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"Wave Properties" The diagram below shows a sine wave with two missing labels.

This question has two parts. First, answer Part 1. Then, answer Part 2.

Part 1 from "Wave Properties" Which is indicated by #2?

A. pitch

B. amplitude

C. frequency

D. wavelength

Part 2 from "Wave Properties" Which best supports the correct answer to Part 1?

A. #2 indicates the distance from crest to trough.

B. #2 indicates the speed at which the wave oscillates.

C. #2 indicates the distance from crest to the resting point.

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D. #2 indicates the time the wave takes to complete one cycle.

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Part 1 An 8-kg cat resting on a tree branch applies a force of approximately 80 Ndownward on the branch. Approximately how much force does the branch apply upward to the cat?

A. 10 N

B. 40 N

C. 80 N

D. 640 N

Part 2 Which best explains the correct answer to Part 1?

A. When two objects interact, they apply equal and opposite forces againsteach other.

B. When a heavy object interacts with a lightweight object, itapplies more force than the lightweight object.

C. The net force applied by an object is the product of the object's mass andthe acceleration of gravity.

D. The force applied by the branch is the quotient of the cat's mass and itsapplied force on the branch.

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Part 1 The graph shows an object's horizontal position as a function of time. What is the object's average velocity?

A. 0 m/s

B. 1.2 m/s

C. 2 m/s

D. 10 m/s


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A. The object's total displacement was zero meters.

B. The object traveled a total of 12 meters in 10 seconds.

C. The object took 10 seconds to reach its final destination.

D. The object traveled 2 meters each second during the times it was inmotion.

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Part 1 The picture represents an object attached to a rope undergoing uniform circularmotion. The object's mass is 2 kg, and it is traveling at 4 m/s. The length of therope is 0.2 meters. What is the magnitude of the tension in the rope?

A. 8 N

B. 40 N

C. 80 N

D. 160 N

Part 2 Which force is supplied by the tension in the rope?

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A. the friction force

B. the normal force

C. the centripetal force

D. the gravitational force

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Part 1 The graph shows an object's horizontal position as a function of time. What is the object's average speed?

A. 0 m/s

B. 0.2 m/s

C. 1.5 m/s

D. 2 m/s


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A. The object's net displacement was two meters after 10 seconds.

B. The object traveled a total distance of 15 meters over 10 seconds.

C. The object's displacement was zero meters for the first four seconds.

D. The object traveled two meters for every second that it was in motion.

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Part 1 The diagram shows the horizontal and vertical components of the cannonball's initialvelocity as it is launched from the cannon. Assume the cannonball is launched at theedge of a cliff a mile up from the canyon below. Assuming projectile motion, what will be the magnitude of the cannonball's verticalvelocity after one second?

A. -9.8 m/s

B. 9.8 m/s

C. 15.2 m/s

D. 25 m/s

Part 2 Assuming projectile motion, what will be the magnitude of the cannonball's verticalvelocity after two seconds?

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A. -9.8 m/s

B. 5.4 m/s

C. 9.8 m/s

D. 25 m/s

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Part 1 The cannonball is launched from the cannon at a velocity of 80 m/s westward.The cannon sits at the edge of a cliff that is 3,000 meters above the canyon below. Assuming projectile motion, which best indicates how far the cannonball will havetraveled horizontally in four seconds?

A. 0 meters

B. 20 meters

C. 80 meters

D. 320 meters


A. A projectile's horizontal velocity is constant.

B. A projectile's horizontal velocity slowly decreases.

C. A projectile's horizontal velocity ceases as soon as it is launched.

D. A projectile's horizontal velocity is canceled out by the force of gravity.

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Part 1 Gus ran 12 kilometers in one hour and two minutes. The path he took is shown. What was the direction component of his velocity?

A. north

B. south

C. southeast

D. northeast

Part 2 What best explains how to determine the correct answer to Part 1?

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A. Determine the direction he begins moving in.

B. Determine the direction he moves in for the longest period of time.

C. Determine the direction of his finish position relative to his start position.

D. Determine the direction of the farthest position he reaches from his startposition.

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Part 1 What is the current through the circuit?

