearing aid batteriesDuracell hearing aid batteries
Packaging that Packaging that reduces effort is reduces effort is as important to as important to usability as the usability as the product itself.product itself.
Photo courtesy of DuracellPhoto courtesy of Duracell
Florian Ratchet-Cut ShearsFlorian Ratchet-Cut Shears
Addressing the Addressing the needs of needs of customers with customers with disabilities disabilities results in results in products products everyone wants.everyone wants.
Photo courtesy of American StandardPhoto courtesy of American Standard
Ford’s “Third Age Suit”Ford’s “Third Age Suit”
Young designers and Young designers and engineers can be engineers can be taught to “think taught to “think ageless”.ageless”.
Photo courtesy of Loughborough UniversityPhoto courtesy of Loughborough University
Gold ViolinGold Violin
Successful marketing Successful marketing respects respects customers’ customers’ lifestyles – lifestyles – whatever their age whatever their age or ability. or ability.
Photo: “Growing Old is Not for Sissies II”Photo: “Growing Old is Not for Sissies II”
Leviton Manufacturing CompanyLeviton Manufacturing Company
““Universal design has Universal design has become an become an extremely extremely important idea to important idea to us – maybe the us – maybe the most important most important idea.”idea.”
Oxo Good GripsOxo Good Grips
Sometimes Sometimes universal design universal design markets itself.markets itself.
Philips Healthcare ServicesPhilips Healthcare Services
Simple, intuitive use Simple, intuitive use is critical to is critical to success of home success of home healthcare healthcare technologies.technologies.
Photo courtesy of Philips Interactive HealthcarePhoto courtesy of Philips Interactive Healthcare
TupperwareTupperware
Products that last Products that last through several through several generations generations should be usable should be usable by people of all by people of all ages and ages and abilities.abilities.
Photo courtesy of Tupperware WorldwidePhoto courtesy of Tupperware Worldwide
Designing for “average” usersDesigning for “average” users
Some of us are just a little Some of us are just a little more average than others more average than others
Age, disabilities, and Age, disabilities, and situations make each of us situations make each of us
unique…unique…
Remember that you are unique – Remember that you are unique – Just like 300 million othersJust like 300 million others
15% of us have disabilities15% of us have disabilities
American Community Survey, 2004American Community Survey, 2004
5% of us have cognitive disabilities5% of us have cognitive disabilities
American Community Survey, 2004American Community Survey, 2004
ThinkingThinking
4% of us have sensory disabilities4% of us have sensory disabilities
American Community Survey, 2004American Community Survey, 2004
SeeingSeeing
HearingHearing
9% of us have physical disabilities9% of us have physical disabilities
American Community Survey, 2004American Community Survey, 2004
HandlingHandling
MobilityMobility
11% of us live with someone 11% of us live with someone with a disabilitywith a disability
Some things we may not live to see…Some things we may not live to see…
……but most of us will but most of us will live long enough to live long enough to experience disability experience disability for ourselves for ourselves because of…because of…
Modern medical careModern medical care
Returning war veteransReturning war veterans
The way we live, work, …The way we live, work, …
……and playand play
Numb and numb-erNumb and numb-er
Baby BoomersBaby Boomers
Extended careersExtended careers Active lifestylesActive lifestyles ½ are sandwiched ½ are sandwiched
between children between children and parentsand parents
SeniorsSeniors
Most rapid growth Most rapid growth worldwideworldwide
Desire to age in placeDesire to age in place Most caregivers are Most caregivers are
females over 75females over 75 Rising number care for Rising number care for
grandchildrengrandchildren
What is universal design?What is universal design?
What is universal design?What is universal design?
Universal Design is the design of Universal Design is the design of all products and environments to all products and environments to be usable by people of all ages be usable by people of all ages and abilities, to the greatest and abilities, to the greatest extent possible.extent possible.
- Ronald L. Mace, 1991- Ronald L. Mace, 1991
Accessible Design: for people with Accessible Design: for people with disabilitiesdisabilities
Universal Design: for everyone, Universal Design: for everyone, includingincluding people with disabilities people with disabilities
Accessible vs. universal Accessible vs. universal
Usability for all ages and abilities:Usability for all ages and abilities:
The 7 Principles of The 7 Principles of Universal DesignUniversal Design
©©19971997The Center for Universal DesignThe Center for Universal DesignNorth Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina State University
1.1. Equitable Use Equitable Use 2.2. Flexibility in UseFlexibility in Use3.3. Simple and Intuitive UseSimple and Intuitive Use4.4. Perceptible InformationPerceptible Information5.5. Tolerance for ErrorTolerance for Error6.6. Low Physical Effort Low Physical Effort 7.7. Size and Space for Approach and UseSize and Space for Approach and Use
The 7 Principles of Universal DesignThe 7 Principles of Universal Design
Principle 1: Equitable UsePrinciple 1: Equitable Use
The design is useful and marketable The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.to people with diverse abilities.
Principle 1: Equitable UsePrinciple 1: Equitable Use
Principle 2: Flexibility in UsePrinciple 2: Flexibility in Use
The design accommodates a wide range of The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.individual preferences and abilities.
Principle 2: Flexibility in UsePrinciple 2: Flexibility in Use
Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive UsePrinciple 3: Simple and Intuitive Use
Use of the design is easy to understand, Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, regardless of the user’s experience,
knowledge, language skills or concentration.knowledge, language skills or concentration.
Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive UsePrinciple 3: Simple and Intuitive Use
Principle 4: Perceptible InformationPrinciple 4: Perceptible Information
The design communicates information The design communicates information effectively to the user, regardless of the effectively to the user, regardless of the
environment or the user’s abilitiesenvironment or the user’s abilities
Principle 4: Perceptible InformationPrinciple 4: Perceptible Information
Principle 5: Tolerance for ErrorPrinciple 5: Tolerance for Error
The design minimizes hazards and The design minimizes hazards and negative consequences of accidental negative consequences of accidental
actions.actions.
Principle 5: Tolerance for ErrorPrinciple 5: Tolerance for ErrorThe design minimizes hazards and negative The design minimizes hazards and negative
consequences of accidental actions.consequences of accidental actions.
““CAUTION: It is not recommended that CAUTION: It is not recommended that children or pets regularly drink water from children or pets regularly drink water from the toilet, even though the bowl water is not the toilet, even though the bowl water is not harmful to children or pets.”harmful to children or pets.”
Label on toilet bowl cleaner Label on toilet bowl cleaner bottlebottle
Principle 6: Low Physical EffortPrinciple 6: Low Physical Effort
The design can be used efficiently The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a and comfortably and with a
minimum of fatigue.minimum of fatigue.
Principle 6: Low Physical EffortPrinciple 6: Low Physical Effort
The design can be used efficiently The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a and comfortably and with a
minimum of fatigue.minimum of fatigue.
Principle 7: Size and Space for Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and UseApproach and Use
Appropriate size and space is provided for use, Appropriate size and space is provided for use, regardless of user’s body size or posture.regardless of user’s body size or posture.
Principle 7: Size and Space for Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and UseApproach and Use
Principle 7: Size and Space for Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and UseApproach and Use
Next steps: Next steps: Promoting universal designPromoting universal design
Ford’s “Third Age Suit”Ford’s “Third Age Suit”
Goggles Goggles Ear plugsEar plugs Elbow bracesElbow braces GlovesGloves Wrist weightsWrist weights Knee bracesKnee braces Ankle weightsAnkle weights
Personifying user needsPersonifying user needs
Connecting with real people Connecting with real people