A. 0.33 A

B. 3 A

C. 4.5 A

D. 9 A

Part 2 Which formula must be used to calculate the correct answer to Part 1?

A. I = V ÷ (R1 • R2)

B. I = V ÷ (R1 + R2)

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C. I = (R1 • R2) ÷ V

D. I = (R1 + R2) ÷ V

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Part 1 A student throws a ball with an initial velocity of 9 m/s at an angle of 25° above thehorizontal. Assuming no friction, what is magnitude of the horizontal component of the ball'sinitial velocity?

A. 3.8 m/s

B. 8.2 m/s

C. 10.6 m/s

D. 22.7 m/s

Part 2 Assuming no friction, what is magnitude of the vertical component of the ball's initialvelocity?

A. 3.8 m/s

B. 8.2 m/s

C. 10.6 m/s

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D. 22.7 m/s

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Part 1 What is the current through the 2-ohm resistor?

A. 4 A

B. 10 A

C. 14 A

D. 20 A

Part 2 Which best supports the correct answer to Part 1?

A. Both the current and the voltage depend on the resistance in a particularbranch of the circuit.

B. Both the current and the voltage are the same for each branch of thecircuit, regardless of the resistance.

C. While the current through each parallel branch is the same, the voltagethrough each branch depends upon the resistance in that branch.

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D. While the voltage through each parallel branch is the same, the currentthrough each branch depends upon the resistance in that branch.

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Part 1 A 2-kg object is moving at a constant velocity of 10 m/s in a horizontal direction. According to Newton's first law, how much net force is required for this object tocontinue its state of motion?

A. 0 N

B. 5 N

C. 10 N

D. 20 N

Part 2 Which best explains the answer to Part 1?

A. Net force is the product of an object's mass and velocity.

B. Net force is the quotient resulting from an object's velocity divided by itsmass.

C. An object will maintain its state of motion unless acted upon by externalunbalanced forces.

D. An object cannot maintain its state of motion unless a force equal to itsvelocity is applied to it.

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Part 1 What will happen to the gravitational force between two objects if the distancebetween them remains the same but the mass of one of them is doubled?

A. The force will be reduced by half.

B. The force will remain unchanged.

C. The force will double.

D. The force will quadruple.


A. The force of gravity is directly proportional to the product of the twomasses.

B. The attractive force between objects depends on the square of the objects'masses.

C. The universal gravitational constant remains the same regardless of theobjects' masses.

D. The distance between the objects is the determining factor of thegravitational force between them.

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Part 1 Which is a scalar quantity?

A. force

B. velocity

C. energy

D. displacement


A. The quantity has a magnitude only.

B. The quantity requires scientific notation to display values.

C. The quantity may be measured with multiple types of units.

D. The quantity allows a system to do work on its surroundings.

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A 1200-kg car is accelerating at a rate of 4 m/s2 northward. What is the net force (N) acting upon the car? (Answer with a whole number usingonly the numeral keys. Do not include units with your answer.)

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Part 1 Which is a vector quantity?

A. acceleration

B. volume

C. pressure

D. temperature


A. It is measured in metric units only.

B. It has both magnitude and direction.

C. It is calculated from several different measurements.

D. It depends on the system being in a state of equilibrium.

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The diagram below represents a longitudinal wave. Which represents the direction of the wave's oscillations?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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The pictures below show the collisions between a ball and a wall. Which scenario has the greatest impulse?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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What happens to the total energy of two objects after they collide?

A. It increases.

B. It decreases.

C. It remains the same.

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The vectors for an object's motion are as follows: 10 m/s, 0 degrees and 15 m/s,135 degrees. Which diagram correctly shows the addition of these vectors?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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Which of the following best describes a wave's frequency?

A. the distance from trough to trough

B. the number of cycles per unit time

C. the height of a crest relative to the wave's midpoint

D. the amount of energy released by the wave

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Part 1 Two sound waves are traveling through air, and Wave X has a wavelength of 3.0meters and Wave Y has a wavelength of 1.5 meters. How does Wave X's speed compare to Wave Y's speed?

A. Wave X's speed is two times greater than Wave Y's speed.

B. Wave X's speed is two times less than Wave Y's speed.

C. Wave X is traveling the same speed as Wave Y.

D. The speed of the waves is impossible to compare without more data.

Part 2 Explain the correct answer to Part 1.

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Which two cars shared the same average speed?

A. a car that traveled 72 km in 20 hours

B. a car that traveled 120 km in 5 hours

C. a car that traveled 240 km in 6 hours

D. a car that traveled 400 km in 10 hours

E. a car that traveled 600 km in 12 hours

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As shown below, the net force on a hockey player is 180 newtons as he skatesacross the ice. Which of the following correctly shows the force of friction for this scenario?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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The net force on a 4-kilogram book is 50 newtons downward. At what rate is the book accelerating?

A. 12.5 m/s2 downward

B. 46 m/s2 downward

C. 54 m/s2 downward

D. 200 m/s2 downward

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The picture below shows a box in a state of static equilibrium. What are the quantities of forces X and Y?

A. X = 15 N; Y = 18 N

B. X = 18 N; Y = 15 N

C. X = 36 N; Y = 30 N

D. X = 30 N; Y = 36 N

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Given the following forces acting on an object, what is the net force? 55 N, right55 N, left15 N, up45 N, down

A. 30 N, down

B. 42.5 N, down

C. 60 N, down

D. 170 N, down

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The picture below represents the same object being swung around on two differentropes. Rope #2 is twice as long as rope #1. The circles represent the object's pathduring each trial. Assume the object travels at the same speed during each trial. Which of the following is a true statement?

A. The object accelerates at the same rate during both trials.

B. The object accelerates at half the rate of trial #1 during trial #2.

C. The object accelerates at twice the rate of trial #1 during trial #2.

D. The object accelerates at four times the rate of trial #1 during trial #2.

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The Cassini space probe was launched by NASA to study Saturn and its moons.Including its fuel and instruments, the probe's mass is about 5700 kg. Saturn's massis 5.68 x 1026 kg. Assume the probe is orbiting Saturn at a distance of 2.06 x 106

km, placing it approximately 2.12 x 109 m from Saturn's center. What is the approximate force of gravity between the Cassini space probe andSaturn?

A. 48 N

B. 5.09 x 107 N

C. 1.04 x 1011 N

D. 1.04 x 1014 N

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The graph below shows the change in position of an object over time. What does this graph show?

A. constant velocity

B. change in direction

C. increasing acceleration

D. decreasing acceleration

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A boy jumped off of his skateboard, and the skateboard rolled backwards. What best explains why the skateboard rolled backwards?

A. because the force the boy exerted on the skateboard caused theskateboard to decrease in speed

B. because the force the boy exerted on the skateboard was opposite indirection of the force the skateboard exerted on the boy

C. because the force the boy exerted on the skateboard caused theskateboard to push down against the ground

D. because the force the boy exerted on the skateboard was opposite indirection of the force the ground exerted against the skateboard

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The picture below represents the same object being swung around by the samerope at two different speeds. The circle represents the object's path during eachtrial. The object's velocity is twice as fast during trial #2 than it is during trial #1. Which of the following is a true statement?

A. The object experiences the same amount of centripetal force during bothtrials.

B. The object experiences half as much centripetal force during trial #2.

C. The object experiences twice as much centripetal force during trial #2.

D. The object experiences four times as much centripetal force during trial#2.

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Point charge X has a charge of +1.0 x 10-6 C, and point charge Z has a charge of+1.0 x 10-9 C. The distance between the charges is one meter. What will happen to the electrical force between the two point charges if the chargeof X changes to +1.0 x 10-9 C and the distance between the two charges remainsthe same?

A. The electrical force of attraction will decrease.

B. The electrical force of attraction will increase.

C. The electrical force of repulsion will decrease.

D. The electrical force of repulsion will increase.

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A boy throws a ball, and the ball's initial horizontal velocity is 6 m/s, right, and itsinitial vertical velocity is 3 m/s, up. Assuming projectile motion, what will be the ball's horizontal and vertical velocitiesat one second?

A. The horizontal velocity will be 6 m/s, right, and the vertical velocity willbe 3 m/s, down.

B. The horizontal velocity will be 6 m/s, right, and the vertical velocity willbe 6.8 m/s, down.

C. The horizontal velocity will be 12 m/s, right, and the vertical velocity willbe 6 m/s, down.

D. The horizontal velocity will be 12 m/s, right, and the vertical velocity willbe 12.8 m/s, down.

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A sound source is positioned at one edge of a lake. The water temperature is 15 °Cand the air temperature is 20 °C. The sound source sends sound waves through thelake and the air above it at the same time. Which sound waves will travel faster and why?

A. the sound waves traveling through the air because sound travels faster atwarmer temperatures

B. the sound waves traveling through the air because sound travels faster inair than in liquid

C. the sound waves traveling through the lake because sound travels faster atcolder temperatures

D. the sound waves traveling through the lake because sound travels faster inliquid than in air

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A cannonball is launched horizontally. Which statement is true?

A. The cannonball moves at a constant velocity both horizontally andvertically.

B. The cannonball is accelerating both horizontally and vertically.

C. Vertically, the cannonball moves at a constant velocity, but horizontally, itis accelerating.

D. Horizontally, the cannonball moves at a constant velocity, but vertically, itis accelerating.

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Point charge Y has a charge of -2.5 x 10-9 C, and point charge Z has a charge of -5.0x 10-9 C. The distance between the two charges is 90 centimeters. What will happen to the electrical force between the two point charges if the distancebetween them is decreased to 50 centimeters?

A. The electrical force of attraction will increase.

B. The electrical force of attraction will decrease.

C. The electrical force of repulsion will increase.

D. The electrical force of repulsion will decrease.

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A car is approaching a stop sign at a speed of 26.0 m/s when the driver hits thebrakes and the car skids to a stop. If the car's acceleration is -8.00 m/s2, then what is the car's displacement from themoment the brakes are applied to the moment the car stops?

A. 3.25 m

B. 42.3 m

C. 84.5 m

D. 208 m

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A motorcycle and a van collide into each other while traveling the same speed. Uponimpact, the motorcycle flies away from the van before crashing to the ground, whilethe van barely moves in comparison. What best describes how the forces the two vehicles exert on each other compare?

A. The force the motorcycle exerts on the van is greater.

B. The force the van exerts on the motorcycle is slightly greater.

C. The force the van exerts on the motorcycle is much greater.

D. The forces the vehicles exert on each other are equal and opposite.

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Which equation best demonstrates that energy is conserved?

A.

B.

C.

D.

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A 2-kg object is launched upward with an initial speed of 10 m/s, resulting in aninitial kinetic energy of 100 J. The initial potential energy of the object is 25 J. Assuming there is no friction, what is the total energy of the object as it moves?

A. 0 J

B. 4 J

C. 75 J

D. 125 J

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At t = 0 seconds, a runner was motionless. At t = 8 seconds, her velocity was 6 m/s,west. What was the runner's acceleration?

A. 0.75 m/s2, west

B. 1.3 m/s2, west

C. 3.2 m/s2, west

D. 6.0 m/s2, west

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A 25-kg boy is 5 meters up from the ground in a tree. He climbs down to a positionof 2 meters from the ground. How much does his gravitational potential energy decrease by?

A. 225 J

B. 490 J

C. 735 J

D. 2,400 J

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The diagram shows a wave. Complete the following: a. Identify the amplitude of the wave. Be sure to include units.b. Identify the wavelength of the wave. Be sure to include units.

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The net force acting on a box is 18 newtons upward. The box accelerates at a rateof 3 m/s2. What is the box's mass?

A. 6 kg

B. 15 kg

C. 21 kg

D. 54 kg

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A person leans against a wall, and the wall exerts an equal and opposite force on theperson. Which of Newton's laws does this example best illustrate?

A. third law of motion

B. law of inertia

C. second law of motion

D. law of universal gravitation

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A window washer drops his 4-kg bucket from a height of 12 meters. What is the approximate kinetic energy of the bucket just before it reaches theground?

A. 3 J

B. 16 J

C. 470 J

D. 576 J

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The charge of q1 is -4.1 x 10-6 C, while the charge of q2 is 8.5 x 10-9 C. The chargesare separated by a distance of 0.15 m. What is the force between the charges?

A. -2.3 x 10-13 N

B. -2.7 x 10-5 N

C. -2.1 x 10-3 N

D. -1.4 x 10-2 N

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Car A is traveling west with a momentum of 1500 kg•m/s. Car B is traveling eastwith a momentum of 1000 kg•m/s and collides with Car A. What is the total momentum of the system after the two cars collide?

A. 500 kg•m/s west

B. 500 kg•m/s east

C. 2500 kg•m/s west

D. 2500 kg•m/s east

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A 0.2-kg arrow is shot from a bow and hits a target board, causing the arrow'smomentum to change by -80 kg•m/s. What is the impulse experienced by the arrow?

A. -0.0025 N•s

B. -16 N•s

C. -80 N•s

D. -400 N•s

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A car pushes downward on the ground as the ground pushes upward on the car. Which of Newton's laws does this example best illustrate?

A. law of acceleration

B. law of inertia

C. third law of motion

D. second law of motion

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The charge of a proton in a helium atom is +1.6 x 10-19 C. What is the charge of an electron in the same atom?

A. 0 C

B. -1.6 x 10-19 C

C. -3.2 x 10-19 C

D. -4.00 x 10-19 C

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Which units are used to quantify a wave's wavelength?

A. amperes

B. hertz

C. nanometers

D. ohms

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A cannon fires a cannonball eastward with a momentum of 20 kg•m/s. What is the total momentum of recoil of the cannon?

A. -20 kg•m/s east

B. 0 kg•m/s west

C. 10 kg•m/s east

D. 20 kg•m/s west

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Assume two objects are in contact with one another. Upon which of the following does the force of friction most depend?

A. the acceleration of gravity

B. the units in which friction is measured

C. the degree to which the objects are pressed together

D. the temperature of the surrounding environment

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What is the kinetic energy of a 24-kg object traveling at a speed of 5 m/s?

A. 4.8 J

B. 60 J

C. 120 J

D. 300 J

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A 0.5-kg ball experiences a force of 60 N westward for 0.2 seconds. What change in momentum does the cart experience?

A. 6 kg • m/s

B. 12 kg • m/s

C. 30 kg • m/s

D. 100 kg • m/s

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A hammer has a potential energy of 5 J and a kinetic energy of 50 J. What is the hammer's mechanical energy?

A. 10 J

B. 45 J

C. 50 J

D. 55 J

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Which best describes an object at static equilibrium?

A. It moves with a constant velocity.

B. Its forces are balanced, and it is at rest.

C. Its forces all share the same magnitude.

D. Its net force is zero, and it moves in place.

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If the voltage for a circuit is 90 volts and the current measures 3 amperes, what isthe resistance?

A. 0.03 ohms

B. 27 ohms

C. 30 ohms

D. 270 ohms

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If the voltage for a circuit is 80 volts and the current measures 8 amperes, what isthe resistance?

A. 0.1 ohms

B. 10 ohms

C. 72 ohms

D. 630 ohms

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Which of the following is the best example of Newton's first law?

A. A planet's orbit is dependent upon its mass and distance from the sun.

B. A soccer ball remains motionless on the ground until it is kicked.

C. When two cars collide, they exert equal and opposite forces on each other.

D. A falling rock's acceleration is dependent upon gravity and wind resistance.

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Which has the greatest momentum?

A. a 900-kg vehicle moving with a velocity of 3 m/s eastward

B. a 1,200-kg vehicle moving with a velocity of 4 m/s eastward

C. a 2,500-kg vehicle moving with a velocity of 1 m/s eastward

D. a 5,000-kg vehicle moving with a velocity of 2 m/s eastward

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Which scenario best represents sliding friction?

A. a tree bending in the wind

B. a rock accelerating during free fall

C. a snowboarder moving downhill

D. a book resting on a table

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Which scenario best represents static friction?

A. an airfoil lifting into the air

B. a ball rolling down a ramp

C. a skier moving across the snow

D. a man standing on the side of a hill

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In what circumstance would an object maintain a constant velocity?

A. when the object has no inertia

B. when the object experiences no friction

C. when there is no net force acting on the object

D. when the forces acting on an object remain constant

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